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单词 powder
释义

powdern.1

Brit. /ˈpaʊdə/, U.S. /ˈpaʊdər/
Forms:

α. Middle English podere, Middle English podur, Middle English poudere, Middle English poudire, Middle English poudur, Middle English poudyr, Middle English poundir (transmission error), Middle English pouudre, Middle English powdere, Middle English powdir, Middle English powdire, Middle English powdour, Middle English powdur, Middle English powdyr, Middle English powdyre, Middle English poweder, Middle English powedre, Middle English puder (northern), Middle English pudre (northern), Middle English–1500s poudir, Middle English–1500s pouldre, Middle English–1500s pulder (chiefly northern), Middle English–1600s poudre, Middle English–1600s poulder, Middle English–1600s powdre, Middle English–1700s pouder, Middle English– powder, 1500s povder, 1500s–1600s powlder, 1800s– powdher (Irish English); English regional (northern) 1800s– pooder, 1800s– pudder, 1900s– poodther (Yorkshire); Scottish pre-1700 paudir (in compounds), pre-1700 peuder, pre-1700 pewder, pre-1700 poder, pre-1700 polder, pre-1700 poldre, pre-1700 poldyr, pre-1700 poudar, pre-1700 poudder, pre-1700 poudir, pre-1700 poudre, pre-1700 poudyr, pre-1700 pouldar, pre-1700 poulder, pre-1700 pouldre, pre-1700 poullder, pre-1700 povdir, pre-1700 powdar, pre-1700 powdder, pre-1700 powdere, pre-1700 powdir, pre-1700 powdre, pre-1700 powdyr, pre-1700 powlder, pre-1700 powldir, pre-1700 powldre, pre-1700 powuder, pre-1700 pudder, pre-1700 puder, pre-1700 pudir, pre-1700 pudre, pre-1700 pudyr, pre-1700 puldar, pre-1700 pulder, pre-1700 puldir, pre-1700 puldre, pre-1700 puldyr, pre-1700 pulldar, pre-1700 pullder, pre-1700 pultre, pre-1700 pvlder, pre-1700 pwdir, pre-1700 1700s–1800s pouder, pre-1700 1700s– powder, 1800s– pooder.

β. Middle English pouþer, Middle English–1600s pouther, 1500s–1600s (1800s– English regional (northern) and Irish English) powther, 1800s– poother (English regional (northern)); Scottish pre-1700 poutthard, pre-1700 powthir, pre-1700 puther, pre-1700 1700s–1800s powther, pre-1700 1800s– pouther, 1800s– poother.

γ. Middle English poure.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French pudre, poldre, poudre.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pudre, podre, poudre, poudere, pudere, poure, puldre and Old French poldre, puldre, pulre, Middle French poudre, pouldre, poulre, poure (French poudre ) dust (1100), finely ground substance (a1190), medicinal powder (13th cent.), cosmetic in powder form (1328), gunpowder (1361; 1367–71 in poudre à canon ; 1690 in sentir la poudre à canon (of a geographical area) to stand in extreme danger at the first declaration of war) < classical Latin pulver- , pulvis dust (see pulver n.). Compare Old Occitan polvera (early 13th cent.; also poldra (14th cent. in an isolated attestation, probably < French)), Catalan pólvora , †pólvera (both 13th cent.), Italian polvere (12th or 13th cent.); compare also Middle French poulce pouce n. and cognates cited at that entry.With the change of postvocalic /d/ to /ð/ before /ər/ in β forms compare note at mother n.1 Recorded in surnames in the late 13th cent. (William le Poudre (1260), Johannes le Poudere (1294), Galfrido pouder (1296–7)), but these more probably reflect the Anglo-Norman than the Middle English word. They could alternatively show reduced forms of an agent noun (compare powderer n.) with the meaning ‘spicer’ or ‘apothecary’.
I. A substance composed of fine dry particles.
1.
a. Solid matter in the form of dry particles; the mass of dry impalpable particles or granules produced by grinding, crushing, burning, or other disintegration of a solid substance; dust. Also figurative.In early use, with sense ‘dust, ashes’, sometimes merging with 1c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > powder
powderc1300
poudreyec1400
pulver?a1425
farina1707
pulverulence1727
c1300 St. Mary Magdalen (Laud) 532 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 477 (MED) Huy nomen heore false godes and casten heom þare doune And brenden al-to poudre.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 2003 He sende and him to pouldre smot.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 6616 (MED) Þis golden calf he did to brest To pudre [a1400 Gött. poudir].
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 25 He [sc. the Phoenix] brynnes him self all to powder.
a1475 in Neuphilol. Mitteilungen (1957) 58 66 (MED) Lightnyng..somtyme..smyttythe a swerde to pouder and hort nat the scaberde.
1526 Bible (Tyndale) Matt. xxi. f. xxxv He shall grynde him to powder [1535 Coverdale to poulder].
1539 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) 77 b Fryed or layde on a burning hote stone, & made in powlder.
1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 111v I will..crushe thy hedde to powther.
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) i. 16 Vas it [sc. Carthage] nocht brynt in puldir ande asse?
1607 B. Jonson Volpone i. i. sig. Bv To grinde 'hem into poulder . View more context for this quotation
1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper i. 8 Dissected into parts, not beaten into pouder.
