| 释义 |
policyn.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French policie. Etymology: < Middle French policie, pollicie government, political organization, the state (c1370), (system of) political and social organization, public administration (15th cent.), conduct, comportment (15th cent.) < post-classical Latin politia citizenship (late 2nd cent. in Tertullian), political organization, government (4th cent.), urbanity (15th cent.), improvement of an estate (1521 in a Scottish source), also as politia (plural) improvements, grounds (1538, 1567 in Scottish sources), already in classical Latin (as polītīa ) as the title of Plato's Republic (Cicero) < ancient Greek πολιτεία citizenship, government, administration, constitution, polity, form of government < πολίτης citizen (see politic adj. and n.) + -ία -y suffix3. The sense development was apparently influenced also by association with French police police n. The senses at branch II., and the corresponding senses in post-classical Latin, appear to be due to association with classical Latin polītus polished, refined (see polite adj. and n.) and with post-classical Latin polities, policies polish, elegance ( from late 15th cent.). Compare Spanish policia public order, good manners (14th cent.), police (19th cent.), Portuguese polícia public order, body of laws which ensure public order (15th cent.), now also police.In early use sometimes indistinguishable from police n.: see further discussion at that entry. In Court of Policy at sense 1b after Dutch †Raad van politie (1713 as †Raaden van de politie, plural); compare earlier †Politieke Raad in same sense (1647 as †Pollitique Raden, plural)). I. Senses related to public or politic practice. 1. society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] c1390 G. Chaucer 600 If that a prynce vseth hasardrye, In alle gouernaunce and policye [v.r. polesye], He is..Yholde the lasse in reputacioun. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) viii. 2567 (MED) Fals ambicioun..Dyuysioun, malicious doubilnesse, Rancour, hatreed..Which set aside al good policie..Haue be cheeff ground of thi [sc. Rome's] destruccioun. a1475 J. Fortescue (Laud) (1885) 148 Thies counsellors mowe..delibre..vppon þe materes off þe pollycye off þe reaume. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 46 Turne him to any Cause of Pollicy, The Gordian Knot of it he will vnloose. View more context for this quotation 1641 J. Milton 42 There is no art that hath bin more canker'd in her principles, more soyl'd, and slubber'd with aphorisming pedantry then the art of policie. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre (1799) III. 625 By policy I mean not the modern art of deceiving mankind,..but..the antique art of governing them, which is a great virtue. society > law > legislation > legislator > [noun] > body of legislators > specifically in Guyana 1769 E. Bancroft 353 The lands are granted gratis, by the Governor and Court of Policy. 1824 J. Mackintosh Speech in Commons 1 June in (1846) III. 432 They resolved, that the King and Parliament of Great Britain had no right to change their laws without the consent of their Court of Policy. 1903 528 British Guiana... The Government consists of a Governor and a Court of Policy of 15 other members. 1960 10 Mar. 11/2 Executive and legislative functions were carried out for the most part by the Court of Policy. 1998 III. 488 After 1891 members of the Court of Policy..were chosen by direct election. †2. society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iii. 459 (MED) Cheste..with the wyndes whiche he bloweth, Fulofte sythe he overthroweth The Cites and the policie. 1447 O. Bokenham (Arun.) (1938) 952 Hym that was be tyrannye That tyme prynce of ther polycye. c1475 tr. C. de Pisan (Cambr.) (1977) 48 (MED) The wyse men..determyne..the ordre to gouerne well the policie. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara (1546) sig. B.viij The diminyshing of the auncient Polycie of Rome. 1558 C. Goodman Pref. Most discreet governors of commonwealths and policies. 1585 T. Bilson iii. 416 A principall part of the citie and policie of Rome. society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun] a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) iii. 3197 (MED) Solon also the beste lawes made..Athenyeses theroff wer ful glade, His gret wisdam whan thei dede espie, Thei fond theryn so moch policie. 1488–9 c. 19 To the subvercion of the polecy and gode rule of this lond. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in ii. f. cccxxxviiv I am sorye to se that gouernaunce fayleth, as thus: to sene smale and lowe gouerne the hye, and bodies aboue. Certes yt polesye is naught. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More sig. Bviv Suche peoples as do lyue to gethere in a cyuyle pollycye and good ordre. 1569 R. Grafton II. 433 He furnished his realme both with good learnyng, and Ciuile pollicie. 1596 W. Warner (rev. ed.) x. lvii. 253 French Policie consists of Three Estates, The Princes, Nobles, Commons. a1651 D. Calderwood (1843) II. 41 Consultatioun was had how a good and godlie policie might be established in the church. 1737 W. Strahan tr. J. Domat (ed. 2) II. 274 The Protection of the Policy of the Church becames a Matter of the Temporal Policy of a State. 1836 J. Gilbert v. 188 In well constituted policies provision is always made for the exercise of clemency. the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > a wile or cunning device the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > available means or a resource > a device, contrivance, or expedient ?1406 T. Hoccleve La Mâle Règle 252 in E. P. Hammond (1927) 63/2 Whan þt Vlixes saillid to and fro By meermaides, this was his policie: Alle eres of men of his compaignie With wex he stoppe leet. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan ii. xxxv. 152 The besegers haue commonly one manere of a polycye. a1500 tr. A. Chartier (Rawl.) (1974) 244 Flyes that make hony..keping togedir their assemble and by their litill pollicey [c1475 Univ. Oxf. polecie] to kepe the lordship of their kyng þat regnith among them vndir a litill praty roofe. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus I. Acts xxvii. 87 They used other policies to preserue the shyp. 1640 J. Yorke Battels in 18 By policy of their Iron stakes against the English horse, King Edwards battell was discomfited. 1678 J. Worlidge (ed. 2) iii. 23 A swarm [of bees]..drawn from one place to another by Stales, Baits, Calls, or such like policies. 1770 J. Burgess 25 Such is the policy and device of thie chief swine-driver, that he sets one hog to drive another; i.e. one sinner to spur on another to sin. 1849 J. C. Hare II. x. 193 When a man is sharpening his policies, he will grind them away to nothing. society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > a policy the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > prudence, discretion > [noun] > course of action the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > course adopted to achieve an end c1430 J. Lydgate (1840) II. 82 Wherfor late soverayns use this policye, What ever they do late it in mesure be. 1544 R. Tracy sig. Biiijv Thys was the crafty polycye of the clergye. 1599 F. Thynne (1875) 1 Eche one..did, in the begynnynge of the monthe of Januarye..presente somme gyfte vnto his frende.., a pollicye gretlye to be regarded. a1687 W. Petty (1690) 23 I now come to the first Policy of the Dutch, viz. Liberty of Conscience. 1751 Earl of Orrery (1752) 64 France, by her policy, has done the same. By policy, I mean the encouragement of arts and sciences. 1785 T. B. Clarke 61 The unwise policy of Britain hath raised up a formidable rival. 1840 C. Thirlwall VII. lv. 75 The project attributed..to Alexander, is not the less in perfect harmony with his general policy. 1861 M. Pattison in Apr. 410 Edward's foreign policy led him to draw closer the ties which connected our country with Germany. 1908 E. F. Benson x. 150 Honesty was the best policy only of those who were not politicians. 1919 P. G. Wodehouse i. vi. 71 He had read in novels and seen on the stage situations of this kind, where the father had stormed and blustered. The foolishness of such a policy amused him. 1954 W. S. Churchill Let. 8 Aug. in W. S. Churchill & D. Eisenhower (1990) 167 The sentiments and ideas which your letter expresses are in full accord with the policy now being pursued in all the Colonies of the British Empire. 2001 26 Nov. 48/3 Despite the wealth of research available to help guide drug policy. 5. the world > action or operation > advantage > expediency > [noun] the mind > mental capacity > understanding > intelligence, cleverness > sharpness, shrewdness, insight > [noun] the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > astuteness the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] c1440 S. Scrope tr. C. de Pisan (St. John's Cambr.) (1970) 7 Be-cause the iiij cardinall vertues be necessarie to good policie, we schal speke of them. c1460 (a1449) J. Lydgate (1934) ii. 750 I conseyl..Off policye, forsight, and prudence. 