| 释义 |
portraitn.adv.adj. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French portrait, portret. Etymology: < Middle French portrait, portraict, pourtrait, pourtraict, protraict (French portrait) drawing, painting, representation of an object, scene, etc. (c1170 in Old French as portret), likeness (1536), representation of a person made by painting or engraving (1538), statue of a person (1538), representation in speech or writing (1550), use as noun of portrait , past participle of portraire (see portray v.). Compare post-classical Latin protractus copy, model (1518; < classical Latin protract- , past participial stem of protrahere (see protract v.) + -tus , suffix forming verbal nouns). Compare earlier portraiture n., portrait v. A. n. 1. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > [noun] > a picture 1560 in (1898) I. 504 The platforme & portraitt of Holie Iland besyd Berwik & within the see..alsweill that thai had drawin it with pen upon paper as thai haid the same maid in forme & portraitte with mennis handis in cley or earth. 1570 G. Buchanan (1892) 43 Mony that hes nowther sene ye said beist, nor na perfyte portraict of it. 1589 G. Puttenham ii. xi. 80 By this noble pourtrayt..Is plainely exprest..The sounde Pillar. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius 24 The full pourtraict and proportion of which horse, he dedicated..before the Temple of Venus Genitrix. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden i. 97 The Britans Coines, the portraicts whereof I have here shewed. 1665 T. Herbert (new ed.) 17 Whose portraicts, with a landskip of the Table and other neighbouring mountains, I present the Reader. 1759 S. Johnson I. x. 69 To exhibit in his portraits of nature such prominent and striking features, as to recal the original to every mind. 1821 W. M. Craig vi. 333 The back-grounds of your portraits. 1881 J. Andrew 18 These Pendulographs are pictures or portraits of the intervals, concords, and discords of the Musical System. 1992 June 18 (heading) Hubble has relayed a plentitude of eye-opening images and revealing spectral portraits of cosmic objects. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > of living thing > of human figure society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > portrait-painting > a portrait 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay iii. xiv. 97 The pourtractes and figures of the principallest amongst them. 1600 W. Shakespeare ii. ix. 53 What's heere, the pourtrait of a blinking idiot. View more context for this quotation 1649 (1819) VI. 363/1 Ordains His Royall Name, Portract and Seal to be used in the publick writings. 1710 R. Steele No. 118. ⁋6 I would rather see you work upon History-Pieces, than on single Portraicts. 1756 H. Walpole Aug. (1973) XXXV. 271 The poor woman..passed her whole widowhood..in collecting and monumenting the portraits and reliques of all the great families from which she descended. 1806 T. S. Surr I. iv. 75 Fixing his starting eyes upon a portrait of Dr. Enfield which hung over the chimney. 1858 E. Bulwer-Lytton i. vi The gentleman who wanted to take your portrait. 1920 10 Feb. 10/4 The two pictures we mentioned first, and the portrait of a Lady, and several delicate landscapes. 1972 30 Nov. 1499/1 A later tumbler in the same sale was wheel-engraved with a bust portrait of Prince Charles Edward. 2004 (Nexis) 9 Nov. a10 An exhibition of life-sized portraits of celebrities will run at the Canberra Centre until Sunday. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > statuary > [noun] > statue 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay iv. xxix. 151 Prometheus..inuented the natural pourtractes with the fatte earth. 1600 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso xii. xciv. 231 Her tombe was..built of polisht stone, and thereon laid The liuely shape and purtrait of the maid. 1638 T. Herbert (rev. ed.) 144 On one side the gate stands a..great Elephant, on the other a Rhinoceros... The portraicts are out of the shining Marble. 1761 I. 73 Mr. Congreve's monument has an half length marble portrait of that gentleman, placed on a pedestal of fine Egyptian marble, and enriched with emblematical devices relating to the drama. 1800 J. Salmon II. 23 The marble portrait on the sepulchre is by Ferrata. 1912 353/2 In statuary the following portraits are known: (1) a marble statue by R. Jackson, [etc.]. 1991 3 199/1 In Greece, herms, acrolithic inserts, and relief bust roundels furthered the practice of making isolated heads, though full-figure statues were preferred for portraits. 