释义 |
powdern.1Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pudre, poldre, poudre. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pudre, podre, poudre, poudere, pudere, poure, puldre and Old French poldre, puldre, pulre, Middle French poudre, pouldre, poulre, poure (French poudre ) dust (1100), finely ground substance (a1190), medicinal powder (13th cent.), cosmetic in powder form (1328), gunpowder (1361; 1367–71 in poudre à canon ; 1690 in sentir la poudre à canon (of a geographical area) to stand in extreme danger at the first declaration of war) < classical Latin pulver- , pulvis dust (see pulver n.). Compare Old Occitan polvera (early 13th cent.; also poldra (14th cent. in an isolated attestation, probably < French)), Catalan pólvora , †pólvera (both 13th cent.), Italian polvere (12th or 13th cent.); compare also Middle French poulce pouce n. and cognates cited at that entry.With the change of postvocalic /d/ to /ð/ before /ər/ in β forms compare note at mother n.1 Recorded in surnames in the late 13th cent. (William le Poudre (1260), Johannes le Poudere (1294), Galfrido pouder (1296–7)), but these more probably reflect the Anglo-Norman than the Middle English word. They could alternatively show reduced forms of an agent noun (compare powderer n.) with the meaning ‘spicer’ or ‘apothecary’. I. A substance composed of fine dry particles. 1. the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > powder c1300 St. Mary Magdalen (Laud) 532 in C. Horstmann (1887) 477 (MED) Huy nomen heore false godes and casten heom þare doune And brenden al-to poudre. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) i. 2003 He sende and him to pouldre smot. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 6616 (MED) Þis golden calf he did to brest To pudre [a1400 Gött. poudir]. ?a1425 (Egerton) (1889) 25 He [sc. the Phoenix] brynnes him self all to powder. a1475 in (1957) 58 66 (MED) Lightnyng..somtyme..smyttythe a swerde to pouder and hort nat the scaberde. 1526 Matt. xxi. f. xxxv He shall grynde him to powder [1535 Coverdale to poulder]. 1539 T. Elyot (new ed.) 77 b Fryed or layde on a burning hote stone, & made in powlder. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus f. 111v I will..crushe thy hedde to powther. c1550 (1979) i. 16 Vas it [sc. Carthage] nocht brynt in puldir ande asse? 1607 B. Jonson i. i. sig. Bv To grinde 'hem into poulder . View more context for this quotation 1641 J. Jackson i. 8 Dissected into parts, not beaten into pouder. 1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius 46 There is fall of water..so violent, that breaking upon the Rocks, it is reduc'd as it were to powder. 1700 5 Lime..appears to be cold, but Water excites it again, whereby it Slacks and crumbles into fine powder. 1738 G. Smith tr. iii. 88 Clear your Glass from the Powder that may lay upon it. 1807 T. Young I. xix. 232 The machine is used for reducing to powder the ores of metals, and sometimes also barks, and linseed. 1853 W. Gregory (ed. 3) 226 Peroxide of Nickel... It is a black powder. 1880 G. Meredith II. ii. 25 If there are laws against my having my own, to powder with the laws! 1925 C. J. Gahan 5 Furniture or..woodwork..destroyed by what is commonly known as the worm—little six-legged, white grubs which live inside the wood, devouring it and turning it to powder. 1959 9 Nov. p. ix/4 The diamonds used by industry can be divided into three categories: the original, rough diamonds that have been cut into required shapes, and diamonds ground down to powder. 1996 Q Jan. 7/4 Their dreams were crushed, made into a fine powder. 2003 N. Slater 75 Sherbet Fountains—those tubes of acidic white powder wrapped in red-and-yellow paper with a stick of liquorice poked down the centre. the world > life > death > [noun] > state or condition of the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > [noun] > humiliated condition the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > [noun] > condition of being dead and buried the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > dust of the ground c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) 228 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill (1956) 500 (MED) Arsmetrike is a lore þat of figurs al is & of drauȝtes, as me draweþ in poudre. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 7080 Vol of þe poudre of þe erþe. c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring (1891) 180 (MED) Our Lord makeþ man pouer and makeþ hym riche..Heȝand þe nedeful out of poudre. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job vii. 21 Lo! nowe in pouder [a1425 L.V.dust] I slepe. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings ii. 8 He brengeþ vp fro powdre þe nedy, & fro drit he heueþ vp þe poere. ?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 10 (MED) In the dust & in the powder of þo hilles, þei wroot lettres & figures with hire fyngres. c1450 (1905) II. 350 (MED) Bod fro ye be deade and a little powder of erth casten on you, þan shall ye be les þan any thyng þat is in þis werld. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. (Rawl.) (1898) 200 (MED) The kynge..hym Sette in the powdyr and makid cri throgh al the Cite that men and bestis sholde faste. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. (1882–7) xciii. 297 The sonne lost his lyght by reason of the pouder that rose vp in to the ayre. 1568 D. Lindsay 79 None may go neir thame..Without thay couer mouth and neis, Frome the powder. a1586 Lindsay MS f. 12v, in at Pouder Quhen thair innemeys hes the wind the powldre and the sone in thair ene. the world > life > the body > bodily substance > [noun] c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham (1902) 155 (MED) Þou nart bote of poudre y-welt And aȝen in to poudre schelt, Manne, at þyne ende. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. iii. 19 Poudre [a1425 L.V. dust; L. pulvis] þou ert, & in to poudre þou schalt torne. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 475 (MED) Whan here body was i-take up of þe erþe, it was i-founde al i-roted and i-torned into powder. a1400 (a1325) (Vesp.) 929 Þou nees but a pudre [v.r. pouder] plain, to puder sal þou worth a-gain. a1450 (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 5 (MED) I schal speke to my Lord, I þat am but poudir & asches. 1490 W. Caxton tr. xii. 44 The bodyes..conuerted in-to poulder. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece v. xvi. f. 63v/2 Scho departit..to Rome, berand with hir the powder of thair fader in ane goldyn poke. 1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour 5170 in (1931) I Thy vyle corruptit carioun Sall..remane, in pulder small, On to the Iugement Generall. 1599 R. Rollock i. 10 Deith is the dissolution of the body..quhilk it lowsis into powder. the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > club-moss or moss-like ferns > parts of the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > stamen or pistil > pollen and related parts 1672 N. Grew v. 145 All flowers have their Powders or Globulets. 1676 M. Lister in J. Ray (1848) 124 I..put them [sc. Lycopodiums] in a box, and found they shed their powder of themselves. 1729 J. Martyn 14 The Prolifick Powder, analogous to the Male Sperm in Animals. 1767 W. Farrer iv. 30 The Powder of the Lycopodium is used in Germany, in the treatment of Epilepsies in children, from ten grains to thirty. 1782 T. Cavallo (ed. 2) iii. vii. 273 This head of cotton must be rolled in powder of lycopodium, or, which answers better, in powder of rosin. the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [noun] > a fall of snow > types of fallen snow 1920 D. H. Lawrence xxix. 466 There was a light wind blowing among the mountain tops, keen as a rapier where it touched, carrying with it a fine dust of snow-powder.] 1931 J. Buchan xii. 229 The snow had begun. A thin powder was filtering down through the branches. 1948 30 Dec. 16 North Conway. 3 inch new powder. Skiing fair. 1973 P. A. Whitney xii. 235 The average skier..didn't care for loose powder. But there was still powder on the steepest slope. 1992 C. Wilkins 170 All this time he's been breaking trail through deep powder. II. A preparation in the form of fine dry particles, for a particular use or purpose. 4. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > powder > [noun] 1340 (1866) 148 Verst he ssel þerto do þe smeringes and þe plastres of zuete warningges..þe poudres efterward and prekiinde of harde wyþniminge. c1400 (c1378) W. Langland (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. 357 (MED) The plastres of þe persoun and poudres biten to sore. a1450 (1978) 123 (MED) And ȝif þou wilt haue out þe wicked flesche with-oute keruyng or brennyng, þen schalt þou make suche a poudur. 1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig sig. Aj With waters dystyllyd, all maner of confeccyons, syropes, powders, and electuaryes be myxced. 1580 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Dial. Yron in (new ed.) f. 158v The pouder made of yron..taketh away the Rime from the eye. 1615 H. Crooke 55 We are constrayned to inhibite and restrayne the increase with corrasiue Liniments and poulders. 1695 W. W. 23 Neither Tincture, Solution, nor Pouder. 1712 17 Mar. 2/2 A Powder to refresh the Gums, and whiten the Teeth. 1774 W. Buchan (ed. 3) App. 731 The lighter powders may be mixed in any agreeable thin liquor, as tea or water-gruel. 1816 25 Sept. 4/3 To distinguish these Powders from the many inferior preparations which are obtruded on the public, be pleased to ask for ‘Butler's Carbonated Sodaic Powders’. 1865 J. W. Carlyle (1883) III. 265 When I had finished the antifebrile powders. 1950 D. Cusack Morning Sacrifice in i. 191 Mrs. Mac brings Sheila a powder and a drink of water. 1987 E. W. Burr viii. 40/1 Small skin lacerations can be cleaned and treated as open wounds with..antibiotic powders..in preference to ointments. 1995 (Nexis) 23 Feb. c1 Rarely do I ever take an aspirin... Headache powders are hypochondriac junk food. the world > food and drink > food > additive > [noun] > seasoning or flavouring 1381 Diuersa Servicia in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler (1985) 68 (MED) Wan yt ys dressyd in dysches wyth blank de sure, straw upon clowys of gelofre and straw upon powdre of galentyn. a1450–1509 (?a1300) (A-version) (1913) 3092 And soden fful hastyly, Wiþ powdyr and wiþ spysory. 1455 in 5th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1876) App. 491 in (C. 1432) XL. 1 Payd to John Young for powder off synamon, peper, clowys, [etc.]. a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in (2002) i. 159 Þe fische in A dische..with vineger & powdur þer vppon. a1555 H. Latimer Let. 15 July in J. Foxe (1563) 1350/2 Haue I bene..so muche, as it were seasoned with the pouder of so many experiences? 