polygraphicadj.n.

Brit.

/ˌpɒlɪˈɡrafɪk/, U.S.

/ˌpɑliˈɡræfɪk/

Forms: 1700s polygraphick, 1700s– polygraphic.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Greek πολυγράϕος , -ic suffix; polygraphy n., -ic suffix; polygraph n., -ic suffix.

Etymology: Partly < Hellenistic Greek πολυγράϕος (adjective) writing much (see polygraph n.) + -ic suffix (compare post-classical Latin polygraphicus (of a book) dealing with many subjects (1735 or earlier: compare quot. 1735 at sense A. 1)), partly < polygraphy n. + -ic suffix, and partly (in sense A. 4) < polygraph n. (see sense 3 at that entry) + -ic suffix. With sense A. 2b and use as noun compare slightly earlier polygraph n. 1. Compare French polygraphique (1561 in an apparently isolated attestation in Middle French in sense A. 3; 1736 as †poligraphique , and subsequently from 1869, in sense A. 1; now chiefly in sense ‘of or relating to printing’ (1894 or earlier in this sense; compare sense A. 2a)), Italian poligrafico of or relating to printing (1812). Compare earlier polygraphical adj.It is unclear whether the following earlier quot. shows a post-classical Latin or English word:1672 (title) Polygraphice; or The art of drawing, engraving etc.

A. adj.

1. Of a person: writing much, prolific. Of a book, etc.: voluminous, copious; comprising several works; dealing with many subjects. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > writer or author > [adjective] > writing much or on many subjects

voluminous1611

polygraphic1735

omniscriptive1821

pangraphic1821

multo-scribbling1822

omniscribent1891

proliferous1959

1735 J. Barrow (title) Dictionarium Polygraphicum: Or, The Whole Body of Arts Regularly Digested. [heading of text] The Polygraphick Dictionary.

1807 tr. C. A. G. Goede Stranger in Eng. II. 131 The polygraphic Nicolls has contrived to swell his work into 20 volumes.

1876 C. A. Cutter Rules Dict. Catal. in Public Libraries U.S.A.: Special Rep.: Pt. II (Dept. Interior, Bureau Educ.) 14 It will be well to have both words,—polygraphic denoting (as now) collections of several works by one or many authors, polytopical denoting works on many subjects.

1914 Publ. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 14 30 Its spokesman, the polygraphic Professor Edwards of Andover Theological Seminary, had defined statistics as [etc.].

1952 C. F. Mayer in G. Sarton Hist. Sci. xx. 246 A generic name commonly associated with a serial polygraphic publication.

a. Of or relating to the copying of pictures, writing, etc., by means of a mechanical or chemical process (cf. polygraph n. 2); produced using such means.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > [adjective] > of or relating to copying apparatus > which copies pictures

polygraphic?1787

society > communication > representation > [adjective] > of or relating to copying apparatus > which copies writing

polygraphical1588

polygraphic1828

?1787 J. Booth (title) An address to the public, on the polygraphic art, or the copying or multiplying pictures, in oil colours, by a chymical and mechanical process.

1828 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. III. ix. 203 Polygraphic transparencies..to be had for next to nothing.

1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 189/2 Place a sheet of damped polygraphic paper on each page.

1909 Westm. Gaz. 26 Aug. 9/2 Polygraphic trades, including printing.

1961 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 55 454 In 1949 [in Poland] printing and polygraphic enterprises..were subjected to a stringent licensing system.

2001 Econ. News (Nexis) 13 July It was a significant event for polygraphic workers and journalists of the whole Kemerovo region.

†b. figurative. Of a person: that copies or very closely resembles another. Cf. slightly earlier sense B., and polygraph n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [adjective] > reproducing or repeating in a copy

duplicating1659

repetitious1757

facsimile1767

replicating1769

polygraphic1805

duplicate1812

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [adjective] > that is a copy > exact or accurate

justc1425

expressa1535

polygraphic1805

spitten1878

autotypic1883

1805 H. Lee Canterbury Tales V. 400 A sort of polygraphic copy of a man, that might be seen in some corner of almost every collection in London.

1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. v. 105 He began to doubt whether the Lady Penelope and her maidens..were not..actually polygraphic copies of the same individuals.

3. Of or relating to polygraphy (polygraphy n. 1). Chiefly historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > system of writing > [adjective] > disguised or secret

polygraphical1588

polygraphic1823

1823 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 2nd Ser. III. 5 This ingenious abbot's [sc. Trithemius's] polygraphic attempts at secret writing.