1477 J. Paston in (2004) I. 503 It weere nott polesy for me to sett þat maner jn suche case. 1533 T. More i. v. f. xxxiiiiv I wyll peraduenture..here after..vse the same cyrcumspeccyon and polycye that I lerne of his ensample here. 1587 J. Higgins (new ed.) Malin x Secretly by pollecy and sleight Hee slewe mee with his swoord, before I wist. 1599 E. Sandys (1632) 102 Our grosse conceipts, who think honestie the best policie. 1604 M. Drayton sig. D In this base Bird I might well discry, The prosperous frute of thriuing Policy. 1701 R. Cocks Diary 26 May in D. W. Hayton (1996) 151 Whether the vigour of the mind or the strength of the body was more beneficiall to ones country..was resolved according to our English proverb that policy goes beyond strength. 1752 H. Fielding III. ix. x. 323 Tom, Tom, thou hast no Policy in thee. 1791 E. Burke (1844) III. 255 Have they no way of convincing this..illustrious person,..that her only policy is silence, patience, and refusal? 1868 A. Helps (1876) iv. 56 If this is policy, then are the ways of children politic. 1883 20 Oct. 409/2 The policy of allowing this sweeping right of appeal was doubted by many. 1902 12 July 51/2 It is bad policy to give the advice not to volley a lob. 1962 i. 4 In philosophy it is often good policy, where one member of a putative pair falls under suspicion, to view the more innocent-seeming party suspiciously as well. society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > political skill or statecraft the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > in politics society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > political skill or statecraft > political cunning a1500 (a1471) G. Ashby Active Policy Prince 643 in (1899) 33 (MED) To youre richesse make neuer man liche, If ye wol stande in peas and be set by—So wol god and polleci sykerly. 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Pref. sig. cij By the pollicie and wisedome of the Frankes, it came so to passe. 1598 W. Shakespeare i. iii. 107 Neuer did bare and rotten pollicy Colour her working with such deadly wounds. View more context for this quotation c1650 J. Spalding (1851) II. 427 Bot heirin wes deip policie, as efter do appeir. 1679 R. South 54 Jeroboam being thus advanced, and thinking Policy the best Piety. 1728 E. Haywood tr. M.-A. de Gomez (1732) II. 220 He had the Policy to discharge his new Subjects from the Impositions which their former Masters had laid on them. 1815 W. Scott vi. vii. 230 King Robert's eye Might have some glance of policy. 1867 E. A. Freeman I. v. 435 In this..he was actuated by policy rather than by sentiment. 1907 21 Aug. 7/3 The justness and policy of this method of settling such international disputes. II. Senses related to polish and refinement. 6. Scottish. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > [noun] > improvement of buildings, etc. 1472 in C. Rogers (1879) I. 163 The sade Wilȝam sal put the sad landis to al policy efter his powar in byggyn, hanyng and defens, and plantatioun of treys. 1475 (1859) p. lxviii For reparacion beilding and polesy to be maid in honour of..Sanct John. 1535 (1814) II. 343/1 Item for polecy to be had wtin þe Realme In planting of woddis making of Edgeis orchartis ȝardis and sawing of browme. 1555 (1814) II. 491/2 It salbe lesum for policie and eschewing of deformitie of the towne. 1587 (1814) III. 506/2 The..erectioun of..Brint Iland in ane frie burgh regall is..very commodious and convenient for the policie and decoirment of this realme. the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > real or immovable property > property created by human labour society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > [noun] > improvement of buildings, etc. > result of a1500 Wisdom of Solomon (Cambr. Kk.1.5) in R. Girvan (1939) 180 Than tuk I in detestacione..al the werkis and polesy that I had gart mak wndir the sone with grete deligens. 1535 (1814) II. 349/1 All or souerane lordis burrowis are..waistit and distroyit in þeir gudis and polecy and almaist Ruynous. 1563 N. Winȝet (1888) I. 128 Quhy hef ȝe wappit doun the monasteriis, and principal policeis of this realme? 1594 (1816) IV. 71 Oure souerane lord..apprevis the actis and statutis maid..for the..reparatioun of the decayed policie wtin burgh. 1674 No. 195 John Diskone [etc.]..hes..cutted [etc.]..the haill grouane timber and polacie within..the fruitt yairds. 1712 12–14 Mar. The whole Tenement being near to 100 yards from East to West, and near to 60 from North to South, capable of many Policies and Improvements. the mind > possession > possessions > [noun] > real or immovable property > land > a landed property or estate > land around a mansion or farm 1724 in W. Macfarlane et al. (1906) I. 339 A large fine new house with a great deall of new policy about it. 1764 30 June 35 There is a handsome modern house on the estate, with very good offices, and a great deal of natural wood, planting, and policy. 