polentan.

Brit.

/pəˈlɛntə/, U.S.

/poʊˈlɛn(t)ə/

Forms: Old English polentan (accusative singular), Middle English pollenta, Middle English– polenta.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Latin polenta; Italian polenta.

Etymology: Originally < classical Latin polenta (also pollenta) hulled and crushed grain, especially barley-meal < pollen pollen n. + -ta , suffix forming nouns. In later use largely reborrowed < Italian polenta (14th cent. in sense (b); also c1340 in an isolated attestation in sense ‘barley-meal’) < classical Latin polenta (see above). Compare Anglo-Norman polentes (plural) pearl barley (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier), Middle French polente barley-meal (c1501), Middle French, French polenta (1572 or earlier in sense ‘barley-meal’ ( < classical Latin, now obsolete); now only denoting an Italian or Corsican dish made from maize flour or (in Corsica) chestnut-meal (1797 as †poulainte in this sense; < Italian)).The Italian dish is now usually made with maize flour, but other grains can be used as well; the Tuscan variety of polenta is made with chestnut-meal. It is unclear whether in Old English the word is weak masculine (polenta) or weak feminine (polente).

(a) Fine meal made from chestnuts, barley, or another grain; (in later use chiefly) maize flour, esp. as used in Italian cookery. (b) A paste or dough made from such meal, which is boiled and typically then fried or baked; a dish made with this.In early use also: †pearl barley; a porridge made from parched barley (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > prepared grains

polentaOE

groats?a1100

tisanea1425

oat groatsa1475

grist?1567

polent1577

French barley1596

pearl barley1639

shelled corn1676

pot barley1761

burghul1764

semolina1784

yokeag1824

burgoo1825

Scotch barley1825

pearl sago1828

semoletta1844

semola1853

manna croup1864

manna groats1864

corn chip1868

rolled oats1870

flake-manna1886

flake-tapioca1886

grape-nuts1898

kibble1902

stamped mealies1911

stamp1923

bulgur1934

freekeh1940

stamp mealies1952

the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > barley meal

polentaOE

barley-meal1382

polent1577

beremeal1753

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > porridges > [noun]

polentaOE

papelotec1400

pottagea1500

crowdy-mowdy?a1513

drowsen1519

pease porridge?1548

plum pottage1574

sowens1582

grout1587

orgementa1590

plum porridge1591

loblolly1597

pease pottage1600

girt-brew1620

washbrew1620

lentil-porridge1622

hominy1630

porridgea1643

samp1643

nettle-pottage1659

nettle-porridge1661

crowdie1668

suppawn1670

mush1671

rockahominy1674

stirabouta1691

praiseach1698

sagamité1698

brochan1700

atole1716

burgoo1750

purry1751

fungee1789

pepper porridge1803

kasha1808

mamaliga1808

skilligalee1819

bean-porridge1821

skilly1839

sap porridge1842

corn-mush1846

oatmeal mush1850

pap1858

ugali1860

oatmeal1873

mealie-meal1880

mealie-pap1880

uji1889

sadza1899

nsima1907

putu papa1910

posho1927

putu1949

ogi1957

whey-porridge-

OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Josh. (Claud.) v. 11 Hi..æton ðeorfe hlafas & polentan [L. polentam].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 226 Som men meneþ þat polenta is a manere potage y-made of most deere and purede flour... Pollenta is corn y-sode, y-piled and holid and y-schelid..as þough..wiþ betyng and pownyng in a morter.

1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 16^v Polenta..is made of fried or perched barley.

1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. viii. 88 Polenta is barely steeped in water one night, then dried, then fried and then ground.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 561 The ordinarie drie grout or meale also Polenta, which the Greeks so highly commend, was made of nothing els but of barley.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) i. 22 The Polenta, and parched Corn, the old Diet of the Romans.

1766 T. Smollett Trav. I. xx. 319 A kind of meal called polenta, made of Indian corn, which is very nourishing and agreeable.

1768 G. Baretti Acct. Manners & Customs Italy II. 192 As to the generality of our peasants and lower sort of people, they breakfast on polenta.

1834 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 423 I helped to boil the polenta,—milk and water, into which the flour of Indian corn was stirred; and the whole seasoned with salt.

1866 W. D. Howells Venetian Life vi Golden mountains of polenta (a thicker kind of mush or hasty-pudding made of Indian meal and universally eaten in Italy).

1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 69 Gressini..keep a hungry man nibbling patiently whilst the Polenta or the Risotto of his choice takes on the finishing touches.

1984 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 14 Dec. c24/5 Poached eggs and grilled tomato with chili-cheese polenta.

1992 A. Waters Fanny at Chez Panisse 61 You can make corn flour by putting cornmeal or polenta in a spice grinder and whizzing until it's the texture of flour.

2004 Delicious June 28/1 As polenta can be bland, we've made it using vegetable stock and plenty of seasoning.

Compounds

General attributive.

ΚΠ

1796 J. Wright Observ. Preserving Wheat & Other Grain from Vermin 62 The medical gentlemen in the Venetian stat[e] recommend a polenta diet.

1846 Amer. Agriculturist July 210 Polenta gnocchi are also capital.

1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Aug. 5/2 The polenta pot..simmering over the glowing logs.

1908 Daily Chron. 21 Dec. 3/5 Unable to indulge in the luxury of wheaten bread, the people are returning to their oldtime diet of polenta chestnuts.