1985 D. E. Mungello Curious Land (1989) vi. 186 A non alphabetic language which..attempted to blend hieroglyphic and polygraphic communication.

4. Of, relating to, or involving a lie detector or polygraph (polygraph n. 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > specific measuring or recording > [adjective]

cardiographic1863

myographic1867

sphygmographic1867

polygraphic1871

cardiometrical1874

stethometric1876

plethysmographic1884

cyrtometric1885

haemautographic1885

spirometric1887

spirometrical1887

pneumographic1888

paedometric1889

myographical1890

stethographic1890

phlebographic1893

cephalometrical1895

oncometric1897

sphygmometric1898

sphygmomanometric1902

electrocardiographic1909

electrographic1909

cystometric1927

oscillometric1927

pneumotachographic1928

phonocardiographic1931

cephalometric1935

electroencephalographic1936

ballistocardiographic1939

phonocardiographical1943

spirographic1946

electronystagmographic1956

magnetocardiographic1970

tympanometric1970

magnetoencephalographic1976

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [adjective] > relating to polygraphy

polygraphic1871

1871 Lancet 25 Nov. 741/2 When the capsule is pressed firmly upon the skin, the interior of the instrument is converted into a closed chamber, and every shock of the heart expels air out of the chamber into the polygraphic tambour.

1927 Welfare Mag. May 667/1 The exact value of this deception technique can only be determined by..the study of all possible types of pathology associated with polygraphic reactions.

1954 Reporter (N.Y.) 8 June 13/2 The fear of being found out and/or conscious efforts to deceive are the main causes of significant reactions in polygraphic tests of deception.

1998 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 353 1149/2 A major problem in evaluating the studies in birds and reptiles is the identification of REM sleep from polygraphic measures.

5. Involving or relating to a group of two or more letters; (Cryptography) designating a code in which the letters of the plain text are enciphered or deciphered two or more at a time. Cf. polygraph n. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > code, cipher > [adjective] > particular code

polygraphic1878

monoalphabetic1923

polyalphabetic1927

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > code, cipher > [adjective] > of the nature of cryptography

polygraphical1588

steganographical1588

cryptographical1653

cryptographal1663

cryptographic1790

cryptological1868

polygraphic1878

cryptologic1899

1878 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 1 86 Its Icon or linkage exponent will be in general polygraphic, and each phase will have its own appropriate graph.

1929 Amer. Math. Monthly 36 312 If polygraphic ciphers based upon normal transformations (linear ciphers) prove to be of real interest, we shall indicate a surprising way in which these ciphers may be manipulated easily and quickly.

1967 D. Kahn Codebreakers xiii. 406 Such a system is genuinely polygraphic, and its cryptographic security is substantial.

1997 I. Berent in C. A. Perfetti et al. Learning to Spell xi. 199 The representation of these consonant phonemes in Hebrew is polygraphic.

†B. n.

A person who imitates or very closely resembles another. Cf. sense A. 2b, and polygraph n. 1. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > one who or that which imitates

followera1398

imitator1523

counterfeiter1526

counterfeitress1577

ape1594

imitatrix1606

emulator1652

figurer1665

mime1677

copier1679

copist1682

mimicker1693

copyist1756

mimic1791

polygraph1794

polygraphic1797

polygrapher1810

echoer1823

imitatressa1834

me-too1886

copycat1896

1797 M. Robinson Walsingham II. 100 ‘I shall leave Bath to-morrow’, cried the polygraphic of Narcissus.

Derivatives

polyˈgraphically adv. by means of a lie detector or polygraph (polygraph n. 3).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > specific measuring or recording > [adverb]

sphygmographically1867

polygraphically1911

phonocardiographically1933

pneumographically1950

spirographically1959

electronystagmographically1967

1911 T. Lewis Mechanism of Heart Beat v. 45 (caption) An irregularity due to premature contractions arising in the ventricle (the actual events were determined polygraphically).

1970 Psychophysiology 7 323/1 Plasma samples were obtained from 4 infants during four behavioral states..monitored polygraphically.