1775 G. White Let. 9 Mar. in (1789) 108 Lord Breadalbane's seat and beautiful policy are too curious and extraordinary to be omitted. 1842 J. Wilson I. 359 The gravel-walks of our Policy. 1883 15 Nov. 9/1 The Prince of Wales went out yesterday with Lord Fife and party, and enjoyed some splendid shooting in the policies. 1907 22 Jan. 1/3 It is surrounded by richly timbered policies, and from ‘The View’ in the grounds there is an exhilarating prospect of the Forth and Arthur's Seat. 1993 J. Foster in J. M. Fladmark ix. 114 Since 1969, the Culzean policies have also been a Country Park, the first to be established in Scotland. the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > [noun] the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [noun] > good manners or polite behaviour > polish or refinement of manners the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [noun] > good manners or polite behaviour > polish or refinement of manners > polishing of manners a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1959) viii. vi. 141 With ane kynd of men..Quhilkis nowder maneris had nor polecy [L. neque mos neque cultus]. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1888) I. 131 His people..alluttirlie rude, and wtout all policie and ornat maneris [L. rudes, nullaque morum elegantia politos]. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1888) I. 160 Plutarchie sa artificiouslie quha could illustir histories, and was sa notable in the policie, dekking, and outset of maneris and honestie [L. historiæ illustrandæ, morumque excolendorum insignis artifex]. 1633 (1870) V. 73/2 And his majestie being movit..with ane earnest love of incres of policie and having thairwith ane speciall regaird to..educatioun. Compounds C1. General attributive (chiefly in sense 4). the mind > will > decision > [noun] > course of action adopted 1902 5 Sept. 7/2 Policy decisions have ever been condemned. 1960 I. Jefferies iv. 66 Their purpose is the application of scientific method to policy decisions. 2003 28 Apr. i. 15/5 No policy decision would be taken about the use of hard shoulders as running lanes until a safety trial..had been ‘thoroughly assessed’. society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > state, government, or parliamentary papers > [noun] > policy document 1935 L. S. Lyon et al. . xxviii. 732 This policy document recommended that the Recovery Administration vigorously study..the problem of standardization, grading, and labeling. 2004 (Nexis) 4 Nov. 7 The formulation of a regional energy plan..would do much to help curb record pollution, according to a policy document to be issued today. society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > a policy > statement of policy 1920 22 Nov. (heading) Harding's play will be followed by flood of policy statements. 1966 N. Nicolson 258 He wrote the main policy-statement of the National Labour Party. 1994 23 Jan. 4/2 Everything from presidential policy statements to TV trivia is racing down the information highway. C2. society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > a policy > making policy > one who makes 1868 18 Mar. 2/2 I don't believe..that a President ought to be setting himself up as a policy-maker. 1941 50 840 In such schools it might eventually come to pass that the principal policy makers and executors of our society and their teachers could be trained as such. 1996 20 July 52/3 The UNDP [sc. United Nations Development Programme] report says that ‘international policymakers need to question whether that optimism is warranted’. society > authority > rule or government > politics > [adjective] > making policy society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > a policy > making policy 1887 2 212 Speaking only of that President of the Union who was to share the legislative and policy-making function of government. 1943 J. S. Huxley xix. 137 The Board was always a policy-making body. 1976 21 May 4/1 Mr. Len Murray..told the policy-making conference of the Society of Graphical and Allied Trades that the T.U.C. would expect the Government to take action. 1990 5 Feb. 12/1 This kind of policymaking will very likely result in continued smooth sailing. society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > a policy > policy science 1950 21 415 The relation of ethics to the social and policy sciences. 