1565–73 T. Cooper at Asseruo Sale vel in sale asseruare carnes, to kepe meate in pouder. 1640 C. Harvey Return in (1647) 25 He that his joyes would keep, Must weep, And in the brine of tears And fears, Must pickle them. That powder will preserve. 1767 (ed. 2) II. 4 Hasty Pudding, with herbs, or with or without onions, seasoned with salt and pepper, or the powder of ginger. 1789 M. Cole 225 Cut a hare in six pieces; bone and lard them with bacon, seasoned with spices, powder of laurel, chopped parsley, [etc.] 1846 A. Soyer 483 Have an equal quantity of starch-powder, and powdered sugar. 1870 (Electronic ed.) Feb. 189 Stir in lightly one cup of flour, a little yeast powder, or soda sifted in flour. 1902 22 Apr. 8/1 Calumet baking powder. A wonderful powder of rare merit and unrivaled strength. 1948 10 Feb. 3/4 An annual increase in export to the United Kingdom rising to..105m. dozen eggs a season, in shell, pulp, and powder. 2004 (Nexis) 9 May 1 e I brought him flavored powder to mix in water because I'd heard the water didn't taste so good. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > explosive material > [noun] > other specific explosives 1339 in H. T. Riley (1868) 205 Item, peletæ de plumbo pro eisdem Instrumentis [sc. cannon]..Item, xxxii libræ de pulvere.] a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. 354 Like to the corrant fyr that renneth Upon a corde..Whan it with poudre is so besein Of Sulphre and othre thinges mo. c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer 1644 As swifte as pelet out of gonne, Whan fyr is in the poudre ronne. c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner (1876) 118 Schottys, powder, gonnys. 1548 f. cxljv Poulder failed in the fortresse. 1570 in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. x. 88 Bothwell with pulder blew him in the air. 1627 J. Smith xiv. 68 Fine corned Powder for hand Guns. a1690 S. Jeake (1696) 451 5 Guns in 2 Days spend 60 Barrels of Powder. 1795 Ld. Nelson in (1845) II. 19 I have sent Officers and Men to get the powder out of the Censeur. 1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor xii, in 3rd Ser. II. 294 And for the pouther, I e'en changed it, as occasion served,..for gin and brandy. 1885 July 393/2 In 1655 the Virginia Assembly, in order to check the waste of powder at drinking frolics,..ordained that no person should ‘shoot guns at drinking’. 1901 14 Mar. 7/3 The Explosives Committee..are now desirous of obtaining all the information..about the new powders that are being brought out by inventors. 1989 VII. 963/3 Maxim invented maximite, a high explosive bursting powder 50 percent more powerful than dynamite. the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > [noun] > object used in the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > chemical digestion > philosophers' stone > ingredients of the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations to heal or generate tissue > [noun] > for healing wounds or fractures > for healing wounds > applied to weapon, etc. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > legerdemain, etc. > [noun] > juggler or conjurer > pretended magical powder c1395 G. Chaucer 1133 I haue a poudre heer þat coste me deere Shal make al good. c1475 (1969) 570 (MED) Yff ȝe haue ony syluer, in happe pure brasse, Take a lytyll powder of Parysch and cast ouer hys face, Ande ewyn in þe howll-flyght let hym passe. 1590–1 in R. Pitcairn (1833) I. ii. 237 For putting of mwildis, or powder maid of menis joyntis..vnder Ewphame McCalȝanis bed. 1612 B. Jonson i. i. sig. B2v You must be chiefe? as if you, onely, had The poulder to proiect with? View more context for this quotation 1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. ix. 17 in (ed. 2) To do the like touching the Philosophers stone, the powder of Projection, and potable gold. 1658 R. White tr. K. Digby (title) A late discourse made..in France..touching the cure of wounds by the powder of sympathy. 1664 B. Gerbier (new ed.) i. sig. b5v That he doth really possess its true (and no imaginary) powder of production, That of Hermes Trismegistos. 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagr. Prognost. 238 Masters in the Art of Hocus Pocus's, Legerdemain, and Powder of Prelinpinpin [Fr. Joüeurs de passe-passe]. 1706 (new ed.) at Projection The pretended casting of the Powder of the Philosopher's Stone into a Crucible of melted Metal, in order to change it into Gold or Silver, is call'd Projection. 1754 S. Derrick tr. C. de Bergerac 48 I endeavoured to make him accept of three Phials, the first filled with the Elixir Salutis, the second with Powder of Projection, and the last with Potable Gold. 1804 A. L. Barbauld Life Richardson in S. Richardson I. 12 In those times talismans and wounds cured by sympathetic powder..were seriously credited. 1836–41 W. T. Brande (ed. 5) 11 At other times the performers..purchased what was termed a powder of projection, prepared by the adepts, containing a portion of gold. 1888 XV. 65/2 Digby first described his well-known weapon-salve, or powder of sympathy, in the discourse alleged to have been delivered at Montpellier in 1658. 1904 L. F. Baum 40 How could he ever have guessed that the man..would be brought to life by means of a magical powder contained in an old pepper-box? 1999 (Nexis) 25 Jan. Besides curing wounds, when applied to the weapon that inflicted them instead of to the wounds, the powder of sympathy had the strange property of making the patient jump in pain. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > powders the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [adjective] > dressed with preparations > with powder the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [adjective] > dressed with preparations > with powder > not 1538 VII. 112 For polder pokis of violat to lay amang the Kingis claithis. a1571 J. Jewel Expos. 1 Thess. (i. 7) in (1611) Such as are bathed or perfumed with precious ointments or poulders. 1640 T. Carew 180 For in pure love heaven did prepare, Those powders to inrich your haire. 1656 W. Davenant ii. 13 Our Powders and our Purls Are now out of fashion. 1692 in W. Macgill (1909) I. 152 Oyls, poulders and perfumes. 1758 S. Johnson 13 May 41 The hair has lost its powder. 1765 O. Goldsmith xxvi. 231 Half the charms that deck'd her face, Arose from powder, shreds, or lace. 1789 H. L. Piozzi I. 417 I had some grains of marechale powder in my hair. 1792 Lady Templetown Let. 11 June in A. E. Newdigate-Newdegate (1898) vii. 103 Mr Romney..has acquitted himself well in respect to Lady Newdigate... The hair is of an agreable duskiness that is neither in nor out of powder. 1849 W. M. Thackeray (1850) I. xxiii. 219 Two superior officers in black..now in livery with their hair in powder. 1858 17 Apr. 175/4 Saunders's Face Powder..beautifies the complexion. 1883 A. I. Ritchie i. 6 An oval miniature, belonging to the times of powder and of puff. 1924 M. Irwin xix. 233 Slovenly Lady Catherine Grey drove over, out of powder at four in the afternoon. 1932 G. Greene i. i. 12 A last dab of powder on the nose. 1954 H. Ashton (title) Footman in powder. 1987 June 31 Loose powder is important if you want your make-up to stick. 2002 May 90/1 While we know that trowelling on make-up does us no favours, most of us feel naked without foundation, concealer and powder. the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > preparation a1350 Recipe Painting in (1844) 1 65 Vorte maken iren as hart as stel. Tac argul, a thing that deyares deyet with, ant grint hit smal, and seththe tac a wollene clout ant couche thi poudre theron as brod as hit wol. 1486 sig. cvij Fille the hooll with a powdre of arnement Ibrente. 1553–4 in G. S. Pryde (1937) 120 Culuring pulder. 1610 G. Markham i. xciv. 186 Take the powder of gumdragant, Ensens, and damaske roses. 1704 J. Harris I Flux-powders..are Powders prepared to facilitate the Fusion of the harder Metals. 1723 J. Clarke tr. I. i. xxii. 139 I ordered the Third to put his upon the Wheel, and grind it plain..with Powder of Emery. 1787 Act 27 Geo. 3, c. 13, Schedule A. Inwards in (1789) 309 Powder of Brass for Japanning. 1823 J. Badcock 95 In a tea-spoonful of honey..mix a drachm of powder of tin. 1884 F. J. Britten (new ed.) 87 Diamantine, a form of silica much esteemed as a polishing powder for steel work. 1890 Magnetine... A compound of some kind of cementing material and a magnetic powder, such as iron-filings or magnetic oxid of iron. 1907 G. M. Norman i. vii. 31 Make 100 grammes of good bleaching powder into a cream. 1941 I. L. Idriess xiv. 102 Burned leaves of the wirra (a species of acacia, the leaves of which when burned yield a powder of potash). 1992 Jan. 68 Bluing powder..used to white clothes, became pigment when mixed with water and clay. 2000 18 Sept. 99/1 White cement powder that's been sifted through a template. †III. Extended uses. society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > minor charges 1448 Acct. in (1906) 12 14 (MED) Item, a sute of white damask clothe of gold with orfrayes of grene welwet with buddys of gold pouder. 1562 G. Legh 131 The sixth doublyng is called Pean, whiche is the field Sable, and the pouders Or. Phrases P1. (In sense 4c.) a. the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > effort expended for some result 1579 S. Gosson Apol. Schoole of Abuse in f. 92 When I spare not to greete them with poulder & shot, answeares mee againe with a false fire. 1604 S. Hieron Preachers Plea in (1620) I. 484 [To] spend all their powder and shot to the beating downe of that, which I hope they shal neuer bee able to ouerthrow. 1776 S. Foote ii. 36 Meagre mechanicks? fellows not worth powder and shot. 1845 B. Disraeli I. i. iv. 60 ‘I have great faith in your canvassing,..but still, at the same time, the powder and shot—’ ‘Are essential’, said Lady Marney, ‘I know it, in these corrupt days’. 1889 V. Horsley in S. Paget (1919) 86 He anonymously or onymously is not worth powder and shot. 1978 P. G. Winslow 67 He could be of no practical use, and she was not a woman to waste her powder and shot. 2005 (Nexis) 17 Apr. 9 However, Gray knows his biggest problem could be determining ‘whether any of the respondents are worth powder and shot’—whether they have the money to pay. b. the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > in vain [phrase] > futile appearance of action 1627 R. Sanderson 341 You..imagine that all His threatnings are but Bruta Fulmina, empty cracks, and Powder without shot. 1704 H. Mackworth 4 All the great Clamor about a Tack, which maketh such a Noise in the World, proveth to be but a Squib, Powder without Shot, that giveth a Crack, but vanisheth into Air and doth no execution. 