1662 J. Davies tr. A. Olearius Voy. & Trav. Ambassadors 46 There is fall of water..so violent, that breaking upon the Rocks, it is reduc'd as it were to powder.
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 5 Lime..appears to be cold, but Water excites it again, whereby it Slacks and crumbles into fine powder.
1738 G. Smith tr. Laboratory iii. 88 Clear your Glass from the Powder that may lay upon it.
1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xix. 232 The machine is used for reducing to powder the ores of metals, and sometimes also barks, and linseed.
1853 W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 226 Peroxide of Nickel... It is a black powder.
1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians II. ii. 25 If there are laws against my having my own, to powder with the laws!
1925 C. J. Gahan Furnit. Beetles 5 Furniture or..woodwork..destroyed by what is commonly known as the worm—little six-legged, white grubs which live inside the wood, devouring it and turning it to powder.
1959 Times 9 Nov. p. ix/4 The diamonds used by industry can be divided into three categories: the original, rough diamonds that have been cut into required shapes, and diamonds ground down to powder.
1996 Q Jan. 7/4 Their dreams were crushed, made into a fine powder.
2003 N. Slater Toast 75 Sherbet Fountains—those tubes of acidic white powder wrapped in red-and-yellow paper with a stick of liquorice poked down the centre.
b. spec. Earth in the form of dry impalpable particles; the dust of the ground. Also figurative: (a condition of) lowliness, humiliation, or dejection. Cf. dust n.1 1a, 3c. Obsolete (except as merged with general sense at 1a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > [noun] > state or condition of
deathOE
homeOE
restOE
sleepOE
powderc1300
corruptiona1340
gravec1380
darkness1535
silence1535
tomb1559
iron sleep1573
another country1597
iron slumber1604
deadness1607
deadlihead1612
deadlihood1659
nothingness1813
unlivingness1914
post-mortemity1922
the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > [noun] > humiliated condition
powderc1300
dusta1340
abjection?a1425
abasement1567
abjectness1574
dejectedness1608
abjectedness1660
crestfallenness1859
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > [noun] > condition of being dead and buried
powderc1300
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > dust of the ground
dustc825
ashc950
powderc1300
c1300 St. Edmund Rich (Harl.) 228 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 500 (MED) Arsmetrike is a lore þat of figurs al is & of drauȝtes, as me draweþ in poudre.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7080 Vol of þe poudre of þe erþe.
c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) 180 (MED) Our Lord makeþ man pouer and makeþ hym riche..Heȝand þe nedeful out of poudre.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Job vii. 21 Lo! nowe in pouder [a1425 L.V.dust] I slepe.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1963) 1 Kings ii. 8 He brengeþ vp fro powdre þe nedy, & fro drit he heueþ vp þe poere.
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 10 (MED) In the dust & in the powder of þo hilles, þei wroot lettres & figures with hire fyngres.
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1905) II. 350 (MED) Bod fro ye be deade and a little powder of erth casten on you, þan shall ye be les þan any thyng þat is in þis werld.
a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. (Rawl.) (1898) 200 (MED) The kynge..hym Sette in the powdyr and makid cri throgh al the Cite that men and bestis sholde faste.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xciii. 297 The sonne lost his lyght by reason of the pouder that rose vp in to the ayre.
1568 D. Lindsay Supplic. Syde Taillis 79 None may go neir thame..Without thay couer mouth and neis, Frome the powder.
a1586 Lindsay MS f. 12v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue at Pouder Quhen thair innemeys hes the wind the powldre and the sone in thair ene.
c. The material substance of which the human body is regarded as created or composed, and to which it returns when decomposed; (also) the mouldered remains of a dead body, or the ashes of one that is burnt. Cf. dust n.1 3a. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > bodily substance > [noun]
loamc725
flesh and fellc1000
fleshtimbera1225
flesh and blooda1340
powderc1350
substancec1350
claya1400
paste1645
corporeity1647
muscle1819
tissue1834
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 155 (MED) Þou nart bote of poudre y-welt And aȝen in to poudre schelt, Manne, at þyne ende.
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. iii. 19 Poudre [a1425 L.V. dust; L. pulvis] þou ert, & in to poudre þou schalt torne.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 475 (MED) Whan here body was i-take up of þe erþe, it was i-founde al i-roted and i-torned into powder.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 929 Þou nees but a pudre [v.r. pouder] plain, to puder sal þou worth a-gain.
a1450 Pater Noster Richard Ermyte (Westm. Sch. 3) (1967) 5 (MED) I schal speke to my Lord, I þat am but poudir & asches.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xii. 44 The bodyes..conuerted in-to poulder.
c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. v. xvi. f. 63v/2 Scho departit..to Rome, berand with hir the powder of thair fader in ane goldyn poke.
1554 D. Lindsay Dialog Experience & Courteour 5170 in Wks. (1931) I Thy vyle corruptit carioun Sall..remane, in pulder small, On to the Iugement Generall.