1964 I. L. Horowitz 30 Sociology cannot be a ‘policy science’ until and unless there is a sociology of ethics. 1977 Summer 59 It should move away from the contemporary, toward the past;..away from the impossible quest for stability; from the glide into policy science. 1994 Mar. 281/3 (advt.) Our eclectic classification system reflects the complexity of sociology and the policy sciences. 1949 D. Lerner xi. 318 Now, therefore, is the time for policy scientists to grapple with these problems of policy and propaganda. 1993 A. Toffler & H. Toffler xxv. 250 More and more players on the world stage take on the characteristics of what Yehezkel Dror, a brilliant Israeli policy scientist, once called ‘crazy states’. 1984 29 Oct. 16/2 Mondale's passionate attachment to the issue reflects his thralldom to the policy wonks and wise men of the Washington establishment. 2003 18 Dec. i. 10/2 Accusations that he has hired 47,000 more target setters, inspectors, regulators and policy wonks. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). policyn.2 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French police. Etymology: < Middle French, French †police written proof, certificate (1371), documentary evidence (a1622), promissory note (1643), probably < Old Occitan polissia (1372), policia (1411; Occitan políssia , poliça ) deed, receipt, rules, public administration, variants (see below) of podisa receipt (1407), variant (with absorption of the a- into a preceding definite article) of apodisa receipt (compare Old French apodixe explanation, demonstration (13th cent. in an isolated attestation)) < post-classical Latin apodissa , apodixa a receipt or security for money paid (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources) < Byzantine Greek ἀπόδειξις receipt, specific use of ancient Greek ἀπόδειξις demonstration, evidence, proof (see apodixis n.). Compare Italian apodissa , appodissa (1357), Italian polizza receipt, promissory note, contract, small piece of paper (1290 as pollizza ; also poliza , polizia (14th cent.)), Spanish póliza (1540; < Italian), Portuguese †police (16th cent.; probably < French), apólice (alteration of police , with attraction of a- from the preceding feminine definite article). In sense 2 apparently after Italian polizza.The change of d to l in Old Occitan (or perhaps originally in Italian) has been variously explained: it perhaps results from association with post-classical Latin polyptychum account book, register (see polyptych n.2); alternatively, it could ultimately reflect a variant pronunciation of Byzantine Greek ἀπόδειξις with dental fricative pronunciation of δ . It is uncertain whether the β forms reflect alteration of the ending by analogy with the correspondence in sense of policy n.1 with French police police n., or whether they show the influence of the Old Occitan or Italian forms. 1. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > insurance policy 1565 in R. G. Marsden (1897) II. 56 Any order made..agaynst the tenor of this present Police of Assuraunce. 1574–5 in R. H. Tawney & E. Power (1924) II. 246 The makinge and regestringe of all pollecys and instruments of assuraunce. 1601 c. 12 By meanes of which Policies of Assurance it commeth to passe, vpon the losse or perishing of any ship, there [etc.]. 1641 (new ed.) f. 219 Policy of Assurance is a course taken by Merchants for the assuring of their adventures upon the sea. 1681 No. 1668/4 That all Persons that Insure their Houses shall have liberty till the First of January 1682, to bring back their Policies, and the Insurers will oblige Themselves and their Security by Indenture on their Policies, to accept of a Surrender, and repay their Premium. 1710 No. 241. ⁋2 In all the Offices where Policies are drawn upon Lives. 1748 B. Franklin Let. 27 Jan. in (1905) II. 360 I have not insured for anybody... I will send the policy, that you may see it. 1828 N. Webster at Policy Wagering policies, which insure sums of money, interest or no interest, are illegal. 1848 J. Arnould I. i. ii. 17–19 A wager policy is one which shows on the face of it, that the contract it embodies is not really an insurance, but a wager... An open policy is one in which the value of the subject insured..is left to be estimated in case of loss... A time policy is one in which the limits of the risk are designated only by certain fixed periods of time. 1902 R. G. Marsden in 16 83 A policy of 1545 is the earliest known example of a policy entered into in England. It is a remarkable document, the body of it being in Italian, and the subscriptions in English. 