2004 (Nexis) 19 Sept. 1 l The over life-size marble head of the Roman emperor..is one of [the] four or five greatest Roman portraits in the country. 2. figurative. society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation the world > relative properties > relationship > similarity > [noun] > image of a person or thing 1567 G. Fenton tr. M. Bandello Pref. sig. *ij In theim [sc. histories] is represented (as yt were) an ymage or pourtraict of all thinges that haue passed since the beginning of the worlde. 1590 E. Spenser ii. xii. sig. Aav Dreadfull pourtraicts of deformitee. c1614 W. Mure tr. Virgil Dido & Æneas ii. in (1898) I. 158 Then ȝoung Ascanius..His parents portrate perfectly presenting. 1623 T. Goad sig. C4v If any man could looke in at those gates,..he would report such a pourtrait as was this spectacle. 1744 E. Young 3 Who can take Death's Portrait true? the Tyrant never sate. 1794 A. Radcliffe I. i. 3 The flattering portrait of mankind, which his heart had delineated in early youth, his experience had too sorrowfully corrected. 1835 E. Bulwer-Lytton II. iv. iii. 131 The varnish of power brings forth at once the defects and the beauties of the human portrait. 1866 H. P. Liddon (1875) iv. 192 Jesus reveals a moral portrait. 1947 R. M. French tr. N. Berdyaev i. 7 Fedotov explains this as due to the fatal influence of ‘Josephism’ which has distorted the portrait of Christ among the Russian people. the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > [noun] > graphic or vivid > a vivid description 1596 T. Bell Ep. Ded. sig. A2v The liuely purtraite of the foure monarchies. 1738 W. Warburton I. 126 An exact Pourtrait of natural Religion. 1765 J. Otis 4 The gentleman..has given us a portrait of the English nation. It contains but a dozen lines, and expresses or plainly implies the following wonderful group of ideas. 1837 T. Carlyle in Jan. 418 Her portrait, by the seconding Marquis himself, is not very captivating. 1886 R. L. Stevenson xxv. 252 I could read my own not very flattering portrait and, in larger characters, the amount of the blood money that had been set upon my life. 1941 F. Matthiessen xiv. iv. 653 Where Hawthorne's criticism runs no risk of being obscurantistic is in his portrait of Hollingsworth. 1990 Sept. 54 (advt.) Greenwood paints a stunningly intimate portrait of Elvis from his boyhood in rural Tupelo, Mississippi, through his skyrocketing success and tragic death. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > portrait-painting 1589 G. Puttenham iii. i. 115 Th' excellent painter bestoweth the rich Orient coulours vpon his table of pourtraite. 1723 T. Thomas in VI. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 74 I think it is the worst piece of portrait that ever in my life I saw. 1846 J. Ruskin II. 114 That habit of the old and great painters of introducing portrait into all their highest works. 1876 ‘G. Eliot’ IV. vii. lii. 56 He came to my studio the other day and recommended me to apply myself to portrait. Of course I know what that means.—‘My good fellow, your attempts at the historic and poetic are simply pitiable.’ 1982 (Nexis) 29 Aug. xi. 8/5 Philip Listengart will teach Portrait in Sculpture, designed for beginning and intermediate students. Traditional and contemporary approaches to the head in clay will be explored. society > communication > printing > printed matter > arrangement or appearance of printed matter > [noun] > type of format 1956 H. Williamson iii. 16 The book is in fact taller than it is wide, and by analogy with the painter's method these proportions are sometimes called portrait. 1993 R. T. Stevens 165 Portrait, orientation of a page such that text is in readable direction when the page length exceeds the page width. B. adv.1932 A. G. Sayers & J. Stuart in W. Atkins I. xii. 139 The frontispiece..may be printed either upright (termed portrait) or broad way (termed landscape). If a full-page illustration be printed landscape, the inscription or caption beneath must read from foot to head. 1975 J. Butcher 304 If a table is ‘set portrait’ it is set upright on the page and not turned to read up the page. 1994 (Nexis) June 80 With Print Tools, you can print portrait and landscape, circles, 3D pie charts, bar charts, and graphs, even on an HP Series II printer at 300 dpi. C. adj.1975 J. Butcher 304 The shape of a book or illustration is referred to as ‘portrait’ when its height is greater than its width. 