1599 R. Rollock Certaine Sermons i. 10 Deith is the dissolution of the body..quhilk it lowsis into powder.
2. Pollen; a grain of pollen. Also: the spores of a lycopodium; a preparation of this (= lycopodium n. 2); cf. sense 5. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > moss > [noun] > club-moss or moss-like ferns > parts of
powder1672
oophoridium1847
oophorid1848
oosporangium1857
macrosporangium1862
rhizophore1875
megasporangium1886
megasporange1889
protophyll1891
prophyll1971
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > stamen or pistil > pollen and related parts
sandarac1623
globulet1671
powder1672
bread1682
farina1721
pollen1723
father-dust1728
rough wax1744
yellow rain1755
dust1776
fovilla1793
anther dust1797
pollen mass1828
pollen tube1830
intextine1835
pollen grain1835
pollen granule1835
exine1839
exintine1839
intine1839
pollinium1849
sulphur shower1854
pollinic mass1857
pollen chamber1863
smoke1868
pollen sac1872
pollinarium1881
sulphur rain1882
pollinic chamber1885
perine1895
pollen content1926
sculpturing1943
monad1947
nexine1948
sexine1948
1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. v. 145 All flowers have their Powders or Globulets.
1676 M. Lister in J. Ray Corr. (1848) 124 I..put them [sc. Lycopodiums] in a box, and found they shed their powder of themselves.
1729 J. Martyn 1st Lect. Bot. 14 The Prolifick Powder, analogous to the Male Sperm in Animals.
1767 W. Farrer Observ. Specific Med. iv. 30 The Powder of the Lycopodium is used in Germany, in the treatment of Epilepsies in children, from ten grains to thirty.
1782 T. Cavallo Compl. Treat. Electr. (ed. 2) iii. vii. 273 This head of cotton must be rolled in powder of lycopodium, or, which answers better, in powder of rosin.
3. Light, powdery snow; = powder snow n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [noun] > a fall of snow > types of fallen snow
mountain snow1567
red snow1678
poudre1846
firn1853
powder snow1914
powder1931
boilerplate1937
snowpack1952
crud1961
tracking snow1971
1920 D. H. Lawrence Women in Love xxix. 466 There was a light wind blowing among the mountain tops, keen as a rapier where it touched, carrying with it a fine dust of snow-powder.]
1931 J. Buchan Blanket of Dark xii. 229 The snow had begun. A thin powder was filtering down through the branches.
1948 Sun (N.Y.) 30 Dec. 16 North Conway. 3 inch new powder. Skiing fair.
1973 P. A. Whitney Snowfire xii. 235 The average skier..didn't care for loose powder. But there was still powder on the steepest slope.
1992 C. Wilkins Wolf's Eye 170 All this time he's been breaking trail through deep powder.
II. A preparation in the form of fine dry particles, for a particular use or purpose.
4.
a. A medical substance formulated as a powder, originally for external application, later also for internal use (usually taken with liquid); a measured dose of this, esp. when pre-packaged (frequently in plural).Dover's, James's, Portland, tooth-, worm-powder, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > powder > [noun]
powder1340
trituration1890
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 148 Verst he ssel þerto do þe smeringes and þe plastres of zuete warningges..þe poudres efterward and prekiinde of harde wyþniminge.
c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xx. 357 (MED) The plastres of þe persoun and poudres biten to sore.
a1450 Late Middle Eng. Treat. on Horses (1978) 123 (MED) And ȝif þou wilt haue out þe wicked flesche with-oute keruyng or brennyng, þen schalt þou make suche a poudur.
1527 L. Andrewe tr. H. Brunschwig Vertuose Boke Distyllacyon sig. Aj With waters dystyllyd, all maner of confeccyons, syropes, powders, and electuaryes be myxced.
1580 J. Frampton tr. N. Monardes Dial. Yron in Ioyfull Newes (new ed.) f. 158v The pouder made of yron..taketh away the Rime from the eye.
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 55 We are constrayned to inhibite and restrayne the increase with corrasiue Liniments and poulders.
1695 W. W. Novum Lumen Chirurgicum Extinctum 23 Neither Tincture, Solution, nor Pouder.
1712 Boston News-let. 17 Mar. 2/2 A Powder to refresh the Gums, and whiten the Teeth.
1774 W. Buchan Domest. Med. (ed. 3) App. 731 The lighter powders may be mixed in any agreeable thin liquor, as tea or water-gruel.
1816 Times 25 Sept. 4/3 To distinguish these Powders from the many inferior preparations which are obtruded on the public, be pleased to ask for ‘Butler's Carbonated Sodaic Powders’.
1865 J. W. Carlyle Lett. (1883) III. 265 When I had finished the antifebrile powders.
1950 D. Cusack Morning Sacrifice in 3 Austral. Three-act Plays i. 191 Mrs. Mac brings Sheila a powder and a drink of water.
1987 E. W. Burr Compan. Bird Med. viii. 40/1 Small skin lacerations can be cleaned and treated as open wounds with..antibiotic powders..in preference to ointments.
1995 Orlando (Florida) Sentinel (Nexis) 23 Feb. c1 Rarely do I ever take an aspirin... Headache powders are hypochondriac junk food.
b. A preparation used in food or cooking as a seasoning, flavouring, colouring, preservative, etc.; formerly spec. †powdered salt, spice, or other condiment, for seasoning or preserving food (also figurative) (obsolete). Also: a food or drink in powdered form, esp. one that has been dehydrated. Now usually with distinguishing word, as baking, curry, egg, milk powder, etc.: see the first element.powder of galantine n. Obsolete (perhaps) a mixture of spices used in a galantine sauce (see galantine n. 1).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > [noun] > seasoning or flavouring
powder1381
condimentc1420
season?a1505
seasoning1580
seasoner1620
haut-goût1645
farciment1657
conditementa1670
furnitures1693
seasonagea1716
flavour1785
flavouring1845
Japanese pepper1861
flavourer1884
ve-tsin1927
zaatar1963
1381 Diuersa Servicia in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 68 (MED) Wan yt ys dressyd in dysches wyth blank de sure, straw upon clowys of gelofre and straw upon powdre of galentyn.
a1450–1509 (?a1300) Richard Coer de Lyon (A-version) (1913) 3092 And soden fful hastyly, Wiþ powdyr and wiþ spysory.