1973 C. Sagan (1974) xxv. 184 Lloyd's of London, which insures against the most implausible contingencies, declined to write such a policy. 1991 Mar. 134/2 Insurance companies can limit cover any way they want—it's up to you to buy another policy if you don't like what's on offer. society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > promissory notes or bills of exchange > [noun] > other promissory notes or bills 1623 J. Webster iii. ii. sig. Fi Ile fetch..a policy for a hundred double duckets. 1709 R. Steele No. 124. ⁋1 If any Plumb in the City will lay me an Hundred and Fifty Thousand Pounds to Twenty Shillings..that I am not this fortunate Man, I will take the Wager..having given Orders to Mr. Morphew to subscribe such a Policy in my Behalf, if any Person accepts of the Offer. 1832 J. Taylor I. 338 Policies were opened to ascertain his sex, while he appeared in male and female attire. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > betting on lotteries > [noun] 1830 26 Aug. 3/2 (advt.) To Adventurers and the Public. Policy Certificates, in the greatest variety, Whole and Shares, Constantly for Sale. 1879 H. E. Sickels 29 64 He testified that he paid to the defendant, at different times, sums amounting to $3,601.08 for tickets in a Kentucky lottery and in ‘playing policy’, as it is called. 1890 J. A. Riis (1891) xiii. 155 The game of policy is a kind of unlawful penny lottery. 1944 June 189/2 He even tried writing policy, but the players didn't like him. He couldn't shop the proper degree of sympathy when someone played 341 and 342 came out. 1968 P. Oliver 133 During the Depression..many impoverished Negroes wrote policy in the hopes of winning sufficient to feed their families. 1991 L. Sante ii. iv. 154 Policy, which is to say, a system of wagering on figures that most often represented combinations derived from the numbers of winning lottery tickets, existed in the eighteenth century. society > law > legal document > authenticating document > [noun] > voucher the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > expression of choice by some approved method > [noun] > means of signifying choice > voting-paper 1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti iii. ii. 261 In this Scrutiny, all the Cardinals put in their Polizys open. 1670 G. Havers tr. G. Leti iii. ii. 285 Each of the Cardinals orders his Conclavist to bring him a Polizy, or Ticket of the vote he desires to give in the morning. 1675 H. Neville tr. N. Machiavelli State France in 259 Having received a new policy from three months to three months, the Pensioners..go then to the Receivers. Phrases1806 J. Kent in G. Caines 3 144 This must be considered in the light of a wager policy. The words ‘Policy to be proof of interest’ are not considered as being of themselves evidence of a wager-policy.] 1848 J. I. Clark Hare & H. B. Wallace II. Index 576/2 ‘Interest or no interest’, ‘carried or not carried’, ‘policy proof of interest’. 1855 J. Duer 2 205 The policy also provided and declared ‘that the said freights, hereby insured, are valued at $10,000, carried or not carried, earned or not earned; policy proof of interest’. 1908 16 Dec. 7/3 Measures..to prevent marine insurance policies of the ‘P.P.I.’ (policy proof of interest) class from being taken out by people who have no interest in the ships concerned beyond a desire to gamble in the risk of a ship being lost. 1922 26 June 12/3 Another case in which policy proof of interest insurances were concerned has been before the Courts. 2008 39 94 It would not be wise to abolish ‘policy proof of interest’ policies, for they are very popular and continue to be effected. Compounds C1. a. (In sense 1a.) 1858 P. L. Simmonds 295/1 Policy-book, a book kept in an insurance office for making entries of policies granted. ?1720 (Soc. of Mines-Royal) 1 A great Part of the Business [sc. of private insurance] is often enterprized by Men of Small Substance, known scarce to any but their (common Vouchees) the Office-Keepers, or Policy-Brokers. 1864 II. 1069/1 She married Tom Holloway, the Policy Broker, and I wished him joy. 1906 1 July (Worker's Mag. section) 6/6 When he gets so hard up that he cannot continue payments on his policy,..he can go to a policy broker and turn his contract into cash. 2005 (Nexis) 17 June A 30-year-old nonsmoker here pays a monthly average of $146.28 for a standard health insurance plan, according to..an Internet-based policy broker. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > betting on lotteries > [noun] 1804 17 Mar. 2/5 R——..obtained from Mr. Bennett the key of the New Committee Room, under pretence of settling a policy business. 