1983 J. Famularo & L. Imperiale Joy of Pasta Introd. p. vii The various rice and polenta dishes in the north.

2002 L. Wener Goodnight Steve McQueen xii. 60 Immune to the scornful looks of the polenta posse making their Upper Street passeggiata behind us.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	polenta
释义	polentan. Brit. /pəˈlɛntə/, U.S. /poʊˈlɛn(t)ə/ Forms: Old English polentan (accusative singular), Middle English pollenta, Middle English– polenta. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: Latin polenta; Italian polenta. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin polenta (also pollenta) hulled and crushed grain, especially barley-meal < pollen pollen n. + -ta , suffix forming nouns. In later use largely reborrowed < Italian polenta (14th cent. in sense (b); also c1340 in an isolated attestation in sense ‘barley-meal’) < classical Latin polenta (see above). Compare Anglo-Norman polentes (plural) pearl barley (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier), Middle French polente barley-meal (c1501), Middle French, French polenta (1572 or earlier in sense ‘barley-meal’ ( < classical Latin, now obsolete); now only denoting an Italian or Corsican dish made from maize flour or (in Corsica) chestnut-meal (1797 as †poulainte in this sense; < Italian)).The Italian dish is now usually made with maize flour, but other grains can be used as well; the Tuscan variety of polenta is made with chestnut-meal. It is unclear whether in Old English the word is weak masculine (polenta) or weak feminine (polente). (a) Fine meal made from chestnuts, barley, or another grain; (in later use chiefly) maize flour, esp. as used in Italian cookery. (b) A paste or dough made from such meal, which is boiled and typically then fried or baked; a dish made with this.In early use also: †pearl barley; a porridge made from parched barley (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > prepared grains polentaOE groats?a1100 tisanea1425 oat groatsa1475 grist?1567 polent1577 French barley1596 pearl barley1639 shelled corn1676 pot barley1761 burghul1764 semolina1784 yokeag1824 burgoo1825 Scotch barley1825 pearl sago1828 semoletta1844 semola1853 manna croup1864 manna groats1864 corn chip1868 rolled oats1870 flake-manna1886 flake-tapioca1886 grape-nuts1898 kibble1902 stamped mealies1911 stamp1923 bulgur1934 freekeh1940 stamp mealies1952 the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > barley meal polentaOE barley-meal1382 polent1577 beremeal1753 the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > soup or pottage > porridges > [noun] polentaOE papelotec1400 pottagea1500 crowdy-mowdy?a1513 drowsen1519 pease porridge?1548 plum pottage1574 sowens1582 grout1587 orgementa1590 plum porridge1591 loblolly1597 pease pottage1600 girt-brew1620 washbrew1620 lentil-porridge1622 hominy1630 porridgea1643 samp1643 nettle-pottage1659 nettle-porridge1661 crowdie1668 suppawn1670 mush1671 rockahominy1674 stirabouta1691 praiseach1698 sagamité1698 brochan1700 atole1716 burgoo1750 purry1751 fungee1789 pepper porridge1803 kasha1808 mamaliga1808 skilligalee1819 bean-porridge1821 skilly1839 sap porridge1842 corn-mush1846 oatmeal mush1850 pap1858 ugali1860 oatmeal1873 mealie-meal1880 mealie-pap1880 uji1889 sadza1899 nsima1907 putu papa1910 posho1927 putu1949 ogi1957 whey-porridge- OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Josh. (Claud.) v. 11 Hi..æton ðeorfe hlafas & polentan [L. polentam]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 226 Som men meneþ þat polenta is a manere potage y-made of most deere and purede flour... Pollenta is corn y-sode, y-piled and holid and y-schelid..as þough..wiþ betyng and pownyng in a morter. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 16^v Polenta..is made of fried or perched barley. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke iii. viii. 88 Polenta is barely steeped in water one night, then dried, then fried and then ground. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 561 The ordinarie drie grout or meale also Polenta, which the Greeks so highly commend, was made of nothing els but of barley. a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) i. 22 The Polenta, and parched Corn, the old Diet of the Romans. 1766 T. Smollett Trav. I. xx. 319 A kind of meal called polenta, made of Indian corn, which is very nourishing and agreeable. 1768 G. Baretti Acct. Manners & Customs Italy II. 192 As to the generality of our peasants and lower sort of people, they breakfast on polenta. 1834 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 423 I helped to boil the polenta,—milk and water, into which the flour of Indian corn was stirred; and the whole seasoned with salt. 1866 W. D. Howells Venetian Life vi Golden mountains of polenta (a thicker kind of mush or hasty-pudding made of Indian meal and universally eaten in Italy). 1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 69 Gressini..keep a hungry man nibbling patiently whilst the Polenta or the Risotto of his choice takes on the finishing touches. 1984 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 14 Dec. c24/5 Poached eggs and grilled tomato with chili-cheese polenta. 1992 A. Waters Fanny at Chez Panisse 61 You can make corn flour by putting cornmeal or polenta in a spice grinder and whizzing until it's the texture of flour. 2004 Delicious June 28/1 As polenta can be bland, we've made it using vegetable stock and plenty of seasoning. Compounds General attributive. ΚΠ 1796 J. Wright Observ. Preserving Wheat & Other Grain from Vermin 62 The medical gentlemen in the Venetian stat[e] recommend a polenta diet. 1846 Amer. Agriculturist July 210 Polenta gnocchi are also capital. 1888 Pall Mall Gaz. 23 Aug. 5/2 The polenta pot..simmering over the glowing logs. 1908 Daily Chron. 21 Dec. 3/5 Unable to indulge in the luxury of wheaten bread, the people are returning to their oldtime diet of polenta chestnuts. 1983 J. Famularo & L. Imperiale Joy of Pasta Introd. p. vii The various rice and polenta dishes in the north. 2002 L. Wener Goodnight Steve McQueen xii. 60 Immune to the scornful looks of the polenta posse making their Upper Street passeggiata behind us. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.OE
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