1455 in 5th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS: Pt. 1 (1876) App. 491 in Parl. Papers (C. 1432) XL. 1 Payd to John Young for powder off synamon, peper, clowys, [etc.].
a1475 J. Russell Bk. Nurture (Harl. 4011) in Babees Bk. (2002) i. 159 Þe fische in A dische..with vineger & powdur þer vppon.
a1555 H. Latimer Let. 15 July in J. Foxe Actes & Monuments (1563) 1350/2 Haue I bene..so muche, as it were seasoned with the pouder of so many experiences?
1565–73 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Asseruo Sale vel in sale asseruare carnes, to kepe meate in pouder.
1640 C. Harvey Return in Synagogue (1647) 25 He that his joyes would keep, Must weep, And in the brine of tears And fears, Must pickle them. That powder will preserve.
1767 Primitive Cookery (ed. 2) II. 4 Hasty Pudding, with herbs, or with or without onions, seasoned with salt and pepper, or the powder of ginger.
1789 M. Cole Lady's Compl. Guide 225 Cut a hare in six pieces; bone and lard them with bacon, seasoned with spices, powder of laurel, chopped parsley, [etc.]
1846 A. Soyer Gastron. Regenerator 483 Have an equal quantity of starch-powder, and powdered sugar.
1870 Godey's Lady's Bk. (Electronic ed.) Feb. 189 Stir in lightly one cup of flour, a little yeast powder, or soda sifted in flour.
1902 Daily Northwestern (Wisconsin) 22 Apr. 8/1 Calumet baking powder. A wonderful powder of rare merit and unrivaled strength.
1948 Times 10 Feb. 3/4 An annual increase in export to the United Kingdom rising to..105m. dozen eggs a season, in shell, pulp, and powder.
2004 St. Petersburg Times (Florida) (Nexis) 9 May 1 e I brought him flavored powder to mix in water because I'd heard the water didn't taste so good.
c. A flammable or explosive preparation, esp. gunpowder.Hercules, percussion, selenitic powder, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > explosive material > [noun] > other specific explosives
powdera1393
gunpowder1411
saltpetre1501
petre1586
halinitre1608
sal-prunella1664
petre-salt1708
xyloidin1838
gun-cotton1846
pyroxyle1847
pyroxylin1847
pyroglycerin1850
xylidine1850
nitroglycerine1852
gun-sawdust1853
picrate1854
trinitroglycerin1864
nitroleum1866
trinitrin1866
dynamite1867
giant-powder1872
dualin1874
fulgurite1874
rendrock1874
glyoxilin1875
lithofracteur1875
trinitro-cellulose1875
white gunpowder1875
gelatin1878
cotton-powder1879
vigorite1879
blasting gelatine1881
Hercules powder1881
saxifragine1881
tonite1881
dynamogen1882
forcite1883
haloxylin1883
jelly powdera1884
nitro-gelatinea1884
panclastite1883
potentite1883
sebastinea1884
kolloxylin1884
hellhoffite1885
rackarock1885
securite1886
kinetite1887
roburite1887
carbo-dynamite1888
fortis1889
gelatine dynamite1889
gelignite1889
seranine1889
straw-dynamite1889
carbonite1890
amberite1891
nitro powder1892
Schnebelite1893
westfalite1894
thorite1899
soup1902
ammonal1903
cheddite1908
trinitrotoluene1908
Samsonite1909
tolite1909
trinitrotoluol1910
trotyl1910
glyceryl trinitrate1912
T.N.T.1915
nitro1916
amatol1918
cyclonite1923
hexogen1923
lox1923
pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923
hexite1931
aurantia1940
jelly1941
RDX1941
1339 in H. T. Riley Memorials London (1868) 205 Item, peletæ de plumbo pro eisdem Instrumentis [sc. cannon]..Item, xxxii libræ de pulvere.]
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. 354 Like to the corrant fyr that renneth Upon a corde..Whan it with poudre is so besein Of Sulphre and othre thinges mo.
c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame 1644 As swifte as pelet out of gonne, Whan fyr is in the poudre ronne.
c1475 Gregory's Chron. in J. Gairdner Hist. Coll. Citizen London (1876) 118 Schottys, powder, gonnys.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxljv Poulder failed in the fortresse.
1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. x. 88 Bothwell with pulder blew him in the air.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xiv. 68 Fine corned Powder for hand Guns.
a1690 S. Jeake Λογιστικηλογία (1696) 451 5 Guns in 2 Days spend 60 Barrels of Powder.
1795 Ld. Nelson in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 19 I have sent Officers and Men to get the powder out of the Censeur.
1819 W. Scott Bride of Lammermoor xii, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. II. 294 And for the pouther, I e'en changed it, as occasion served,..for gin and brandy.