1984 J. Partridge 30 Many subjects can be improved if you turn your camera on its side to give a vertical picture. This is called ‘portrait format’ because it particularly suits pictures of people. 1992 Apr. 156/2 You can print landscape and portrait pages in the same document. 2004 (Nexis) 3 June 1 He can make five or more separate images, in combinations of both portrait and landscape orientations on a single sheet of paper. Compounds C1. 1814 W. H. Ireland (title) Chalcographimania; or, the Portrait-Collector and Printseller's Chronicle. 1999 (Nexis) 13 Mar. A large part of his business..consists of sniffing out specific commissions and making sure he keeps in with the major portrait collectors around the world. 1864 5 May 8/4 The sky and moorland of this picture are thoroughly true to nature, and give its painter a step in artistic rank over that which he earned by his clever portrait group of last year. 1917 A. Conan Doyle ii. 66 I observed the very instant that I entered the room that you have a portrait group of three ladies upon the mantelpiece. 1993 214/2 Alabaster relief panels of narrative scenes or portrait groups..have been cited in attributions to Evesham of several monuments. 1852 S. F. B. Morse in 23 Oct. Two were exquisitely beautiful portrait heads from life. 1899 J. W. Mackail I. 277 A portrait-head of the author. 1991 3 204/1 Cavaceppi then replaced it with a portrait head of Septimius Severus from his immense stores. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > portrait-painting > portrait-painter 1706 J. Savage tr. R. de Piles 458 He was an excellent English Portrait-Painter. 1859 A. H. Clough tr. Plutarch IV. 159 Portrait-painters are more exact in the lines and features of the face, in which the character is seen, than in the other parts of the body. 1995 Apr. 72/1 Margaret Palmer, the portrait painter, gave the first exhibition. 1866 30 Jan. 4/3 The company has just commenced business as artistic and portrait photographers at 43, Piccadilly, under the able management of Mr. Vernon Heath. 1900 L. M. Adams 243/1 The ordinary portrait-photographer seems consumed by an inordinate desire to make things round and smooth. 1995 27 Sept. 2/2 In the past, the mug shot has been taken by local portrait photographers. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > [noun] > types or methods generally 1864 H. Draper On Constr. Silvered Glass Telescope in No. 180 v. 48 The usual processes for portrait photography were applied to taking the Moon. 1875 tr. H. W. Vogel xiv. 150 Portrait-photography makes greater demands than any other branch on the good taste of the photographer. 1991 45 15/1 Portrait photography..usurped some of the purely documentary functions of portrait painting. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > [noun] > an artistic representation > of living thing > of human figure society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > portrait-painting > a portrait 1853 9 June 3/2 To be sold, several well made portrait pictures, on plates, for exhibition frame. 1898 8 Aug. 5/6 The above portrait-pictures must include some 5,000 faces, to say nothing of busts, half, quarter lengths, and full figures. 1976 D. Francis vii. 103 A portrait picture of an Australian horse..to my taste, overpainted. 1996 (Nexis) 26 May 13 Fresh roses adorn the tables and portrait pictures grace the side tables. 1840 7 Dec. 3/4 The artists of Britain stand unrivalled for their excellence in portrait sculpture. 1933 June 299/1 The eloquent lecture on French Portrait Sculpture of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. 1991 3 199/2 The Roman portrait-bust..was preserved in late-Antique and medieval spolia—in reliquaries, coins, gems, and even portrait sculpture. 1834 Let. in E. Thomason (1845) II. 289 Will you..allow me to make a portrait sketch of you? 1925 W. Cather i. iv. 64 She had been much quicker at her lessons than Rosie, and very clever at water-colour portrait sketches. 2004 (Nexis) 6 Nov. 20 She does commissions in oils or acrylic and portrait sketches in pencil. 1874 J. H. Dallmeyer 21 The latter gentleman has even succeeded in producing his large portrait studies with the same instrument. 1904 15 Apr. 3/4 A very excellent portrait-study, a tender and loving reminiscence of the high-spirited,..noble-hearted woman. 1993 180/2 His landscape or portrait studies were equally successful. 1859 30 Apr. 10/4 For all the interest or value it possesses, nine-tenths of the portrait work of this year had better have been absent from the walls. 1922 5 Dec. (Suppl.) p. xviii./2 Mr. William Conor..has done good portrait work as well. 2001 18 May (Friday Suppl.) 