1996 Nature 12 Sept. 163/2 This study..took place over 3 polygraphically monitored nights spent on a scanner couch.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	polygraphic
释义	polygraphicadj.n. Brit. /ˌpɒlɪˈɡrafɪk/, U.S. /ˌpɑliˈɡræfɪk/ Forms: 1700s polygraphick, 1700s– polygraphic. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Greek πολυγράϕος , -ic suffix; polygraphy n., -ic suffix; polygraph n., -ic suffix. Etymology: Partly < Hellenistic Greek πολυγράϕος (adjective) writing much (see polygraph n.) + -ic suffix (compare post-classical Latin polygraphicus (of a book) dealing with many subjects (1735 or earlier: compare quot. 1735 at sense A. 1)), partly < polygraphy n. + -ic suffix, and partly (in sense A. 4) < polygraph n. (see sense 3 at that entry) + -ic suffix. With sense A. 2b and use as noun compare slightly earlier polygraph n. 1. Compare French polygraphique (1561 in an apparently isolated attestation in Middle French in sense A. 3; 1736 as †poligraphique , and subsequently from 1869, in sense A. 1; now chiefly in sense ‘of or relating to printing’ (1894 or earlier in this sense; compare sense A. 2a)), Italian poligrafico of or relating to printing (1812). Compare earlier polygraphical adj.It is unclear whether the following earlier quot. shows a post-classical Latin or English word:1672 (title) Polygraphice; or The art of drawing, engraving etc. A. adj. 1. Of a person: writing much, prolific. Of a book, etc.: voluminous, copious; comprising several works; dealing with many subjects. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > writer or author > [adjective] > writing much or on many subjects voluminous1611 polygraphic1735 omniscriptive1821 pangraphic1821 multo-scribbling1822 omniscribent1891 proliferous1959 1735 J. Barrow (title) Dictionarium Polygraphicum: Or, The Whole Body of Arts Regularly Digested. [heading of text] The Polygraphick Dictionary. 1807 tr. C. A. G. Goede Stranger in Eng. II. 131 The polygraphic Nicolls has contrived to swell his work into 20 volumes. 1876 C. A. Cutter Rules Dict. Catal. in Public Libraries U.S.A.: Special Rep.: Pt. II (Dept. Interior, Bureau Educ.) 14 It will be well to have both words,—polygraphic denoting (as now) collections of several works by one or many authors, polytopical denoting works on many subjects. 1914 Publ. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 14 30 Its spokesman, the polygraphic Professor Edwards of Andover Theological Seminary, had defined statistics as [etc.]. 1952 C. F. Mayer in G. Sarton Hist. Sci. xx. 246 A generic name commonly associated with a serial polygraphic publication. 2. a. Of or relating to the copying of pictures, writing, etc., by means of a mechanical or chemical process (cf. polygraph n. 2); produced using such means. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > [adjective] > of or relating to copying apparatus > which copies pictures polygraphic?1787 society > communication > representation > [adjective] > of or relating to copying apparatus > which copies writing polygraphical1588 polygraphic1828 ?1787 J. Booth (title) An address to the public, on the polygraphic art, or the copying or multiplying pictures, in oil colours, by a chymical and mechanical process. 1828 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. III. ix. 203 Polygraphic transparencies..to be had for next to nothing. 1883 R. Haldane Workshop Receipts 2nd Ser. 189/2 Place a sheet of damped polygraphic paper on each page. 1909 Westm. Gaz. 26 Aug. 9/2 Polygraphic trades, including printing. 1961 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 55 454 In 1949 [in Poland] printing and polygraphic enterprises..were subjected to a stringent licensing system. 2001 Econ. News (Nexis) 13 July It was a significant event for polygraphic workers and journalists of the whole Kemerovo region. †b. figurative. Of a person: that copies or very closely resembles another. Cf. slightly earlier sense B., and polygraph n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [adjective] > reproducing or repeating in a copy duplicating1659 repetitious1757 facsimile1767 replicating1769 polygraphic1805 duplicate1812 the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [adjective] > that is a copy > exact or accurate justc1425 expressa1535 polygraphic1805 spitten1878 autotypic1883 1805 H. Lee Canterbury Tales V. 400 A sort of polygraphic copy of a man, that might be seen in some corner of almost every collection in London. 1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well I. v. 105 He began to doubt whether the Lady Penelope and her maidens..were not..actually polygraphic copies of the same individuals. 3. Of or relating to polygraphy (polygraphy n. 1). Chiefly historical. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > system of writing > [adjective] > disguised or secret polygraphical1588 polygraphic1823 1823 I. D'Israeli Curiosities of Lit. 2nd Ser. III. 5 This ingenious abbot's [sc. Trithemius's] polygraphic attempts at secret writing. 1985 D. E. Mungello Curious Land (1989) vi. 186 A non alphabetic language which..attempted to blend hieroglyphic and polygraphic communication. 4. Of, relating to, or involving a lie detector or polygraph (polygraph n. 3). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > specific measuring or recording > [adjective] cardiographic1863 myographic1867 sphygmographic1867 polygraphic1871 cardiometrical1874 stethometric1876 plethysmographic1884 cyrtometric1885 haemautographic1885 spirometric1887 spirometrical1887 pneumographic1888 paedometric1889 myographical1890 stethographic1890 phlebographic1893 cephalometrical1895 oncometric1897 sphygmometric1898 sphygmomanometric1902 electrocardiographic1909 electrographic1909 cystometric1927 oscillometric1927 pneumotachographic1928 phonocardiographic1931 cephalometric1935 electroencephalographic1936 ballistocardiographic1939 phonocardiographical1943 spirographic1946 electronystagmographic1956 magnetocardiographic1970 tympanometric1970 magnetoencephalographic1976 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > [adjective] > relating to polygraphy polygraphic1871 1871 Lancet 25 Nov. 741/2 When the capsule is pressed firmly upon the skin, the interior of the instrument is converted into a closed chamber, and every shock of the heart expels air out of the chamber into the polygraphic tambour. 1927 Welfare Mag. May 667/1 The exact value of this deception technique can only be determined by..the study of all possible types of pathology associated with polygraphic reactions. 1954 Reporter (N.Y.) 8 June 13/2 The fear of being found out and/or conscious efforts to deceive are the main causes of significant reactions in polygraphic tests of deception. 1998 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 353 1149/2 A major problem in evaluating the studies in birds and reptiles is the identification of REM sleep from polygraphic measures. 5. Involving or relating to a group of two or more letters; (Cryptography) designating a code in which the letters of the plain text are enciphered or deciphered two or more at a time. Cf. polygraph n. 6. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > code, cipher > [adjective] > particular code polygraphic1878 monoalphabetic1923 polyalphabetic1927 the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > secrecy, concealment > code, cipher > [adjective] > of the nature of cryptography polygraphical1588 steganographical1588 cryptographical1653 cryptographal1663 cryptographic1790 cryptological1868 polygraphic1878 cryptologic1899 1878 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 1 86 Its Icon or linkage exponent will be in general polygraphic, and each phase will have its own appropriate graph. 1929 Amer. Math. Monthly 36 312 If polygraphic ciphers based upon normal transformations (linear ciphers) prove to be of real interest, we shall indicate a surprising way in which these ciphers may be manipulated easily and quickly. 1967 D. Kahn Codebreakers xiii. 406 Such a system is genuinely polygraphic, and its cryptographic security is substantial. 1997 I. Berent in C. A. Perfetti et al. Learning to Spell xi. 199 The representation of these consonant phonemes in Hebrew is polygraphic. †B. n. A person who imitates or very closely resembles another. Cf. sense A. 2b, and polygraph n. 1. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > one who or that which imitates followera1398 imitator1523 counterfeiter1526 counterfeitress1577 ape1594 imitatrix1606 emulator1652 figurer1665 mime1677 copier1679 copist1682 mimicker1693 copyist1756 mimic1791 polygraph1794 polygraphic1797 polygrapher1810 echoer1823 imitatressa1834 me-too1886 copycat1896 1797 M. Robinson Walsingham II. 100 ‘I shall leave Bath to-morrow’, cried the polygraphic of Narcissus. Derivatives polyˈgraphically adv. by means of a lie detector or polygraph (polygraph n. 3). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > specific measuring or recording > [adverb] sphygmographically1867 polygraphically1911 phonocardiographically1933 pneumographically1950 spirographically1959 electronystagmographically1967 1911 T. Lewis Mechanism of Heart Beat v. 45 (caption) An irregularity due to premature contractions arising in the ventricle (the actual events were determined polygraphically). 1970 Psychophysiology 7 323/1 Plasma samples were obtained from 4 infants during four behavioral states..monitored polygraphically. 1996 Nature 12 Sept. 163/2 This study..took place over 3 polygraphically monitored nights spent on a scanner couch. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1735
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