1885 Cent. Mag. July 393/2 In 1655 the Virginia Assembly, in order to check the waste of powder at drinking frolics,..ordained that no person should ‘shoot guns at drinking’.
1901 Scotsman 14 Mar. 7/3 The Explosives Committee..are now desirous of obtaining all the information..about the new powders that are being brought out by inventors.
1989 Encycl. Brit. VII. 963/3 Maxim invented maximite, a high explosive bursting powder 50 percent more powerful than dynamite.
d. Any of various preparations used in alchemy or other magical rites and practices. Now chiefly historical.powder of Paris n. Obsolete (perhaps) a compound of arsenic.powder of prelinpinpin n. [after French poudre de prelimpinpin (see powder pimperlimpimp n. at Compounds 3)] Obsolete = powder pimperlimpimp n. at Compounds 3.powder of projection n. Alchemy Obsolete powdered philosopher's stone (see projection n. 1a). powder of sympathy n. now historical = sympathetic powder at sympathetic adj. 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the supernatural > the occult > sorcery, witchcraft, or magic > [noun] > object used in
mirrorc1330
powderc1395
goblet1519
glass?1566
witchcraft1572
witch's cauldron1762
troll-drum1894
the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical processes > [noun] > chemical digestion > philosophers' stone > ingredients of
magnesiac1395
titanosc1405
powder of projection1650
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines for specific purpose > preparations to heal or generate tissue > [noun] > for healing wounds or fractures > for healing wounds > applied to weapon, etc.
weapon-salve1631
sword-salve1647
powder of sympathy1658
sympathetic powder1661
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > legerdemain, etc. > [noun] > juggler or conjurer > pretended magical powder
powder le pimp1688
powder pimperlimpimp1688
powder of prelinpinpin1694
c1395 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Tale 1133 I haue a poudre heer þat coste me deere Shal make al good.
c1475 Mankind (1969) 570 (MED) Yff ȝe haue ony syluer, in happe pure brasse, Take a lytyll powder of Parysch and cast ouer hys face, Ande ewyn in þe howll-flyght let hym passe.
1590–1 in R. Pitcairn Criminal Trials Scotl. (1833) I. ii. 237 For putting of mwildis, or powder maid of menis joyntis..vnder Ewphame McCalȝanis bed.
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. B2v You must be chiefe? as if you, onely, had The poulder to proiect with? View more context for this quotation
1650 J. Howell Addit. Lett. ix. 17 in Epistolæ Ho-elianæ (ed. 2) To do the like touching the Philosophers stone, the powder of Projection, and potable gold.
1658 R. White tr. K. Digby (title) A late discourse made..in France..touching the cure of wounds by the powder of sympathy.
1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. b5v That he doth really possess its true (and no imaginary) powder of production, That of Hermes Trismegistos.
1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. Pantagr. Prognost. 238 Masters in the Art of Hocus Pocus's, Legerdemain, and Powder of Prelinpinpin [Fr. Joüeurs de passe-passe].
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) at Projection The pretended casting of the Powder of the Philosopher's Stone into a Crucible of melted Metal, in order to change it into Gold or Silver, is call'd Projection.
1754 S. Derrick tr. C. de Bergerac Voy. to Moon 48 I endeavoured to make him accept of three Phials, the first filled with the Elixir Salutis, the second with Powder of Projection, and the last with Potable Gold.
1804 A. L. Barbauld Life Richardson in S. Richardson Corr. I. 12 In those times talismans and wounds cured by sympathetic powder..were seriously credited.
1836–41 W. T. Brande Man. Chem. (ed. 5) 11 At other times the performers..purchased what was termed a powder of projection, prepared by the adepts, containing a portion of gold.
1888 Dict. National Biogr. XV. 65/2 Digby first described his well-known weapon-salve, or powder of sympathy, in the discourse alleged to have been delivered at Montpellier in 1658.
1904 L. F. Baum Marvelous Land of Oz 40 How could he ever have guessed that the man..would be brought to life by means of a magical powder contained in an old pepper-box?
1999 News (Mexico City) (Nexis) 25 Jan. Besides curing wounds, when applied to the weapon that inflicted them instead of to the wounds, the powder of sympathy had the strange property of making the patient jump in pain.
e. A cosmetic in the form of a powder applied to the face or skin, or (formerly) sprinkled on the hair or a wig. in powder: having or wearing hair-powder. out of powder: not having or wearing hair-powder.baby, face, hair-, talcum, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > powders
powder1538
rice powder1772
face powder1788
toilet powder1833
French white1844
baby powder1853
violet powder1856
poudre de riz1859
splash1863
papier poudré1907
powder cake1925
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [adjective] > dressed with preparations > with powder
powdered1613
pounced1619
poudré1668
in powder1792
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [adjective] > dressed with preparations > with powder > not
unpowdered1649
out of powder1792
1538 Acc. L.H. Tr. Scot. VII. 112 For polder pokis of violat to lay amang the Kingis claithis.
a1571 J. Jewel Expos. 1 Thess. (i. 7) in Wks. (1611) Such as are bathed or perfumed with precious ointments or poulders.
1640 T. Carew Poems 180 For in pure love heaven did prepare, Those powders to inrich your haire.
1656 W. Davenant Siege of Rhodes ii. 13 Our Powders and our Purls Are now out of fashion.
1692 in W. Macgill Old Ross-shire & Scotl. (1909) I. 152 Oyls, poulders and perfumes.