1844 G. Wilkes 52/2 He is an old offender in the policy business. 2003 (Nexis) 26 Nov. 18 (headline) NAC reaps benefits of campaign as policy business swells income. society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > one who insures (himself) > holder of insurance policy 1818 1 Dec. 1/1 (advt.) It is provided that no personal responsibility shall attach to the policy holders. 1906 (Weekly ed.) 31 Aug. 549/4 Three leading American insurance companies will discontinue granting rebates on the annual premium to British policy-holders on account of British income-tax. 1915 4 214 We agents think the Security Mutual's chinchy but I reckon it's a good thing for the policy holders. 1992 29 Feb. 16/2 If policyholders ever doubt Lloyd's ability to settle claims, their business will soon go elsewhere. b. (In sense 1c.) 1882 29 Nov. 2/4 The Supreme Court has reversed the decision legalizing the Vincennes lottery, which has been operated for more than a year as a policy game. 1934 30 Apr. 6/5 Skilled investigators have revealed that the slot machines and the policy games take $2,000,000 out of Richmond each year. 1997 22 June 24/5 Black neighborhoods may prefer to bet Pick 3 because it is virtually identical to the ‘policy game’. 1847 C. White (title) The policy players. An Ethiopian sketch. 1901 E. Harrigan 65 A policy player's chances are a hundred to one against him. 2001 (Nexis) 20 May 31 Meanwhile, to be sure, Dutch Schultz was raking in millions from the city's two-bit policy players. 1855 6 Feb. 6/6 In the Assembly at Albany a bill had been introduced for the suppression of gambling, particularly policy playing. 1949 24 190 In the early days policy playing was associated with the regular number lotteries, being a device whereby people unable to afford a regular lottery ticket could wager small amounts on the outcome of the drawing. 1930 31 Dec. 1/7 The big business men of the policy racket..left for their homes Wednesday after a two-day conference to reorganize the 58,000,000 a week game. 1989 E. L. Doctorow i. iv. 52 I had..come..up the stairs and run cupcakes through a steel door and under the eyes of one of the deadliest gunmen in New York right into the heart of Mr. Schultz's policy racket. C2. society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > folk music > [noun] > blues 1928 J. Jackson (title of song) Policy Blues. 1968 P. Oliver iv. 134 Reflecting the popularity of the numbers game were innumerable policy blues. 1995 (Nexis) Oct. 39 Bertrand, Dodds, and Blake were also teamed on ‘Elzadie's Policy Blues’. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > betting on lotteries > [noun] > slip 1830 [see sense 1c]. 1931 9 Mar. 20/4 At the end of this time if premiums remain unpaid a free policy certificate is delivered to the policyholder. 2003 (Nexis) 7 Dec. (Money section) 2 The policy certificate says you became a member of a group life assurance scheme. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > betting on lotteries > [noun] > organizers 1894 30 May 2/8 (headline) The Alexandria policy king finally arrested. 1895 (N.Y. State Senate Comm.) I. 36 Certain favored individuals known as ‘policy kings’, who backed with capital and ran the shops in the particular districts assigned to them. 1949 15 Jan. 21/1 Thousands of other suckers..are not only making millionaires out of a few dozen policy kings, they also pay for the corruption of many police officials. 2003 (Nexis) 12 Sept. 2 c In the 1950s the Outfit moved in on the black policy rackets—the street lottery—and tried to kidnap policy king Theodore Roe. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > betting on lotteries > [noun] > place for betting 1843 J. H. Greene 283 These swindling shops are numerous, and are sometimes called policy offices. 1895 (N.Y. State Senate Comm.) V. 5591 I swear here I closed up every disorderly-house, every gambling-house, and policy office, and every slide and dives in the precinct. 1938 23 Aug. 4/2 Any time you had a vivid dream you would hustle down to the nearest policy office and consult the dream book. 1693 N. Luttrell Diary in (1857) III. 17 Grand jury of London..presented the policy officers about wagers. 1926 C. Jackson Four-Eleven-Forty-Four (song) in P. Oliver (1968) iv. 130 I looked in my purse t'see if I had a little dough, So I could policy play 4-11-44. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > betting on lotteries > [noun] > place for betting 1846 31 Oct. 60/2 We call the attention of the members of the grand jury..to ..the operations of James T. Bache's policy shop, under Howard's Hotel, two doors from Maiden Lane. 1903 3 Nov. 5/3 He..has closed every gambling-den, pool-room, disorderly house and policy-shop that the extreme of vigilance could discover. 1990 J. Mushkat xi. 179 Internal revenue agents pressed Ben Wood for $30,000 in back taxes on his lottery ‘policy shops’. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > betting on lotteries > [noun] > slip 1853 12 Sept. 1/6 The body was much decomposed. In the vest pocket a trunk key was found and a lottery policy slip.] 1854 13 Mar. 4/4 There are to-day some dozen men under arrest for selling ‘policy slips’, principally to poor children, of 8 and 10 years of age. 1890 Policy-slip, the ticket given on a stake of money at a policy-shop. 1934 30 Apr. 6/5 The second fact can be done away with by making it a criminal offense to sell policy slips to minors. 1985 N. Pileggi 21 Pretty soon I was delivering policy slips to apartments and houses all over the neighborhood. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > betting on lotteries > [noun] > revolving drum 1893 24 Mar. 1/4 (headline) The policy wheel captured. 1897 10 Mar. 1/6 In the room the police seized a $250 policy wheel, together with the numbers, policy slips, blackboard record and rubber printing paraphernalia. 1968 1 Sept. 13/6 An excursion into the cabalistic number symbolism employed by bettors on the ‘policy wheels’—those intricate gambling devices surreptitiously played by millions of Americans. 2000 (Nexis) 21 May 10 c It had its own commercial center..and its own churches, social clubs, illegal gambling (the policy wheel, a forerunner of today's state lottery). society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > betting > betting on lotteries > [noun] > organizers 1873 16 Dec. 8/1 The prisoners, who are all policy writers and backers, were brought before Judge Bixby, at the Tombs. 1895 (N.Y. State Senate Comm.) II. 2416 Everybody has a dream, and next morning they come in and tell them to the policy writer, and the policy writer gives them a gig for it. 1949 15 Jan. 21/2 In Detroit, one auto-plant policy writer explained to me, ‘I been in this racket for twenny years.’ 2003 (Nexis) 18 A policy writer would make the rounds with his ticket book equipped with carbons to take bets from customers who would pick from 78 numbers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † policyv.1Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French police. Etymology: < Middle French police written proof, certificate (see policy n.2). Compare later policy n.2 Compare also policier n.1 Obsolete. rare. society > law > legal document > authenticating document > attest by certificate [verb (transitive)] > furnish with certificate a1500 in R. R. Sharpe (1902) D. 196 The Office of Garbeler and pollicier of wex wt in the Citee of London... And after that ye have garbeled any bale or merchandises, ye shall mark and signe the same bale by you garbeled, and wex by you pollicied, wt a mark to thentent that the common weyer may have knowlege therof. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online December 2020). † policyv.2Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French policier. Etymology: < Middle French policier to govern, administer, control (1540 as past participle policié ) < policie policy n.1 Compare police v. 2. Obsolete. society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > a or the government > steer ship of state [verb (transitive)] > organize or regulate state 1565 T. Smith Let. May in J. A. Froude (1863) VIII. i. viii. 165 There is no realm in Christendom better governed, better policied. 1646 Sir T. Browne vi. vi. 302 Canaan and Ægypt;..which he found well peopled and policied into Kingdomes. View more context for this quotation 1788 J. Priestley v. xliv. 324 We are not..to consider all countries as barbarous that are not policied as ours. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2020). † policyv.3 Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: policy n.2 U.S. slang. Obsolete. 1857 A. J. H. Duganne xix. 240 ‘Some folks thought she had money saved, but I never could discover any. Drank a good deal, and policied.’ ‘She bought tickets in the lottery, you mean, Ferret.’ 1872 J. D. McCabe 728 You can take any three numbers of the seventy-eight, and bet, or ‘policy’ on them. 1889 J. S. Farmer 429/2 To Policy, to gamble with the numbers of lottery tickets. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online September 2018). <  n.1c1390 n.21565 v.1a1500v.21565 v.31857 |