1774 A. M. Toplady II. 626 Those Decrees of the Synod..were, as Mr Hales observes, ‘mere Powder without Shot, which gives a Clap, but does no Harm’. society > armed hostility > war > [noun] > action in war 1786 R. Burns 37 Their gun's a burden on their shouther; They downa bide the stink o' powther. 1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage I. i. x. 81 A novice, not yet accustomed to the smell of powder. 1901 F. Norris ii. v. 479 Roaring, clamoring, reeking with the smell of powder and hot oil, spitting death. 2003 (Nexis) 3 Dec. Now, it [sc. Baghdad] is synonymous with world terrorism, the West's wrong policy, and the smell of powder, blood and death. the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > be cautious or take care [verb (intransitive)] 1837 29 July 2/3 Mr W. Taylor..requested all the Radicals to get their batteries fixed, their artillery ready, and keep their powder dry, when down would go the Tories. 1908 5 Nov. 383/1 In thus keeping his powder dry the bishop acted most wisely, though he himself ascribes the happy result entirely to observance of the other half of Cromwell's maxim. 1931 F. L. Allen ii. 40 An inheritor of Theodore Roosevelt's creed of fearing God and keeping your powder dry. 1968 27 June 833/3 I seem to have been resigned most of my poetic life to the virtues of keeping one's powder dry rather than trying to fire the big guns. 2005 (Nexis) 22 Aug. 20 The suicide bombers seem to be less active than usual—but that may just be because they are keeping their powder dry for a post-constitution blitz. P2. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > worthless or quack 1607 E. Topsell 367 The pouder of mirre or burnt silke, fealt, or cloath, or anie olde post.] 1662 Duchess of Newcastle Matrimonial Trouble i. v. xlii, in 454 1 Maid. But Cordial Powders are made of Pearl, Amber, Corall, and the like. 2 Maid. 'Faith a little powder of posts serves as well: for they cannot be distinguish'd by their taste. 1769 J. Wesley (1872) XIV. 258 Beware of swallowing ounce after ounce of indigestible powder, though it were powder of post. 1808 J. Bentham 59 One of the powder-of-posts which the Pharmacopœia..is full of. a1825 R. Forby (1830) Spar-dust, powder of post; dust produced in wood by the depredation of boring insects. 1869 G. P. Marsh 107 A borer, of similar habits, is not uncommon in Italy, and you may see in that country, handsome chairs and other furniture which have been reduced by this insect to a framework of powder of post, covered, and apparently held together, by nothing but the varnish. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] 1909 4 Feb. 9/2 Senator Cockey O'Brien of Bernal Heights..made Senator McGluke take a run-out powder. 1934 J. Proskauer xxiv. 279 The smartest guy in the office took a walk out powder this morning. 1940 J. O'Hara 72 And take a powder out of here that day. 1941 R. Chandler in Sept. 25 Why are you taking a powder? 1954 ‘N. Blake’ xvi. 220 ‘Where's the Yank?’..‘Gone. He took a powder.’ 1961 J. Maclaren-Ross v. 65 Phoned four times—no reply. Seems as if..Passman's taken a temporary powder. 1979 P. Ableman i. 14 The very minute that I first looked into her..eyes... Philip Marlowe took a powder and Shoestring, the womanless, took over. 1992 13 Jan. 38/1 A concierge had to constantly tell the camera-toting, autograph-seeking ‘looky-loos’ camped outside to take a powder. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective, chiefly in sense 4c. 1836 A. Smith 6 Jan. (1940) II. 309 Three picks. 3 spades,..2 powder canisters. 1874 J. W. Long 113 The powder-canister is of tin, square, and made to fit in proper place. 1952 T. Armstrong iii. 73 Picks, shovels, borers, sledges and powder canisters had been placed in a wagon. 2005 (Nexis) 9 May 18 Soldiers found weapons,..empty ammo boxes, rocket-propelled grenade casings and an empty 155mm powder canister. a1627 W. Rowley & T. Middleton Wit at Severall Weapons i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) sig. Iiiii4v/1 If there be No other obstacles then those you speake of They are but powder charges without pellets. 1841 E. Rigby II. xxii. 192 They were armed to the teeth—swords, pistols, cutlasses, bows and arrows; their powder-charges ranged six on each breast. 1880 27 Dec. 9/4 The powder charge..consists of 425 lb. of pebble, or 450 lb. of prismatic powder. 1990 Sept.–Oct. 75/4 The interior of the case holds the powder charge, which is a modern Nitrocellulose compound usually in stick or granular form. 1545 in T. Ruddiman (1724) II. App. 337 Archibald Wilsoun powdar-makar. 1711 No. 4829/4 Henry Bosseville of Hounslow,..Powder-maker. 1814 T. Jefferson Let. 7 Sept. in (1984) 1351 And to that [school] of technical philosophy will come the mariner, carpenter,..powdermaker, saltmaker, glassmaker, to learn as much as shall be necessary to pursue their art understandingly. 1990 J. Jonas p. iii In the mutiny..the men below decks, led (appropriately) by the powder maker, lower the boats to take and possess San Cristobal. society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > trace or vestige > [noun] > other traces or vestiges 1823 1 Sept. 3/4 The sentinel..had received verbal orders to suffer no person to pass, except an elderly man who had a powder mark upon his face. 1937 D. Teilhet & H. Teilhet i. 14 The revolver bullet left a clean hole when shot close, always with powder marks. 2005 (Nexis) 18 May One of the holes in the mattress appeared to have powder marks or burns around it, indicating a close shot. 1768 J. Muller (ed. 2) 18 The powder measure held 35 pounds instead of 30. 1892 W. W. Greener 176 Adjust the powder measure, put the powder into a basin, take up a full measure. 1990 Sept.–Oct. 77/1 The dispensing of the powder charge can be slightly speeded up by using a Powder Measure. 1976 16 Dec. 30/1 Whereas almost every large, local gun-dealer stocks reloading machines, very few stock powder scales. 2004 (Nexis) 1 May 20 Dipping a base charge into the pan of the scale is also highly efficient and time saving when working with one of the new automatic electronic powder scales. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke > other spec. 1853 26 Jan. 2/4 As his friends seem more disposed to foster ideas of war..than of peace, we fear the money will be dissipated in powder-smoke. 1853 28 June 6/6 After the firing of a blast at Wheal Squire Mine, one of the miners..descended before the powder smoke had properly cleared away. 1905 T. Collins in W. Murdoch & H. Drake-Brockman (1951) 16 The explosion came off, nearly smothering me with powder-smoke. 1990 B. Cornwell (BNC) Foul-smelling powder smoke still lingered. C2. Similative and instrumental. 1857 G. W. Thornbury 20 Powder-black, bleeding lads, hungry and torn. 2000 (Nexis) Nov. 176 Running back to Owen, only to find him with a little powder-black hole in his left temple. 1889 16 Jan. 7/3 The cost and weight of guns to fire such powder-charged shells would be so enormous. 1974 No. 30. 4/2 Kings and knights were quick to recognize the military potential of powder-charged weapons. 2002 (Nexis) 24 Dec. 1 b Air-powered guns..with velocities greater than 350 fps can cause tissue damage similar to that inflicted by powder-charged bullets fired from small-caliber handguns. the world > matter > liquid > dryness > [adjective] > very 1934 T. Wood xvi. 215 They worked themselves powder-dry. 1942 W. Faulkner 100 The pale, powder-light, powder-dry dust of August. 1990 K. Corcoran l. 22 A powder dry regime defends what happened in the clearing. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [adjective] > powdered 1917 V. Woolf Mark on Wall in V. Woolf & L. S. Woolf 20 The miniature of a lady with white powdered curls, powder-dusted cheeks, and lips like red carnations. 1998 (Nexis) 22 Mar. 12 This is a night [sc. Oscar night] when ordinary guys and dolls are transformed by their celluloid prowess into ego-heavy, powder-dusted royalty. 1901 7 Sept. 8/3 Powder-grey and thistle-purple sackcloth are two of his present lures. 1990 Winter 63/3 The spotted sandpiper, a delicate powder-gray bird skimming across the water. 1870 Dec. 106/1 The powder-laden gun-boat that was to blow the fort out of existence. 1905 17 Feb. 5/1 There was an open fire on the powder-laden barge, and the petroleum from the other craft reaching it, a disastrous explosion followed. 1999 (Nexis) 1 June 35 Smith managed personally to set fire to the Themistocles and Heros before a second powder-laden frigate exploded. the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > [adjective] > extremely > light as a feather, etc. 1942 W. Faulkner 100 The pale, powder-light, powder-dry dust of August. 2003 (Nexis) Oct. 47 The product offers an SPF of 15 and dries to a powder-light finish. 1894 10 Dec. 5/1 This view is supported by..the fact that the wounds were both powder-marked. 1929 5 Mar. 9/5 Detective Leslie..said the three powder-marked pennies were found among Atkins's money. 1974 1 May e11 You see the body of Randy Parker, socialite and playboy, sprawled on the floor, a powder-marked bullet hole in his left temple. 1891 R. Kipling in Jan. 9 ‘It went off by itself,’ said Dick, when the powder-pocked cheek could no longer be hidden. 1976 4 Jan. 7 d/1 Powder-pocked and crying with impotent rage, Morgan found a priest in a nearby doorway to take his sword. 1857 G. W. Thornbury 19 Jenkin was powder-scorched, black as a Turk. c1914 C. F. Cahalane 124 The clothes, if powder scorched, may prove that the assailant stood close to the victim. 1989 (Nexis) 23 Aug. 6/1 What had been a major thoroughfare has become a gritty, sandbagged, powder-scorched combat zone. 1848 Nov. 419 She patted him affectionately on the cheek with her rough powder-stained hands. 1986 H. R. F. Keating (BNC) 39 If Archer's coat was powder-stained his killer must have been someone known to him. 2003 (Nexis) 12 June 1 The graphic scenes on the screen showing the dark, powder-stained gunshot wounds. 1899 S. R. Crockett 321 The befizzled, powder-tinged attendant. C3. With postmodifier, in the names of seasonings, medicaments, etc. the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > other spices a1425 (a1399) Forme of Cury (BL Add.) 7 in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler (1985) 99 Cast þerto safroun and salt, and messe it forth with powdour douce. a1475 (Sloane) (1862) 32 (MED) Do þerto wyne..And powder dowce and salt. 1780 S. Pegge p. xxix Powder-douce..has been thought by some..to be the same as sugar, and only a different name for it; but they are plainly mistaken. 