1758 S. Johnson Idler 13 May 41 The hair has lost its powder.
1765 O. Goldsmith Ess. xxvi. 231 Half the charms that deck'd her face, Arose from powder, shreds, or lace.
1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 417 I had some grains of marechale powder in my hair.
1792 Lady Templetown Let. 11 June in A. E. Newdigate-Newdegate Cheverels (1898) vii. 103 Mr Romney..has acquitted himself well in respect to Lady Newdigate... The hair is of an agreable duskiness that is neither in nor out of powder.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxiii. 219 Two superior officers in black..now in livery with their hair in powder.
1858 Illustr. News of World 17 Apr. 175/4 Saunders's Face Powder..beautifies the complexion.
1883 A. I. Ritchie Bk. of Sibyls i. 6 An oval miniature, belonging to the times of powder and of puff.
1924 M. Irwin Still she wished for Company xix. 233 Slovenly Lady Catherine Grey drove over, out of powder at four in the afternoon.
1932 G. Greene Stamboul Train i. i. 12 A last dab of powder on the nose.
1954 H. Ashton (title) Footman in powder.
1987 Pract. Hairstyling & Beauty June 31 Loose powder is important if you want your make-up to stick.
2002 Pride May 90/1 While we know that trowelling on make-up does us no favours, most of us feel naked without foundation, concealer and powder.
5. Any of a number of preparations used for a variety of special purposes, esp. in technical, mechanical, domestic, etc., processes. Frequently with preceding modifying word specifying the preparation's composition or use, or with of and the name of a substance.flea, flux, insect, love-, mouse-, soap, washing powder, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > [noun] > state of being powdery > preparation
powdera1350
flowera1398
a1350 Recipe Painting in Archæol. Jrnl. (1844) 1 65 Vorte maken iren as hart as stel. Tac argul, a thing that deyares deyet with, ant grint hit smal, and seththe tac a wollene clout ant couche thi poudre theron as brod as hit wol.
1486 Bk. St. Albans sig. cvij Fille the hooll with a powdre of arnement Ibrente.
1553–4 in G. S. Pryde Ayr Burgh Accts. (1937) 120 Culuring pulder.
1610 G. Markham Maister-peece i. xciv. 186 Take the powder of gumdragant, Ensens, and damaske roses.
1704 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum I Flux-powders..are Powders prepared to facilitate the Fusion of the harder Metals.
1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xxii. 139 I ordered the Third to put his upon the Wheel, and grind it plain..with Powder of Emery.
1787 Act 27 Geo. 3, c. 13, Schedule A. Inwards in Statutes at Large 26–29 Geo. 3 (1789) 309 Powder of Brass for Japanning.
1823 J. Badcock Domest. Amusem. 95 In a tea-spoonful of honey..mix a drachm of powder of tin.
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 87 Diamantine, a form of silica much esteemed as a polishing powder for steel work.
1890 Cent. Dict. Magnetine... A compound of some kind of cementing material and a magnetic powder, such as iron-filings or magnetic oxid of iron.
1907 G. M. Norman Systematic Pract. Org. Chem. i. vii. 31 Make 100 grammes of good bleaching powder into a cream.
1941 I. L. Idriess Great Boomerang xiv. 102 Burned leaves of the wirra (a species of acacia, the leaves of which when burned yield a powder of potash).
1992 Town & Country Jan. 68 Bluing powder..used to white clothes, became pigment when mixed with water and clay.
2000 N.Y. Mag. 18 Sept. 99/1 White cement powder that's been sifted through a template.
III. Extended uses.
6. A random pattern of dots or flecks. Also Heraldry (in plural): spots or minor charges with which the field is powdered. See powder v.1 6. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > insignia > heraldic devices collective > charge: device on shield > [noun] > minor charges
powdering1405
powder1448
semée1562
orle1572
1448 Acct. in Berks, Bucks & Oxon Archæol. Jrnl. (1906) 12 14 (MED) Item, a sute of white damask clothe of gold with orfrayes of grene welwet with buddys of gold pouder.
1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 131 The sixth doublyng is called Pean, whiche is the field Sable, and the pouders Or.

Phrases

P1. (In sense 4c.)
a.
powder and shot n. the materials expended in warfare; (chiefly figurative) the cost or effort expended for some result.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > effort expended for some result
powder and shot1579
1579 S. Gosson Apol. Schoole of Abuse in Ephemerides Phialo f. 92 When I spare not to greete them with poulder & shot, answeares mee againe with a false fire.
1604 S. Hieron Preachers Plea in Wks. (1620) I. 484 [To] spend all their powder and shot to the beating downe of that, which I hope they shal neuer bee able to ouerthrow.
1776 S. Foote Bankrupt ii. 36 Meagre mechanicks? fellows not worth powder and shot.
1845 B. Disraeli Sybil I. i. iv. 60 ‘I have great faith in your canvassing,..but still, at the same time, the powder and shot—’ ‘Are essential’, said Lady Marney, ‘I know it, in these corrupt days’.
