polytomousadj.

Brit.

/pəˈlɪtəməs/, U.S.

/pəˈlɪdəməs/

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with English elements. Etymons: poly- comb. form, Greek -τόμος , -ous suffix.

Etymology: < poly- comb. form + ancient Greek -τόμος (see -tome comb. form) + -ous suffix. In sense 3b after German polytomisch ( W. Hennig Grundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik (1950) 32). Compare earlier polytomy n. and dichotomous adj.

1. Logic and Statistics. Divided into several (usually three or more) groups or subsets; (in later use) involving or relating to a categorical variable that can take any of three or more values. rare before 20th cent.

ΚΠ

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) IV. xxv. 30 The division may be not only dichotomous but polytomous, as for example,—angles are right, or acute, or obtuse.

1959 Biometrics 15 303 Dichotomous sorting is a special case of polytomous sorting.

1963 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 58 332 If an individual is chosen at random from the fixed triply polytomous population of interest, the probability that he will simultaneously fall in the categories A_a, B_b, and C_c is ρ_abc.

1980 J. Steiner & R. H. Dorff Theory Polit. Decision Modes vii. 122 The purely categorical nature of our dependent variable (as well as its polytomous form) makes ols and probit estimation techniques untenable.

2000 S. E. Embretson & S. P. Reise Item Response Theory for Psychologists vii. 185 The basic logic of item and test information can be extended to the case of polytomous response formats.

2. Botany. Of a simple leaf: cleft or partite; esp. pinnatifid, pinnatipartite, or pinnatisect. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [adjective] > compound or lobed

cut1565

winged1668

pinnate1687

conjugated1690

trifoliated1698

auriculated1712

auriculate1714

pennate1723

pinnated1725

pennated1727

bigeminate1753

lyrated1753

pedated1753

pinnatifid1753

supradecomposite1753

supradecompound1753

ternated1753

trifoliate1753

lyrate1760

pedate1760

quinate1760

ternate1760

tripinnate1760

palmed1767

bilobated1770

lyre-shaped1778

pennatifid1778

finger-parted1783

superdecompound1783

bipinnate1785

biternate1785

conjugate1785

lobed1787

tergeminate1793

wing-cleft1796

yoked?1803

binate1807

septenate1807

trijugous1813

auricled1821

pinniform1821

multijugous1828

pinnulate1828

trifoliolate1828

bipinnatifid1830

multifoliolate1831

multijugate1831

quinquefoliolate1832

bifoliolate1835

pinnatisected1837

palmatifid1839

tripinnatifid1839

foliate1840

palmatipartite1840

pinnatilobate1840

pinnatipartite1840

pinnatisect1840

bipinnated1842

biconjugate1847

imparipinnate1847

paripinnate1851

pinnatulate1855

polytomous1856

multifoliate1857

pennati-partite1857

pennati-sected1857

ternato-pinnate1857

tripinnatisect1857

patentoternate1859

septemfoliate1859

bipinnatipartite1861

bipinnatisected1861

bipalmate1864

pinnatilobed1866

septenous1866

cut-leaved1870

lobing1870

ternatisect1870

tripinnated1876

trijugate1880

jugate1887

pinnulated1890

trisect1899

tridigitate1900

trigeminous1900

1856 J. S. Henslow Dict. Bot. Terms 143 Polytomous, where the limb of a leaf is distinctly subdivided into many subordinate parts, but these are not joined to the petiole, and therefore not true leaflets, and the leaf itself not compound.

1902 New Phytologist 1 118 Leaves polytomous, with fertile portions lateral.

3. Characterized by or designating branch points or nodes from which three or more branches diverge.

a. Biology. Of physical structures.

ΚΠ

1900 Amer. Naturalist 34 65 (heading) Polytomous nerve fibres.

1901 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28 323 Coronal processes..each bearing two caducous polytomous branches.

1999 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 86 179 (caption) The thallus with sparse cover by algae appeared to have..changes in inclination of growth plane and anisotomic or polytomous branching.

b. Taxonomy. Of diagrams and mental constructs.

ΚΠ

1966 D. D. Davies & R. Zangerl tr. W. Hennig Phylogenetic Systematics 214 (caption) Dichotomic differentiation of the lower categories, polytomic of the higher ones.]

1979 Systematic Zool. 28 540/2 [This rule] leads us to replace polytomous cladograms with dichotomous ones.

1993 Systematic Biol. 42 375/2 A polytomous pattern of evolutionary descent as revealed by cladistic analysis.

2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory ix. 821 (caption) If the ancestral form doesn't change throughout its geological range, all descendants must in principle arise at a polytomous junction of a cladogram.

Derivatives

poˈlytomously adv.

ΚΠ

1902 New Phytologist 1 118 Leaves branched dichotomously or polytomously.

1986 Jrnl. Health & Social Behavior 27 214/1 The volume of physician visits (polytomously coded as 1, 2,…12, and 13 or more).