11/4 From 1970 to 2000 Alberts was involved in both photodocumentary..and portrait work. C2. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > statuary > [noun] > statue > bust or torso 1827 26 Mar. 4/4 A miniature portrait bust of Cicero..in a red morocco case. 1887 22 Sept. 4/1 Governor Ames has given the sculptor..an order for a portrait-bust. 1992 Christmas 19/2 The smooth naturalism of Rodinesque portrait busts. 1935 19 Feb. 7/5 Portrait collars—meaning collars that are new and flattering on sheer wool shirtwaist dresses as sketched. 1997 Aug.–Sept. 7 Portrait collar blouse. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > display of pictures > [noun] > gallery 1780 R. Gough I. p. xlii The upper windows at Long Melford church..were portrait galleries of the Seckford and Beauchamp families. 1841 R. W. Emerson (1855) Misc. 215 Why not draw for these times a portrait-gallery? 1934 9 July 11/2 The most famous is at the foot of the Irving statue at the side of the National Portrait Gallery. 1992 Jan. 86/3 There is some biographical material, including a bizarre portrait gallery presenting 16 Canadians who have won ‘recent awards’. society > occupation and work > equipment > machine tool > lathe > [noun] > other lathes a1884 E. H. Knight Suppl. 713/2 Portrait Lathe, a lathe adapted to copying busts. 1905 27 June 1/3 He was engaged in the Paris Mint, and while there invented a portrait lathe by which medallion dies of any size might be engraved in steel. 2002 (Nexis) 1 July 82 (note) In 1837 the Contamin portrait lathe was imported from France. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > lens > types of 1852 27 July 1/3 (advt.) Photography. Wanted to purchase on moderate terms, a double achromatic portrait lens. 1884 XVII. 805/2 Petzval designed the ‘portrait-lens’, in which two achromatic lenses, placed at a certain distance apart, combine to form the image. 1991 June 47/3 The most popular focal length for a macro lens these days is 90mm, which makes a perfect portrait lens as well. 1940 9 May 16 (advt.) Portrait neckline with ribbon interlace. 1999 A. Arensberg iii. 31 Now she turned into an expert on fashion, arguing the merits of..cream, blush-pink, or oyster; stand-up collars versus portrait necklines. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [noun] > portrait-painting society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > painting > painting according to subject > [adjective] > portrait-painting 1713 6 Dec. 466 Instead of going to Italy, or elsewhere, one that designs for Portrait Painting ought to study in England. 1821 H. C. Robinson 2 Dec. (1967) 71 I have finished Waverley... Its merit lies in portrait and scene painting. 1842 C. Dickens 2 Apr. (1974) III. 179 My portrait-painting friend told me. 1991 45 15/1 Portrait painting had long since recovered from the threat of photography to emerge as a quite distinct, more dignified, and more expensive undertaking for people wishing to see their features immortalized. 2002 (Nexis) 14 Apr. vii. 11/1 Sickles was bilked out of much of his money by a portrait-painting princess with the unlikely name of Lenott Parlaghy. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > jewellery > ring > [noun] > other types of ring 1877 W. Jones 496 I have mentioned several portrait-rings of remarkable interest. 2002 (Nexis) 12 Mar. 14 A tiny portrait ring given by Mary Queen of Scots to her goddaughter the night before she was beheaded in 1587. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > statuary > [noun] > statue > other types of statue 1840 7 Dec. 3/4 A portrait statue, representing Wellington at the time he won the battle of Waterloo. 1910 I. 598/2 From an artistic point of view, he was most successful in his portrait-statues and groups of children. 1996 (Nexis) 24 Nov. xiii.cn 29/1 Objects ranging from life-size marble portrait statues and reliefs to coins, jewelry and children's toys are now placed in historical, political and social contexts. 1884 6 Dec. 12/4 Specimen Diamonds, as Portrait Stones. 1970 E. Bruton xvii. 284 Very thin crystals..have been used to glaze miniature paintings and are called portrait stones or lasques. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). portraitv. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. Apparently either (i) formed within English, by derivation. Or perhaps (ii) formed within English, as a back-formation. Probably also partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: portray v.; portraitour n., portraiture n.; portrait n. Etymology: Apparently < the past participle of portray v. (see forms portrait , purtrait , purtraite at that entry). Attested earliest in the past participle portraited , which could alternatively be interpreted as simply a variant of the past participle of portray v. with secondary suffixation, from which a present stem portrait subsequently arose by analogy. Alternatively, perhaps a back-formation < either portraitour n. or portraiture n. Probably also in later use partly < portrait n. Compare porture v.Compare Anglo-Norman purtreiter , purtreter , portraiter to portray, represent, to shape, fashion (c1230; alteration of purtraire portray v.), although the chronological gap is probably too great for the Anglo-Norman verb to be considered the etymon of the present word; compare also Old French portretier to repeat, reproduce (13th cent. in an isolated attestation). 1. society > communication > representation > [verb (transitive)] society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > representation in art > represent in art [verb (transitive)] 1548 f. lxxxiiiiv In it was the whole spere [= sphere] portrated. 1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus ii. 54 She [sc. Venus] is not elswhere purtraited so. 1596 R. Linche Dom Diego in sig. F2 To..portraite forth thy Angel-hued beautie. 1610 J. Guillim iii. xxiv. 173 I am farre from their opinion who damne it for superstition to portraict [1640 portract] that glorious Virgin, or her Babe. 1660 (new ed.) 516 The Royall Standard was taken, upon which was Protraicted the Head of the late King lying a bleeding. 1680 ‘Philalethes’ tr. G. Buchanan 32 The perfect Image of the true Helena, pourtracted with her lively Colours. 1745 J. Miller ix. 19 Must thou be portraited with all thy honourable Branches about thee,..and then be pasted up in Coblers Stalls? 1769 T. Snelling 43 The King is portraited to the waist, and crowned. 1864 Duke of Manchester I. xi. 216 To sit to a limner to be ‘portraited’, as the phrase ran. 1908 3 Apr. 4/4 We are not puffed and paragraphed and portraited in the papers. 1924 24 May Silhouette artists of such ability as Mr. Harrison are rare in this country, and he has the distinction of being the only one who makes a specialty of portraiting children. 1988 (Nexis) 20 Dec. The loved one may be portraited by Francesco Scavullo for $25,000, plus $4000 for the hair and make-up artist. 1926 W. J. Locke ii. v. 77 She would paint figures from the live model, and make much money; while he would portrait himself into celebrity. †2. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > [verb (transitive)] > make a work of art 1552 [implied in: R. Huloet Portraytynge of ymages in mettall or stone, sculptura. (at portraiting n.)]. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye II. 47 No image or picture, howe well soeuer it bee painted and purtrayted, is to be compared with the forme and figure of mans bodie. 1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi 107 I caused to be pourtrayted on my shield the Impresa of the Swan. 1669 S. Sturmy vii. v. 9 To pourtraict this on a..Plane, first draw the Horizontal Line. 1798 19 Feb. (advt.) It is the general opinion that as a portrait, it is one of the most perfect that has ever been portraited. 1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie i. v. f. 33 I will pourtraict & set before your eyes, a patterne and image thereof, first conceyued in mynd or imagination. 1623 W. Drummond Cypresse Groue in 70 As those Images were pourtraited in my minde. the mind > language > speech > narration > description or act of describing > describe [verb (transitive)] > in detail or graphically 1581 N. Woodes i. i. A iij I will therefore in breefe purtraict and paint him out. 1593 T. Bilson 25 That Christ did portrait out for the regiment of his Church. 1611 J. Speed ix. xv. 624/1 Our learned Knight Eliot setting his pen to portrait a perfect Gouernour. 1655 T. Fuller i. 14 The Authour..doth pourtraict and describe the Bounty, and Church-buildings of that King. 1749 W. Hawkins iii. i. 31 In Terms so clear, that the Similitude Himself portraiting strongly to himself, Shall strike upon his Soul. 1786 W. Young Preface p. vii History, when it portraited an individual, was confined to a narrower ground. 1981 26 81 This novel portraits a heroine who embodies pragmatism. 2000 (Nexis) 12 Apr. The writing is graphic, with the horror and the pity of war relentlessly portraited. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.adv.adj.1560 v.1548 |