1889 V. Horsley in S. Paget Sir Victor Horsley (1919) 86 He anonymously or onymously is not worth powder and shot.
1978 P. G. Winslow Coppergold 67 He could be of no practical use, and she was not a woman to waste her powder and shot.
2005 Sunday Star-Times (Auckland) (Nexis) 17 Apr. 9 However, Gray knows his biggest problem could be determining ‘whether any of the respondents are worth powder and shot’—whether they have the money to pay.
b.
powder without shot n. figurative Obsolete empty threats.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > in vain [phrase] > futile appearance of action
powder without shot1627
1627 R. Sanderson Ten Serm. 341 You..imagine that all His threatnings are but Bruta Fulmina, empty cracks, and Powder without shot.
1704 H. Mackworth Let. from Member of Parl. to Friend 4 All the great Clamor about a Tack, which maketh such a Noise in the World, proveth to be but a Squib, Powder without Shot, that giveth a Crack, but vanisheth into Air and doth no execution.
1774 A. M. Toplady Hist. Proof Doctrinal Calvinism Church of Eng. II. 626 Those Decrees of the Synod..were, as Mr Hales observes, ‘mere Powder without Shot, which gives a Clap, but does no Harm’.
c. food for powder: see food n. 1e.
d. the smell (also †stink) of powder: (used metonymously for) actual experience of battle.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > war > [noun] > action in war
stroke of battle1525
action1579
the smell (also stink) of powder1786
baptism of fire1857
1786 R. Burns Poems 37 Their gun's a burden on their shouther; They downa bide the stink o' powther.
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas I. i. x. 81 A novice, not yet accustomed to the smell of powder.
1901 F. Norris Octopus ii. v. 479 Roaring, clamoring, reeking with the smell of powder and hot oil, spitting death.
2003 BBC Monitoring Internat. Rep. (Nexis) 3 Dec. Now, it [sc. Baghdad] is synonymous with world terrorism, the West's wrong policy, and the smell of powder, blood and death.
e. to keep one's powder dry: to adopt a practical or realistic policy; to act prudently or cautiously; to be on the alert. [With allusion to words attributed (from 1832 or earlier) to Oliver Cromwell:
1832 Morning Post 31 Jan. 4/1 I shall not detain you any longer than to quote the advice which Oliver Cromwell is reported to have given his soldiers in crossing a ford. He said (what I now say to you), ‘Put your trust in the Lord, and keep your powder dry’.
1834 W. Blacker Oliver's Advice in E. Hayes Ballads of Ireland (1855) I. 192 The Pow'r that led great William, Boyne's reddening torrent thro',—In his protecting aid confide, and every foe defy—Then put your trust in God, my boys, and keep your powder dry.
1855 E. Hayes in Ballads of Ireland (1855) I. 191 There is a well-authenticated anecdote of Cromwell. On a certain occasion, when his troops were about crossing a river to attack the enemy, he concluded an address, couched in the usual fanatic terms in use among them, with these words—‘put your trust in God; but mind to keep your powder dry’.
]
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > be cautious or take care [verb (intransitive)]
warea1000
biwaitc1456
to look to it1548
to look out?1553
to play safe1601
to be on the sure side1668
to mind out1823
to keep one's powder dry1837
to play it safe1873
to have a care1876
to watch it1916
to watch (or mind) one's step1934
1837 Times 29 July 2/3 Mr W. Taylor..requested all the Radicals to get their batteries fixed, their artillery ready, and keep their powder dry, when down would go the Tories.
1908 Times Lit. Suppl. 5 Nov. 383/1 In thus keeping his powder dry the bishop acted most wisely, though he himself ascribes the happy result entirely to observance of the other half of Cromwell's maxim.
1931 F. L. Allen Only Yesterday ii. 40 An inheritor of Theodore Roosevelt's creed of fearing God and keeping your powder dry.
1968 Listener 27 June 833/3 I seem to have been resigned most of my poetic life to the virtues of keeping one's powder dry rather than trying to fire the big guns.
2005 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 22 Aug. 20 The suicide bombers seem to be less active than usual—but that may just be because they are keeping their powder dry for a post-constitution blitz.
P2.
powder of post n. (also powder of posts) the powder of a worm-eaten post; = powder-post n. at Compounds 5; (figurative) used as the type of an ineffectual or worthless medicine. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > worthless or quack
empiric?a1425
empirical1656
powder of post1662
powder-post1790
snake oil1831
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 367 The pouder of mirre or burnt silke, fealt, or cloath, or anie olde post.]
1662 Duchess of Newcastle Matrimonial Trouble i. v. xlii, in Playes Written 454 1 Maid. But Cordial Powders are made of Pearl, Amber, Corall, and the like. 2 Maid. 'Faith a little powder of posts serves as well: for they cannot be distinguish'd by their taste.
1769 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) XIV. 258 Beware of swallowing ounce after ounce of indigestible powder, though it were powder of post.
1808 J. Bentham Sc. Reform 59 One of the powder-of-posts which the Pharmacopœia..is full of.
a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) Spar-dust, powder of post; dust produced in wood by the depredation of boring insects.
1869 G. P. Marsh Man & Nature 107 A borer, of similar habits, is not uncommon in Italy, and you may see in that country, handsome chairs and other furniture which have been reduced by this insect to a framework of powder of post, covered, and apparently held together, by nothing but the varnish.