1873 E. Smith 233 Spices were necessarily rare and costly in the 14th century... Certain compounds of spices, as our allspice, were then used, as powder douce and powder fort. 1999 (Nexis) 29 Jan. Medieval grocers sold it [sc. nutmeg] ready-ground as part of a spice mix called 'powder douce', along with cloves, ginger and black pepper. 1534 in W. H. Stevenson (1885) III. 190 List of Gums, Drugs, etc... Powder Holand. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [noun] > cause of society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > legerdemain, etc. > [noun] > juggler or conjurer > pretended magical powder 1688 T. D'Urfey v. 73 First, he was for cloathing me in a disguise to escape, within a minute after—Wheigh—with a Powder le pimp. 1737 T. Morgan 96 This clerical Religion is a new Thimble and Button, or a Powder le Pimp. the world > food and drink > food > additive > acid or tart flavouring > [noun] > powders c1387–95 G. Chaucer 381 And poudre marchaunt tart and galyngale. ?c1425 Recipe in (Arun. 334) (1790) 425 Colour hit wyth saffron, and do therto pouder marchant. ?c1450 in G. Müller (1929) 122 (MED) Make xiii cofynis of good fyn paste and fylle hem full of sawge and caste þer-to a lytill powdir marchaund. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > legerdemain, etc. > [noun] > juggler or conjurer > pretended magical powder 1688 55 By virtue of their Powder pimp a lim pimp, he is changed again into a limited Prince. 1704 J. Swift iv. 97 Peter would put in a certain Quantity of his Powder Pimperlim-pimp, after which it never failed of Success. 1796 R. C. tr. 161 Dortdunœil pulled out a little powder of pimperlimpimp, that admirable powder, which..makes the lasses run after the lads, as dogs do after the whip. 1381 Diuersa Servicia in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler (1985) 67 (MED) Droppe yt wyth ȝolkys of eyryn and god powder rostyng. c1450 Practica Phisicalia John of Burgundy in H. Schöffler (1919) 223 (MED) For þe dropsy in þe wombe and fete..Take..ij peny-worthe of rubarbe and..iij peny-worþe of poudir watur. a1500 Med. Recipes (Sloane 405) in F. Heinrich (1896) 106 Take iii penywyghte of scamonye and ii penywyght of rubarbe and vi penywyght of sene and iii penywyght of poudre water.iij wheiȝt of pouder water [v.r. poudre wauter]. C4. Used attributively with reference to the Debye–Scherrer method of obtaining X-ray diffraction patterns of powdered crystalline samples. Cf. Debye n.society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > X-ray, etc. the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > X-rays > study of crystals by X-rays > [noun] > photography used in > camera used in 1929 A. 125 688 The powder camera employed for these measurements is shown in fig. 10. 1974 f10/2 The geology department has recently acquired an..X-ray powder camera which can be used to identify and characterize crystalline materials. 1921 18 Nov. 498/1 These lines are all found in the powder diffraction pattern of NaCl. 1924 R. W. G. Wyckoff vi. 178 The outstanding advantage of powder diffraction methods obviously lies in their ability to treat the many crystalline materials which do not grow large single crystals. 2000 97 9963/1 The presence of crystallization was identified by the appearance of powder diffraction peaks. 1958 11 400/2 At first thought the use of a fluorescent source would seem to offer several attractive advantages for powder diffractometry. 1991 8 514/2 One way of structure elucidation is X-ray powder diffractometry. society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > photographs or images obtained by X-ray, etc. 1917 10 664 The powder photographs have an advantage..over ionization-chamber measurements, in that the intensities of reflection from different planes, as well as different orders, are directly comparable. 1936 40 411 The powder photograph is..a powerful means of recognising alloy phases. 1985 (Royal Soc.) A. 314 113 If the silver crystals are heated to 120 °C they are rapidly transformed to the golden crystals... This transformation..was confirmed by X-ray powder photographs. society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > study or process of X-ray, etc. the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > X-rays > study of crystals by X-rays > [noun] > photography used in 1924 R. W. G. Wyckoff vi. 185 A more extended description of these procedures is not justified because thus far they have found little application to powder photography. 1948 K. Lonsdale iii. 76 For powder photography monochromatic radiation is used..but the specimen is a mass of tiny crystals orientated in all directions. 1988 L. Pauling in 26 Feb. 963/2 In the case of powder photography, there are for each plane some minute crystals with the proper orientation to permit diffraction. C5. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > bases 1916 4 Mar. 4/6 An introductory ensemble—by Coty... Sub tint powder base, face powder, rouge, lipstick. 1972 1 Mar. 52/1 An ideal powder-base—inimitable beneath modern make-up to ensure a flawless, perfectly matt finish. 2005 (Nexis) 1 Mar. 37 Various iron oxide pigments can be added to powder bases to try to match the natural skin tones. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > seasoning > [noun] > one who pounds spices 1454 in H. Nicolas (1837) VI. 227 Thoffice of þe spicery..Alexander Rowton, yoman Pouder beter. 1601 in (1790) 295 The Yeoman powder-beater hath for his fees, all the bagges and boxes,..and all the barrells once emptied. 1790 295 The Yeoman powder-beater hath for his fees, all the bagges and boxes brought into the said office with spices, and all the barrells once emptied brought into the spicery and chaundry. 1971 R. Howe 15 There was a Clerk of the Spicery, and under him a Yeoman Powderbeater whose task no doubt was to grind the spices for daily use. the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > preserved meat > [noun] > salted meat 1479 in R. W. Ingram (1981) 62 Item, in ale x d In powdur beef, iiij d with mustard. 1573 C. Hollyband French Schoole-maister in M. St. C. Byrne (1949) 24 Will you have a bit of this pouder beef. 1600 T. Dekker sig. C2v Come out you powder-beefe-queanes.., come out you fatte Midriffe-swag, belly-whores. 1606 49 My powderbeefe slaue, Ile haue a rumpe of beefe for thee. 1790 G. Graglia s.v. powder v., Powder beef, salare del manso. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling > sprinkling with powder > device for 1875 E. H. Knight III. 1781/1 Powder-blower, an instrument for blowing powder on to plants or into crevices infested by insects. a1884 E. H. Knight Suppl. 717/1 Powder Blower, (Surgical.) An instrument for blowing a powder upon a part. 1974 S. Clapham vii. 57 The insecticidal dusts..can be easily and conveniently applied, preferably through a powder blower. 1991 (Nexis) Sept. 64 A powder blower to transport the additives to the powder injection point. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > sets and containers for 1894 22 Dec. 1/4 The powder-bowl in repousse silver has taken its [sc. the powder box's] place. 1919 in G. Howell (1975) 34/1 Porcelain powder bowls, for dusting powder. 1972 10 Oct. 13 Today's young people hardly know what a rose-bowl is, and few possess a cut-glass powder-bowl for loose powder and feathery puff. 2005 (Nexis) 4 June 7 The old dressing table ware from the 1930s and 40s was very elegant, especially the powder bowls. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > powders 1925 18 Oct. 9/2 (advt.) Everywhere high school and college girls are demanding this pretty toilet requisite [sc. a compact]... Fitted with powder cake and rouge. 1961 ‘A. A. Fair’ (1962) v. 82 Parts of a powder cake were on the floor, and bits of glass from the broken mirror. 2004 (Nexis) 4 Oct. 170 So many women were willing to spend $6 on a lipstick or $10 on powder cake that by 1996 her company was No. 1 in the Chinese market. society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > military vehicles > [noun] > vehicles for transport of supplies collectively > ammunition cart or wagon 1795 27 July 3/1 The enemy made another attempt from the fort of the Peninsula of Quiberon; we took from them a powder-cart, with the coat of arms of George. 1848 J. R. Lowell 1st Ser. vii. 89 But civlyzation doos git forrid Sometimes upon a powder-cart. 1918 E. S. Farrow 467 Powder Cart, a two-wheeled carriage covered with an angular roof of boards. To prevent the powder from becoming damp, a tarred canvas is put over the roof. 2001 (Nexis) 3 Feb. 2 Hopton himself was severely wounded and temporarily blinded by the explosion of a powder cart. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > bore > chamber 1710 J. Harris II Fourneau, is the Powder Chamber, or the Chamber of a Mine, which holds the Powder in Barrels or Sacks, (usually about 1000lb. Weight). 1803 Apr. 251 As soon as the lever has arrived at the position N, the powder chamber P is exactly opposite the ball, and ready to be discharged against it. 1918 E. S. Farrow 467 Powder Chamber, in gunnery, the portion of the bore for the reception of the powder charge. 1984 (Nexis) Oct. 75 The ‘2-in-1’ die..has a hardened steel pin which punches clean through the base of the powder chamber. 1999 (Nexis) 24 Sept. 27 We are about to enter ‘the most dangerous part of the fort’, the powder chamber. It does not bear thinking of what a careless match would have done to the 50 tons of gunpowder once kept here. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > places for styling hair > [noun] > for powdering the hair 1848 W. M. Thackeray xlviii. 429 Lord Steyne, who was in his place at court, as Lord of the Powder Closet, and one of the great dignitaries and illustrious defences of the throne of England. 1905 Dec. 746/1 Violante..lay dozing in the powder closet which opened out of Donna Carlotta's bedroom. 1999 (Nexis) 8 Oct. 33 They are served by a dressing room and three bathrooms, one of which is set above the porch and was originally a powder closet. 1903 15 Feb. 13/1 A cheer went up from the powder-coated throats of his men. 1948 229 It is of importance in the investigation of all magnetic circuits containing portions of increased reluctance, including powder-coated recording media. 2002 T. Lott (2003) xiii. 282 Pitched roof, powder-coated aluminium, with decorated crest finials. 1929 3 Nov. viii. (advt.) Not a mere powder-coating, but an invisible film of beauty more perfect..than any human complexion. 1951 15 June 10/2 The powder coating inside present [television] screens forms a picture by glowing whenever beams of electrons strike it. 1999 July 18/3 The modern choices for frame painting are either powder coating or ‘two-pack’ spray paint. In theory, powder coating is just like spraying paint on ‘dry’, then oven-curing it. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > paints the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [noun] > colours 1862 II. xxix. §5512 Colours prepared for missal-painting, and illumination in soluble powder-colour. 1966 J. Stevens Cox 121/1 Powder-colour, colour rinses in powder form. 1995 K. McCloud (1998) 68/3 For antiquing wax mix a little artists' oil paint, powder colour, and fuller's earth or powdered rottenstone with beeswax furniture polish and a little turpentine. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > sets and containers for 1920 12 July Jeweler-designed vanity case containing rouge or powder compact. 1996 14 Aug. 48/2 A two-in-one foundation and powder compact gives good coverage and is easy to carry for touch-ups. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > explosive for use with firearms > grain of 1612 B. Jonson i. i. sig. Bv Your complexion..Stuck full of blacke, and melancholique wormes, Like poulder cornes, shot, at th' Artillery-yard. View more context for this quotation 1856 J. A. Dahlgren 273 A choice between two sizes of shot with three charges on one hand, and one size of shot with seven charges on the other,—thereby abolishing the trouble at the shot locker, but increasing in the magazine and the powder division. 1865 in (1968) 53 77 [Brown] remained steadfast at his post and performed his duties in the powder division throughout the furious action which resulted in the surrender of the prize rebel ram Tennessee. 1998 (Nexis) July Aboard the Raleigh a young lieutenant went below deck to check on the crew in the powder division. ?1558 T. Hill vii. sig. Cviii Mustard seade..spryngeth in anye grounde: and noryshed in fyne earth, like to pouder dust. 1668 J. White (ed. 4) 87 The serpents or fisgigs are made about the bignesse of ones little finger, by rowling a paper upon a small rowler..and choaking the paper coffin an inch from the end, then fill it three inches with powder dust. 1692 (new ed.) ii. xxxi. 152 Fill these with good Powder dust, moistned with Oyle of Salt-Peter. 1792 G. Montagu 32 I proceeded to try what force equal parts of powder dust and small grains mixed together would produce. 1845 1 Feb. 281/2 It will be seen from this that the glazing is due to friction. Consequently some powder dust must result. 2004 (Nexis) 9 July [The cement plant]..would produce mixed concrete for transportation to construction sites. This would mean the plant would not produce a dry powder dust. society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of stoat 1534 in E. Peacock (1866) 207 A mantell for our lady of cloth of tysseu purfild aboute w powther armyn. c1600 (1875) I. 45 A robe of crimson velvett furred with poudre ermyns. society > communication > indication > signalling > visual signalling > flag signalling > [noun] > signal flag > specific 1864 21 Nov. 9/3 A powder flag must be kept flying during the time the combustible stores are on board. 1872 G. H. Preble (1880) 676 A Powder Flag—A plain red flag hoisted at the fore, denoting the vessel is taking in or discharging powder. 1931 12 June 5/1 Among the things you don't do aboard a battleship..are the following:... Smoke when the red ‘powder’ flag is flying. 2000 (Electronic ed.) 10 July (O.E.D. archive) §16.20.190 Every vessel approaching or passing any vessel engaged in the transfer of explosives and from which is displayed the red powder flag shall slow down to a no wake speed. the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic gases > [noun] > other named 1860 17 May 12/3 Upwards of 200 rounds were fired in all, without a single instance of miss-fire or fouling, or the slightest escape of the powder gas manifesting itself. 1890 W. J. Gordon 21 To prevent the escape of powder gas an elastic steel cap is fitted on the front of the breech-screw. 1986 (Nexis) 10 June 1/1 The idea is to use the powder gas to drive a piston, which in turn compresses hydrogen in a narrow bore holding the projectile. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling > sprinkling with powder > device for 1890 Powder-gun, an instrument for diffusing insect-powder. 1977 ‘J. Gash’ xv. 186 There were the powder guns, but black powder is notorious unstable... I decided on the Barrat pair, although they were percussion. 1985 (Nexis) Jan. 39 If you would like the poster plus Allen Fire Arms' latest catalog of quality replica black powder and smokeless powder guns, send $5 postpaid. 2005 (Nexis) 1 Apr. 48 The day will come when we will pick up a powder gun or liquid gun, trigger it and every ounce of powder or liquid will be applied to the substrate in the proper density. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [noun] > land-mine > fuse for mine 1832 R. Southey III. 420 A communication [was] formed to them with powder hoses placed between tiles. 1918 E. S. Farrow 467 Powder-hose, a tube of strong linen, about an inch in diameter, filled with powder and used in firing military mines. 1916 23 Apr. 7/2 The powder hounds have been trained by the Italian military authorities to carry ammunition to the fighting line. 1969 16 Jan. 14/1 (advt.) The super ski for powder hounds,..hugs slopes in deepest powder. 2001 Feb. 4 (advt.) The narrow, quick stance of the fall-line bump skier, or powder hound darting through the glades. society > armed hostility > military equipment > store of weapons or equipment > [noun] > place for storing weapons > gunpowder store 1461 18 July (P.R.O.: C 66/492) m. 5 Vna domo vocat. Powederhous in Turri nostra predicta [sc. the Tower of London]. 1626 in B. W. Quintrell (1993) I. 143 Wee finde..an intention to build..a second powther house. 1720 in (1921) 2 288 Daniel Powning, keeper of the Powder-House. 1848 18 216 The powder house, the pound, the poor-house and the county-house, are all objects of notice to the traveller. 1928 7 Sept. 181/4 The spark that fired this powder-house was a letter protesting against the ‘constant criticism’ of the methods of Lancashire cricketers. 1997 Sept.–Oct. 100/2 It was a self-sufficient complex that included a..powder house and proofing house (where the muskets were test fired). society > armed hostility > military equipment > store of weapons or equipment > [noun] > place for storing weapons > gunpowder store > keeper of 1789 in (1886) X. 183 Foster Thomas, powder-house-keeper. society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > tender or supply vessel 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Powder-hoy, an ordnance vessel expressly fitted to convey powder from the land magazine to a ship; it invariably carries a red distinguishing flag. 1994 P. O'Brian (1996) vii. 193 I ask him to have a powder-hoy, a loaded powder-hoy, ready for me when the squadron arrives. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > [noun] 1613 G. Wither ii. iv. sig. S4v The Law, that now preuents, And barres the vse of Pouder-instruments. 1648 Bp. J. Wilkins i. xvii. 126 The greatest Cannon in use, does not carry above 64 pound weight... Amongst the Turks..there have been sometimes used such powder instruments, as may equall the force of those invented by Archimedes. the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning or cleanliness of the person > [noun] > knife for scraping powder from skin 1779 i.46 Seven steel razors, value 14s. nine pair of steel scissars, value 9s. a powder knife, value 2s. seven pair of metal shoe buckles, value 7s. [etc.]. 1806 J. Beresford I. x. 260 Using a powder-knife which has so broad an edge, that it grounds the powder into your skin. 1996 71 86 The scarf left by the Ghost of Hamlet's father, a powder-knife..and a doctor's bag join Mariane's scarf and pearls as tangible memorabilia. society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > lime materials > [noun] > powdered lime 1765 C. Varlo xii. 217 Take the bulk of two or three wheat sheaves of wormwood..with this mix two bushels of common salt, four bushels of quick or powder lime and three pounds of copperas. 1793 J. Smeaton (ed. 2) §185 I..tried a quantity of powder-lime that had fallen from a stone imperfectly burnt. society > armed hostility > military equipment > store of weapons or equipment > [noun] > place for storing weapons > gunpowder store society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > room, locker, or quarters > [noun] > other specific rooms on naval vessel society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > container for gunpowder 1712 12 The States of Holland had resolv'd to cause his Majesty to be receiv'd at the Powder Magazine upon the Channel. 1832 F. A. Butler 21 Nov. (1835) I. 387 We looked at the guns and powder magazine..and peeped into the officers' quarters. 1888 R. Kipling 7 Dec. 147 You shouldn't take a man from Canada And bid him smoke in powder-magazines. 1933 J. Buchan ii. ii. 196 Birkpool is..becoming a powder magazine. 2005 (Nexis) 29 June Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his followers, had converted the finest mosques into powder magazines or stables. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [adjective] > branches of 1949 21 88/1 The production of intricate structures is due to the fact that moulding powders are now made by powder-metallurgical processes. 2002 374 597/1 Processing of steel with powder metallurgical methods such as sintering or hot-pressing have proven to be a powerful tool for the production of industrial parts. society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > in specific branch 1949 C. G. Goetzel I. p. vii The final chapter of Part One covers briefly the many uses for metal powders that are somewhat beyond the sphere of interest of the powder metallurgist. 1980 (Nexis) 10 July d2/1 As in other industries that are heavily dependent on the automobile industry, powder metallurgists saw their business decline last year. society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > branches of metallurgy 1933 134 373/1 What is frequently referred to as ‘powder metallurgy’ had its beginnings at the turn of the century when the metals tungsten and molybdenum first became commercial commodities. 1959 12 Mar. 453/1 Coolidge in America developed the process now known as powder metallurgy, by which a bar of compressed tungsten powder was sintered at a temperature below the melting point of the metal. 1993 R. J. Pond (ed. 2) x. 296 Powder metallurgy..is a manufacturing technique involving the compaction of powdered metal. 2002 (Nexis) 4 Nov. (Business section) 5 Powder metallurgy is a way of producing complex, high-performance parts in one pressing. society > occupation and work > workplace > place where specific things are made > [noun] > explosives 1645 No. 14. 6 Our Pouder Mill was burnt. 