2000 S. E. Embretson & S. P. Reise Item Response Theory for Psychologists vii. 264 Questions with polytomously scored graded response formats.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	polytomous
释义	polytomousadj. Brit. /pəˈlɪtəməs/, U.S. /pəˈlɪdəməs/ Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with English elements. Etymons: poly- comb. form, Greek -τόμος , -ous suffix. Etymology: < poly- comb. form + ancient Greek -τόμος (see -tome comb. form) + -ous suffix. In sense 3b after German polytomisch ( W. Hennig Grundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik (1950) 32). Compare earlier polytomy n. and dichotomous adj. 1. Logic and Statistics. Divided into several (usually three or more) groups or subsets; (in later use) involving or relating to a categorical variable that can take any of three or more values. rare before 20th cent. ΚΠ a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) IV. xxv. 30 The division may be not only dichotomous but polytomous, as for example,—angles are right, or acute, or obtuse. 1959 Biometrics 15 303 Dichotomous sorting is a special case of polytomous sorting. 1963 Jrnl. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 58 332 If an individual is chosen at random from the fixed triply polytomous population of interest, the probability that he will simultaneously fall in the categories A_a, B_b, and C_c is ρ_abc. 1980 J. Steiner & R. H. Dorff Theory Polit. Decision Modes vii. 122 The purely categorical nature of our dependent variable (as well as its polytomous form) makes ols and probit estimation techniques untenable. 2000 S. E. Embretson & S. P. Reise Item Response Theory for Psychologists vii. 185 The basic logic of item and test information can be extended to the case of polytomous response formats. 2. Botany. Of a simple leaf: cleft or partite; esp. pinnatifid, pinnatipartite, or pinnatisect. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > [adjective] > compound or lobed cut1565 winged1668 pinnate1687 conjugated1690 trifoliated1698 auriculated1712 auriculate1714 pennate1723 pinnated1725 pennated1727 bigeminate1753 lyrated1753 pedated1753 pinnatifid1753 supradecomposite1753 supradecompound1753 ternated1753 trifoliate1753 lyrate1760 pedate1760 quinate1760 ternate1760 tripinnate1760 palmed1767 bilobated1770 lyre-shaped1778 pennatifid1778 finger-parted1783 superdecompound1783 bipinnate1785 biternate1785 conjugate1785 lobed1787 tergeminate1793 wing-cleft1796 yoked?1803 binate1807 septenate1807 trijugous1813 auricled1821 pinniform1821 multijugous1828 pinnulate1828 trifoliolate1828 bipinnatifid1830 multifoliolate1831 multijugate1831 quinquefoliolate1832 bifoliolate1835 pinnatisected1837 palmatifid1839 tripinnatifid1839 foliate1840 palmatipartite1840 pinnatilobate1840 pinnatipartite1840 pinnatisect1840 bipinnated1842 biconjugate1847 imparipinnate1847 paripinnate1851 pinnatulate1855 polytomous1856 multifoliate1857 pennati-partite1857 pennati-sected1857 ternato-pinnate1857 tripinnatisect1857 patentoternate1859 septemfoliate1859 bipinnatipartite1861 bipinnatisected1861 bipalmate1864 pinnatilobed1866 septenous1866 cut-leaved1870 lobing1870 ternatisect1870 tripinnated1876 trijugate1880 jugate1887 pinnulated1890 trisect1899 tridigitate1900 trigeminous1900 1856 J. S. Henslow Dict. Bot. Terms 143 Polytomous, where the limb of a leaf is distinctly subdivided into many subordinate parts, but these are not joined to the petiole, and therefore not true leaflets, and the leaf itself not compound. 1902 New Phytologist 1 118 Leaves polytomous, with fertile portions lateral. 3. Characterized by or designating branch points or nodes from which three or more branches diverge. a. Biology. Of physical structures. ΚΠ 1900 Amer. Naturalist 34 65 (heading) Polytomous nerve fibres. 1901 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 28 323 Coronal processes..each bearing two caducous polytomous branches. 1999 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 86 179 (caption) The thallus with sparse cover by algae appeared to have..changes in inclination of growth plane and anisotomic or polytomous branching. b. Taxonomy. Of diagrams and mental constructs. ΚΠ 1966 D. D. Davies & R. Zangerl tr. W. Hennig Phylogenetic Systematics 214 (caption) Dichotomic differentiation of the lower categories, polytomic of the higher ones.] 1979 Systematic Zool. 28 540/2 [This rule] leads us to replace polytomous cladograms with dichotomous ones. 1993 Systematic Biol. 42 375/2 A polytomous pattern of evolutionary descent as revealed by cladistic analysis. 2002 S. J. Gould Struct. Evolutionary Theory ix. 821 (caption) If the ancestral form doesn't change throughout its geological range, all descendants must in principle arise at a polytomous junction of a cladogram. Derivatives poˈlytomously adv. ΚΠ 1902 New Phytologist 1 118 Leaves branched dichotomously or polytomously. 1986 Jrnl. Health & Social Behavior 27 214/1 The volume of physician visits (polytomously coded as 1, 2,…12, and 13 or more). 2000 S. E. Embretson & S. P. Reise Item Response Theory for Psychologists vii. 264 Questions with polytomously scored graded response formats. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.a1856
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