1772 G. White 5 Jan. (1970) v. 47 The concussion felt Jan.: 6..was occasioned by the blowing-up of the powder-mill near Hounslow. 1856 R. W. Emerson xv. 264 We walked with some circumspection, as if we were entering a powder-mill. 1951 N. Pevsner (Buildings of Eng.) 115 The famous old powder mills have alas been pulled down. 2004 (Nexis) 19 Mar. It is 70 years since the production of gunpowder stopped at Leigh powder mills, costing many local jobs. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [noun] > land-mine a1639 T. Dekker et al. (1658) v. i. 52 Like a swift Powder-Mine beneath the world, Up would I blow it. 1726 tr. G. Daniel III. 181 This castle is the first place that was ever taken by a powder-mine. 1832 T. Carlyle (1847) III. 114 The explosion of powder-mines and artillery-parks naturally attracts every eye and ear. 1909 ‘O. Henry’ xvii. 275 Calm now, but a powder mine where he had been but a whiff of the tantrums. 2002 (Nexis) Summer 267 The public does not understand to what extent they are living over a powder mine. society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > paints 1911 24 May 6/3 Jay Clewson is..agent for A. L. Rice's powder paints. 1939 L. de Lissa ix. 158 Powder paints are cheap and suitable and can be obtained in good colours. 1955 E. Blishen i. 33 How should I learn to distinguish between different types of brush, to mix powder paint? 2005 (Nexis) 2 Apr. 34 A wild-eyed herbalist who waved in my face a jar of potion the rainbow colours of children's powder paints. 1900 10 May French cashmere..and fine French flannel in soft powder pink make pretty house blouses. 1902 12 Mar. For a younger wearer is a bodice of powder-pink silk. 1992 June 8/2 Every July Uncle Fred's back garden is nearly overrun with the two-foot..tall poppies, which grow in powder pink and clear red. 2000 1 Mar. i. 5/8 Pretty ballerinas in powder pink tulle. society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > an insurrection > specific 1611 in M. C. Questier (1998) 128 He is very sharp against diverse of their writers about the doctrine of deposition & the powder plott. 1651 R. Williams Bloody Tenent yet More Bloody in R. H. Pearce (1956) 59 This Tenent is so universally opposite to God and man..that like the Powder-plot, it threatens to blow up all Religion. 1716 T. Bradbury 4 The first amazing Kindness that's inscribed upon the Fifth of November..is the Discovery of the Powder-Plot. 1837 T. Carlyle I. v. viii. 284 Levelled Cannon, Guy-Faux powder-plots (for that too was spoken of). 1900 LXIII. 163/1 The trial of Guy Fawkes and the great powder-plot conspirators. 1996 (Nexis) 23 Aug. (Review section) 15 The Powder Plot is not just a story of Jacobean intrigue, and plotting and sub-plotting at the centre of State. society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > insurgent > partisan in specific insurrection 1614 T. Jackson iii. xxxii. §3 If powder-plotters, or publique Assasinates may be dignified with titles of Saints. 1663 E. Hickeringill Apol. Distressed Innocence in (1709) I. 297 The old Powder-Plotters..are shot-free and Justice-proof by a pious charm. 1684 J. Moore 43 This King-killing Doctrine..was the foundation upon which the Powder Plotters laid their horrible Design. 1950 H. N. Paul 238 After the trial of the powder plotters the people of England..for the first time learned a good deal about the Jesuits' doctrine of equivocation. 1996 (Nexis) 23 Aug. 15 Lady Antonia, a Catholic herself, is not above the temptation to allow..absolving..waters to flow over the wounds of her blessed powder plotters. society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [adjective] > specific insurrection 1653 R. Baxter 34 Powder Plotting Papists. 1795 10 There is a tax..often suggested to our powder-plotting helmsman, and that undoubtedly would prove productive in more senses than one..I mean a tax on bachelors. the world > food and drink > food > container for food > [noun] > chest, box, or bag > for salt or spices society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > container for gunpowder 1496 in T. Dickson (1877) I. 294 For xij powdir pokis of leddir to the gunnaris. 1532 VI. 155 Item, deliverit to thame [gunners] vj pulder pokis. 1548 in J. B. Paul (1911) IX. 271 Pulder polkes. the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > worthless or quack the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > loss of material > worm-eaten state > powder of a worm-eaten post 1790 S. Deane 151/1 The smaller kind [of timber worm] eats only the sappy part of the wood, turning it to what is vulgarly called powder-post. 1845 S. Judd ii. vii. 313 The grubs of the law have gnawed into us, and we are all powder-post. 1863 D. G. Mitchell 83 A wild, sweeping, gallant blaze..wrapped old powder-post timbers in its roar. 1927 No. 1490. 7 Powder post is that class of defects in which the larvae of insects reduce the wood fibers of seasoned or partially seasoned wood to a powderlike condition. 2003 (Nexis) 13 May [They] discovered powder post damage in the house, caused by insects in the wood. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Diversicornia > member of family Lyctidae (powder-post beetle) 1904 10 Mar. 3/3 The powder-post beetle has an enormous appetite, and seemingly unlimited capacity for the various well-seasoned woods used in building. 1928 2 42 The sapwood..has been reduced to a finely powdered, floury condition—the characteristic damage that gives the name of ‘powder-post beetles’ to the Lyctus species. 1995 Dec. 33/4 Nature devised bark beetles and powder-post beetles to grind cellulose small enough that molds and bacteria can consume it. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > incendiary missile 1611 W. Pemberton Let. 23 Apr. in F. C. Danvers (1896) I. 88 I pray you..to give order for more powder pots, as also for a little lime to mingle with the powder. 1774 F. Holliday p. x I need not say any thing with regard how to make cartridges, to fix the hand-grenades, powder-chests, powder-pots, powder-tubs, &c. 1876 23 Mar. 2/1 Mrs. Harry thought remorsefully of the little china powder pot with its downy puff, with which she used to ‘cool down’ her complexion on hot days. 1929 J. Steinbeck iii. 135 Powder pots flew over the walls, tearing and maiming the defenders in their burst. 1992 J. Chambers 49 Bedrooms in Victorian times always had a ‘chamber set’, which consisted of a pitcher, or jug, basin, soapdish and powder pot. society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > [noun] > manufacture of firearms and ammunition > testing > testing instruments > apparatus for testing gunpowder 1792 G. Montagu 3 Persons are too apt to fancy they have the most unparalleled gun, the best method of loading, and the most unerring powder prover. 1871 W. P. Blake 28 In composition, the principal difference between this and other powders is the substitution of peat for charcoal; and this, together with the method of manufacture, produces an article which, it is claimed, has invariably shown, in the ‘powder prover,’ a strength from twenty to thirty percent. 1908 Nov. 742 The..straight end of the tube is fitted with a spring powder-push with a double bellows. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > instrument used to apply > instrument used to apply powder 1878 18 Nov. In that glove she carries..a wad of bills..matinee checks and maybe a diminutive powder rag. a1911 D. G. Phillips (1917) II. ii. 33 Susan..safeguarded her nose against shine; she tucked the powder rag into the stocking. 2003 (Nexis) 19 Aug. 1 c Public primping using powder rags, eyebrow pencils and rouge brushes were flaunted openly at the theaters, restaurants, hotels and in shops. 1760 3 387 He went into the Cabin, open'd the Powder Scuttle,..collected the Remains of his Crew, [etc.]. 2005 14 Oct. (O.E.D. Archive) Powder scuttles mounted on bulkheads allow powder to be passed between compartments while maintaining complete separation. 1890 Powder-shoot, a canvas tube for conveying empty powder-boxes from the gun-deck of a ship to a lower deck. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > places which sell a1704 T. Brown Acct. Conversat. Liberty of Conscience in Duke of Buckingham (1705) II. i. 129 You think my Trade a Nuisance, I like it better, than a Powder-Shop. the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > other 1972 D. Haston xi. 115 I could put this [failure] out of my mind swooping around the powder slopes. 1996 13 Oct. (Review section) 24/4 They like wide open powder slopes, fast cruising pistes and as few drag-lifts as possible. 1683 J. Oldham 189 There's nought so mean, can scape the flatt'ring Sot, Not his Lord's Snuff-box, nor his Powder-Spot. 1721 No. 5957/3 A blue Powder-Spot under his Left Eye. the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > powder or castor sugar 1598 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung at Sugar The fourth kinde is the Malta or powder Sugar. 1624 Althorp MS p. lvi. in J. N. Simpkinson (1860) App. Powther sugar 2 barrells. 1753 E. Purefoy Let. 26 Sept. in G. Eland (1931) I. iv. 69 Send mee..half an hundred of Powder sugar at 66s. 1854 V. Aimé (1878) 172 Through making powder sugar. 1999 (Nexis) 30 Mar. 1 e On a typical week she orders 100 pounds of butter..200 pounds of powder sugar, 50 pounds of chocolate chips, [etc.]. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle > sprinkle (a surface) with something > (as) with specific substance 1654 E. Gayton iii. iii. 84 She powder-sugar'd it with a little burnt Allum. 2001 (Nexis) 23 June 1 a Most Saturdays he's at the bakery by 3 a.m., icing coffee cakes or powder-sugaring doughnuts. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > on other commodities 1775 T. Jefferson 20 May (1997) I. 394 P[ai]d. for 14. tythes Albemarle listed in my name the powder tax 21/. 1794 J. Moser (title) The Meal Tub Plot; or, Remarks on the Powder Tax, by a Barber. 1861 G. W. Thornbury I. 163 The powder-tax that the Tories imposed in 1795..drove out wigs. 1887 XI. 305/2 Coleridge..discoursed..on the corn laws and the powder tax, and put to flight a very thin congregation. 1995 (Nexis) 26 Dec. 10 In a surprise end run, the powdered milk industry convinced the Senate to pass the powder tax. 2004 (Nexis) 27 Dec. 34 The ‘hair gel tax’ is their variation on Pitt the Younger's wig powder tax of 1795. society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > insurgent > partisan in specific insurrection 1612 in M. C. Questier (1998) 180 It was told the Bishops that we were Iesu[i]tted men and I in particuler a powder traiter. 1731 VI. 228/2 His Zeal in apprehending..the Powder Traitors. 1787 I. 410 He lays his train, like a powder-traitor, and gets out of the way, while he blows up all that trusted him. society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > an insurrection > specific 1607 S. Hieron Ruine Gods Enemies in (1620) I. 442 An euident instant whereof we haue had in the powder-treason; a deuice, which a man would thinke the diuell himselfe should be ashamed to father. 1714 E. Ward (ed. 3) II. vii. vii. 4 Who..Had got so excellent a Nose, That he could smell out Powder-Treason, Like a Jack-daw in Cherry-Season. 1769 W. Blackstone IV. iv. 57 The powder-treason..struck a panic into James I. which operated in different ways. 1821 260 The flagitious and monstrous project known by the name of the powder-treason. 2001 (Nexis) Aug. 229 The reverberations of the Powder Treason yet affected the court, and a hit list had been uncovered. society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > [noun] > manufacture of firearms and ammunition > testing > testing instruments > apparatus for testing gunpowder 1667 Sir R. Moray in (Royal Soc.) 2 476 The Strength of the Powder must be examin'd by a Powder-Tryer. 1782 B. Thompson in (Royal Soc.) 71 298 All the eprouvettes, or powder-triers, in common use are defective. 1854 R. S. Surtees xxvii. 199 Guns, swords, game-bags, powder-tryers. Derivatives 1812 J. Sinclair i. 178 The land in a powder-like state. 1871 E. Colbert 204 The fire [was] aided by the almost powder-like material..found in the planing-mills, lumber-piles, and pine buildings of that region. 1927 No. 1490. 7 The larvae of insects reduce the wood fibers of seasoned or partially seasoned wood to a powderlike condition. 1991 Spring 57 The snow starts to get powderlike. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). powdern.2Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: pother n., Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps an alteration of pother n. by association with powder n.1Perhaps compare Scots uses of powder n.1 (from the late 18th and early 19th centuries respectively) in the senses ‘energy, force, fire, brains, gumption’ and ‘force or strength behind the delivery of a stone in curling’, both apparently originating from the sense ‘gunpowder’ (see Sc. National Dict. s.v. pouther n., v.). English regional ( northern) in later use. the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > violently [phrase] c1600 (1907) iii. iv. 1295 Ile sett you in with a powder. [stage direct.] (hee fells him.) ?1640 (1877) 39 If I might have my will itt should goe downe with a pouder. 1650 T. Fuller v. v. 151 Jordan..comes down with a powder, and at set times overflowes all his bankes. 1663 E. Waterhouse 515 Then in came the French, with a powder as we say, and everything was done and said a la mode de France. 1678 S. Butler iii. i. 61 When th' heard a knocking, at the Gate Laid on in hast, with such a powder, The blows grew louder, still, and louder. 1766 E. Buys 603/3 Powder, to do a thing with a powder (or in great haste). c1780 in S. Gilpin (1866) 275 [Cumberland] Heame set he in a powder. 1878 W. Dickinson (ed. 2) Pooder, hurry: Off he went in sic a pooder. 1898 B. Kirkby (at cited word) He was gaan at a tremendous pooder. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). powderv.1Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French pudrer , poudrer ; powder n.1 Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman pudrer, poodrer, poudrer, puldrer and Middle French, French poudrer to reduce to powder (12th cent. in Old French), to free of dust (c1210), to cover with powder, to dust with powder (13th cent.; subsequently also spec. to apply powder to (the hair) (1636)), to strew, to scatter (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), to salt (probably late 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), to ornament (with small devices) (15th cent. in Anglo-Norman; mid 14th cent. as past participle in heraldic use) < poudre powder n.1, and partly < powder n.1 Compare post-classical Latin poudrare, pudrare to dust or sprinkle with salt or spice (frequently from 1247 in British sources), to sprinkle or spangle, as a means of ornamentation (frequently from 1340 in British sources).In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). I. To sprinkle or treat with powder, or something in the state of powder. 1. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle > any powder ?c1335 in W. Heuser (1904) 90 Þi felle wiþ oute nis bot a sakke, Ipudrid ful wiþ drit and ding. ?a1425 (?c1350) (Rawl.) 1865 Þou sall..ffall to þe erth, and powdre [v.r. powder] þe, And pray God haue mercy of me. c1440 5 (MED) Bot schafe þe hede at þe begynnynge & gare it blede and powdere þe scalles with sawndeuere. 1568 T. Hill (rev. ed.) i. xiii. f. 82 Which lightly couer or poulder with earthe, in that place, wher they most swarme. 1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil ii. 29 With dust al powdred, with filthood dustye bedagled. 1607 R. Niccols 32 His ycie Helmet powdered with white snow Great terror and bright glory both did show. 1791 tr. (new ed.) 275 Powdering over them [sc. violets]..some of the finest royal loaf sugar, in small quantities at a time. 1854 Nov. 753 The clothes must be perfumed, the linen powdered to overcome the smell of soap. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. VIII. 870 It is a good plan after washing the feet to powder them..with boric acid. 1912 W. de la Mare 23 The North wind powders me with snow. 1987 L. Goldman iv. 24 To support us Celia worked three hours a day powdering donuts at the factory. 2005 (Nexis) 9 June It [sc. a tree]..relishes powdering my car with a thick layer of pollen every spring. ?1790 C. Dibdin 205 How sweet in the Dog-days to take the fresh air, Where to save you expence, the dust powders your hair. 1876 J. Greenwood 211 When first frosts powder the short-nipped grass. 1925 5 July 13/4 All day long the penetrating Moscow dust powders the sandwiches, peppers the cakes. 1974 A. Stevenson 2 Dust powders the air. 1987 T. C. Boyle (1988) i. v. 50 Here he was..snow powdering his black cloak till he looked like an olykoek dusted with sugar. 2000 (Nexis) 26 Mar. Cables dangle from panels, and Sheetrock dust powders the walls. †2. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > seasoning > season [verb (transitive)] > season with spice ?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne 110 in W. Heuser (1904) 148 Þe leuerokes..Liȝtiþ adun to man is muþ..Pudrid wiþ gilofre and canel. c1440 (Thornton) (1949) 1418 (MED) Sythen scho broght in haste Plouerrs powdird in paste. c1450 in T. Austin (1888) 81 (MED) Caste there-to pouder of ginger and peper, saffron and salt, and pouder hit faire til hit be rosted ynogh. the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] > add as ingredient to a mixture > qualify by admixture a1425 Daily Work (Arun.) in C. Horstmann (1895) I. 149 (MED) He mai god biseke of grace..þat here steris him in gode werkis, & with deuocion & likyngs poudirs þaim so þat þai mai be savouri til his dere lorde. a1425 J. Wyclif (1869) I. 58 (MED) Al þis speche is poudrid wiþ gabbinge. c1475 (?c1400) J. Wyclif (1871) III. 433 Ȝit þei poudren blasphemye in among þis apostasye. 1534 Coloss. iv. 6 Let youre speache be all wayes well favoured and be powdred with salt. a1586 Sir P. Sidney (1590) iii. xii. sig. Pp2 Framed to him a very thankefull message, poudring it with some hope-giuing phrases. a1661 T. Fuller (1662) Berks. 98 Powdering their lives with improbable passages, to the great prejudice of truth. 1790 E. Burke 105 The opiate potion of amnesty, powdered with all the ingredients of scorn. View more context for this quotation 3. the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > seasoning > season [verb (transitive)] the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] > preserve with salt ?c1425 Recipe in (Arun. 334) (1790) 466 (MED) Pouder hom with salt al a nyght, and on the mornynge wash of the salte. a1475 (Sloane) (1862) 6 To powder befe with in a nyȝt, Þou welle þo salt in water bryȝt; Malt hit in bryne [etc.]. 1494 in J. D. Marwick I. 67 At na flescheour tak vpoun hand to powder ony flesche to sell. 1542 A. Borde xvi. sig. H.iii Olde beef..moderatly powderyd that the groose blode by salte may be exhaustyd. 1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster sig. Gijv Inuoluinge with cereclothe, and pouderinge with spyces the bodye. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach iii. f. 153 The tubbes that you poulder in, must be such as haue had Oyle in. 1610 S. Jourdain 19 Wee prepared and made our selues ready, to ship for Virginia, hauing powdred some store of hogs flesh. a1661 T. Fuller (1662) Cornw. 194 Imploying a power of poor people, in..Powdering and Drying them [sc. pilchards]. 1715 M. Prior 79 She roasted red veal, and she powder'd lean beef. 1725 R. Bradley at Purslain If you would comfit your Purslain..powder them well with Salt and Cloves..fill the Pot with good Vinegar. 1798 2 435 To powder beef. c1830 Mrs. Sherwood in III. No. 81. 4 My good girl,..just powder me that ham, or dish me those turnips. 1854 D. Robertson (new ed.) 62 Mrs M'Millan's cook and your barber seem to be the best hands at poutherin' beef I know. 1880 (new ed.) at Pouther To pouther butter or beef. the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)] the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve from decay, loss, or destruction 1530 R. Whitford (new ed.) sig. Diiv Yf you powder your flesshe whyle it is newe and swete it wyl contynue good mete..Powder your chylder therfore be tyme. 1614 R. Tailor i. i. B iij If you haue powdred vp my plot in your sconce, you may home sir. 1654 T. Fuller 27 All Spirituall Meat is not..for our present spending and feeding thereon, but (as good Husbands) we are to powder up some for the time to come. 1660 tr. M. Amyraut iii. vi. 434 That horrible Leviathan which is powder'd up I know not where against the manifestation of the Messias. 4. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > apply preparations to the hair [verb (transitive)] > powder the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > beautify (the skin or complexion) [verb (transitive)] > powder 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne i. i, in I. 532 Still to bee pou'dred, still perfum'd. View more context for this quotation 1633 J. Ford ii. sig. D2v She shall no oftner powder her haire, surfell her cheekes, cleanse her teeth. 1668–9 in II. ii.177 To Tho. Marshall for trimming powdering & dressing ye Actors. 1711 R. Steele No. 2. ⁋2 He has his shoes rubb'd and his Perriwig powder'd at the Barber's. 1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb I. 150 Men and women..powder themselves all over with Buchu. 1756 M. Calderwood (1884) 308 Her hair curled and powdered, with a little cap. 1800 M. Edgeworth Basket-woman in (ed. 3) V. 31 To wear when people are powdering their hair..that they may not spoil their other shoes. 1870 C. Dickens iii. 18 A red nose?..she can always powder it. 1883 27 5 [One] who was not highly rouged and powdered. 1913 Let. in 13 Dec. One night, feeling in the right mood, I dressed myself completely in her clothes..put on my wig and powdered my face very heavily. 1953 A. Hébert House on Esplanade in 60 213 When Stephanie's breakfast was finished, the maid would bathe, dress, and powder her mistress, then do her hair. 2002 (Nexis) 17 Mar. 10 The young ladies of Wigan were seen preparing for a night out, powdering their faces and bolting on their jewellery. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > beautify the skin or complexion [verb (intransitive)] > apply powder the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > apply preparations to the hair [verb (intransitive)] > powder 1700 M. Pix ii. 15 Patching, Painting, Powdering like a Woman, and squeaking like an Eunuch. 1762 T. Jefferson Let. 25 Dec. in (1950) I. 5 I am sure the man who powders most, parfumes most, embroiders most, and talks most nonsense, is most admired. 1806 R. Southey Let. in M. Moorman (1965) II. iii. 73 Wordsworth flourishes in London, he powders and goes to all the great routs. 1810 I. 10 Edward and William were scrubbing and powdering to mount behind. 1914 S. Lewis vii. 95 In her room Istra Nash inspected her nose in a mirror, powdered, and sat down to write, on thick creamy paper. 1969 R. T. Wilcox (1970) 88/1 Venetian gentlemen also painted, powdered and patched. 1988 S. Bellow 82 You went ahead with your life: showered and powdered with talcum in the morning. the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > [verb (intransitive)] > of woman 1921 W. S. Maugham i. 28 I must powder my nose, Hughie. 1930 A. Bennett lvi. 417 That's the bathroom and so on... You can hang your overcoat in there—and powder your nose. 1962 5 Dec. 6/5 Useful information..about where to park..dine, stay overnight, and—for women—powder one's nose in comfort. 1972 L. P. Davies 72 I'll use your bathroom. To powder my nose, as nice girls say. 2001 M. Blake xxvii. 312 Davey rose and went to powder his nose. It was cool in the men's room and he found it easier to think in there. the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > make white [verb (transitive)] 1890 (at cited word) Lace which has grown yellow is powdered by being placed in a packet of white lead and beaten. II. To sprinkle or scatter with something resembling powder; to sprinkle like powder. 6. transitive (with surface, etc., as object). the world > matter > colour > variegation > spot of colour > spot [verb (transitive)] > speckle society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > pattern [verb (transitive)] > scattered pattern the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle > sprinkle (a surface) with something > with any powder c1380 (1879) 2543 (MED) Þe mametes..y-maked ware of gold þat schon ful briȝt, y-poudred wiþ stones preciouse. a1450 (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 5680 (MED) The champe of the feld was goules, Thik y-poudred with smale foules. a1475 (?a1325) (Harl. 5396) (1914) 221 A cote-armour I bar with me..Poudret [ B y-pouderyd; v.rr. Powdered, Poudurd, Poudred] with fyue roses rede. 1490 W. Caxton tr. xv. 54 The erthe taketh a newe cote..of fyn gras, powdred with floures of a hundred thousande maners of colours. 1536 Reg. Riches Cathedral of Sarum in E. Ledwich (1771) 198 Many copes, powdered with Lyons Ostrages Troifoils, Flower de Luces and dyvers Armes, in number sixteen. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens ii. xliv. 202 Floures..poudered or dashte with small spottes. 1580 C. Hollyband Vn Chamarre broché de pourpre, a garment poudred with purple studdes. 1612 M. Drayton xv. 241 Nature..Who seems in that her pearle [the daisy] so greatly to delight, That euery Plaine therewith she powdreth to beholde. 1667 J. Milton vii. 581 The Galaxie, that Milkie way Which nightly as a circling Zone thou seest Pouderd with Starrs. View more context for this quotation 1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 21 May in (1955) VII. 276 Delicious vinyards, gardens &c powder'd with little white houses. 1766 J. Entick Surv. London in IV. 415 Gold shoes powdered with pearls. 1847 B. Disraeli III. v. v. 93 The daughter of Besso wore..large Mamlouk trowsers of rose-coloured silk that fell over her slippers, powdered with diamonds. 1886 Jan. 94/2 Huge square footstools are powdered with embroidered chrysanthemums. 1901 4 Oct. 6477 That the robe or mantle of the Peers be of crimson velvet,..powdered with bars or rows of ermine. 1972 E. Pargeter vi. 161 The high cheekbones showed, powdered with red freckles. 1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson 205 (Gloss.) Pantheon, monster resembling a hind powdered with estoiles or mullets, usually with a bushy tail. 2005 (Nexis) 27 Mar. 58 She..once lifted her skirt to reveal to colleagues that her pubic hair was powdered with gold. 1862 ‘Ouida’ Cecil Castlemaine's Gage in Feb. 232 Daisies powdering the turf sodden with human blood. 2000 (Nexis) 22 Mar. 19 Stars powdered the vastness of time. the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle > (as) specific substance c1400 (?c1380) 44 Gilofre, gyngure, & gromylyoun, & pyonys powdered ay bytwene. c1400 (?c1390) (1940) 800 (MED) Mony pynakle payntet watz poudred ay-quere among þe castel carnelez. 1483 c. 8 Preamble The Sellers of such course Clothes..usen for to powder and cast Flokkys of fynner Cloth upon the same. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil xii. ii. 40 Or quhar the schene lilleis in ony steid War pulderit wyth the vermel rosis reid. a1547 Earl of Surrey (1964) 19 What will she do when hory heares are powdred in her hedde. 1603 G. Owen (1892) iv. 40 As for the Irishmen they are soe powdred among the Inhabitaunts..that in euerye village you shall find the thirde, fourth, or fift housholder an Irishman. 1744 J. Paterson 374 Prodigious clusters of small stars,..poudered or cast close together, as it were dust sprinkled upon a floor. 1890 (at cited word) To powder violets on a silk ground. 1910 E. M. Forster xli. 323 While, powdered in between, were the villas of business men. 1937 R. Byron v. 243 A frieze of white suls writing powdered over a field of gentian blue. III. To reduce or fall down to powder. 8. the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > form into grains or granules [verb (transitive)] > make into powder or dust a1400 tr. Lanfranc (Ashm.) (1894) 196 (MED) Reed cley & alyme, poudre [L. terantur] alle þese, & herwiþ frote þe place. ?a1425 f. 93v (MED) Take halfe ane ounce of verdegrece & pouder it smale on a marbel stone. c1450 Practica Phisicalia John of Burgundy in H. Schöffler (1919) 210 (MED) Take salt and powderytt small. ?a1500 in G. Henslow (1899) 48 (MED) Loke þou haue y-broke half a pound of tormeltille wel y-poudred. ?1543 (new ed.) sig. Giiiv Also drynke the ioyce of this herbe, or powder the sede for it is good to hele the flyx. 1588 W. Bayley sig. C2 The medicine will more loose the belly..if the things be finely powdered into dust. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne i. vii. 33 The which pouldred he prescribeth to be taken in a reale egg. a1625 J. Fletcher Humorous Lieut. ii. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher (1647) 128/1 When would he weep for me thus? I may be dead, and powder'd. 1658 tr. G. della Porta iv. xxiii. 152 For every Dolium, powder one ounce of Allome. 1718 J. Quincy 11 In the powdering such things as Jallop, Ipecacuanha, and the like. 1787 ‘P. Pindar’ (ed. 5) iii. 8 The Lad who would a 'Pothecary shine, Should powder Claws of Crabs, and Jalap, fine. 1863 A. P. Stanley I. iv. 86 The vast enclosure of its brick walls..now almost powdered into dust. 1949 P. H. Buck (1950) ii. xiii. 319 In New Zealand, red ochre, or haematite, was termed karamea and after it was burnt and powdered it became kokowai or horu. 1991 (BNC) Apr. 32 Fresh coffee beans..are finely ground or powdered daily. 1973 L. Giovannitti vii. 146 ‘Man, we powdered them,’ Sergeant Bright said. 1982 B. Downey xii. 134 We just powdered the son of a buck. the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > become granular or form grains [verb (intransitive)] > become powder or dust 1526 cxlv. sig. Iiv/2 Yf the rote be dryed as it is gadred it may be kept two yeres..yf it powdre not whan it is broken. 1776 Sept. 227 She..called out..when any of the medicine was either powdering or putting up. 1864 Powder, v.i.,..to become like powder; as, some salts powder easily. 1978 T. O'Brien xi. 78 The rounds hit the village in thirty-second intervals... Hoi An glowed. Trees powdered. 1993 (BNC) 8 Jan. 15 She..assured me that it [sc. a book] contained all I would ever need to know about cooking for ever. She was right. I have used it until it has powdered. IV. Senses relating to gunpowder. †10. 1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster sig. D4v Powder the Varlet, pistoll him. society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > load or prime (a gun) 1643 8 Not with..powdering our guns. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). powderv.2Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: powder n.2 Etymology: < powder n.2 Compare slightly earlier powdering adj.2 colloquial and British regional. the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and violently 1632 F. Quarles i. lxvii Zacheus climb'd the Tree: But O how fast,..(when Our Saviour called) he powder'd down agen! c1645 I. Tullie (1840) 33 About 800 horse..come powdering towards the Cowes so fast. 1684 T. Otway iii. 22 The Dice powd'ring out of the Box. 1694 R. L'Estrange (ed. 2) 3 Down comes a kite powdering upon them in the interim, and gobbles up both together. 1744 R. North & M. North 120 The Refusal came powdering from him by Wholesale. 1809 M. Edgeworth Ennui iii, in I. 63 You'll take four [horses]..and you'll see how we'll powder along. 1839 C. Dickens xxxix. 384 I think I see 'un now, a powderin' awa' at the thin bread an' butther! 1857 G. W. Thornbury 115 And powdering fast, the men and horses Thundering swept down Frampton Hill. 1895 A. Forbes i. 13 All Belgrade, feverish for further news, rushed out into the street as I powdered along. 1953 M. Traynor 218/1 Powtherin' away at his work. Powdering along the road. 1990 J. McGahern 76 There's nothing like the lake and the open air for powdering through the lessons. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1c1300n.2c1600v.1?c1335v.21632 |