P3. (In sense 4a.) colloquial (originally and chiefly U.S.). to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder: to withdraw; to depart, absent oneself; to run away, abscond.Recorded earliest in to take a run-out powder at run-out adj.2 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)]
wendeOE
i-wite971
ashakec975
shakeOE
to go awayOE
witea1000
afareOE
agoOE
atwendOE
awayOE
to wend awayOE
awendOE
gangOE
rimeOE
flitc1175
to fare forthc1200
depart?c1225
part?c1225
partc1230
to-partc1275
biwitec1300
atwitea1325
withdrawa1325
to draw awayc1330
passc1330
to turn one's (also the) backc1330
lenda1350
begonec1370
remuea1375
voidc1374
removec1380
to long awaya1382
twinc1386
to pass one's wayc1390
trussc1390
waive1390
to pass out ofa1398
avoida1400
to pass awaya1400
to turn awaya1400
slakec1400
wagc1400
returnc1405
to be gonea1425
muck1429
packc1450
recede1450
roomc1450
to show (a person) the feetc1450
to come offc1475
to take one's licence1475
issue1484
devoidc1485
rebatea1500
walka1500
to go adieua1522
pikea1529
to go one's ways1530
retire?1543
avaunt1549
to make out1558
trudge1562
vade?1570
fly1581
leave1593
wag1594
to get off1595
to go off1600
to put off1600
shog1600
troop1600
to forsake patch1602
exit1607
hence1614
to give offa1616
to take off1657
to move off1692
to cut (also slip) the painter1699
sheera1704
to go about one's business1749
mizzle1772
to move out1792
transit1797–1803
stump it1803
to run away1809
quit1811
to clear off1816
to clear out1816
nash1819
fuff1822
to make (take) tracks (for)1824
mosey1829
slope1830
to tail out1830
to walk one's chalks1835
to take away1838
shove1844
trot1847
fade1848
evacuate1849
shag1851
to get up and get1854
to pull out1855
to cut (the) cable(s)1859
to light out1859
to pick up1872
to sling one's Daniel or hook1873
to sling (also take) one's hook1874
smoke1893
screw1896
shoot1897
voetsak1897
to tootle off1902
to ship out1908
to take a (run-out, walk-out, etc.) powder1909
to push off1918
to bugger off1922
biff1923
to fuck off1929
to hit, split or take the breeze1931
to jack off1931
to piss offa1935
to do a mick1937
to take a walk1937
to head off1941
to take a hike1944
moulder1945
to chuff off1947
to get lost1947
to shoot through1947
skidoo1949
to sod off1950
peel1951
bug1952
split1954
poop1961
mugger1962
frig1965
1909 San Francisco Chron. 4 Feb. 9/2 Senator Cockey O'Brien of Bernal Heights..made Senator McGluke take a run-out powder.
1934 J. Proskauer Suckers All xxiv. 279 The smartest guy in the office took a walk out powder this morning.
1940 J. O'Hara Pal Joey 72 And take a powder out of here that day.
1941 R. Chandler in Street & Smith's Detective Story Mag. Sept. 25 Why are you taking a powder?
1954 ‘N. Blake’ Whisper in Gloom xvi. 220 ‘Where's the Yank?’..‘Gone. He took a powder.’
1961 J. Maclaren-Ross Doomsday Bk. v. 65 Phoned four times—no reply. Seems as if..Passman's taken a temporary powder.
1979 P. Ableman Shoestring i. 14 The very minute that I first looked into her..eyes... Philip Marlowe took a powder and Shoestring, the womanless, took over.
1992 Newsweek 13 Jan. 38/1 A concierge had to constantly tell the camera-toting, autograph-seeking ‘looky-loos’ camped outside to take a powder.

Compounds

C1. General attributive and objective, chiefly in sense 4c.
powder canister n.
ΚΠ
1836 A. Smith Diary 6 Jan. (1940) II. 309 Three picks. 3 spades,..2 powder canisters.
1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting 113 The powder-canister is of tin, square, and made to fit in proper place.
1952 T. Armstrong Adam Brunskill iii. 73 Picks, shovels, borers, sledges and powder canisters had been placed in a wagon.
2005 Army Times (Nexis) 9 May 18 Soldiers found weapons,..empty ammo boxes, rocket-propelled grenade casings and an empty 155mm powder canister.
powder charge n.
ΚΠ
a1627 W. Rowley & T. Middleton Wit at Severall Weapons i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Iiiii4v/1 If there be No other obstacles then those you speake of They are but powder charges without pellets.
1841 E. Rigby Resid. Shores Baltic II. xxii. 192 They were armed to the teeth—swords, pistols, cutlasses, bows and arrows; their powder-charges ranged six on each breast.
1880 Times 27 Dec. 9/4 The powder charge..consists of 425 lb. of pebble, or 450 lb. of prismatic powder.
1990 Guns & Weapons Sept.–Oct. 75/4 The interior of the case holds the powder charge, which is a modern Nitrocellulose compound usually in stick or granular form.
powder maker n.
ΚΠ
1545 in T. Ruddiman Epistolae (1724) II. App. 337 Archibald Wilsoun powdar-makar.
1711 London Gaz. No. 4829/4 Henry Bosseville of Hounslow,..Powder-maker.
1814 T. Jefferson Let. 7 Sept. in Writings (1984) 1351 And to that [school] of technical philosophy will come the mariner, carpenter,..powdermaker, saltmaker, glassmaker, to learn as much as shall be necessary to pursue their art understandingly.
1990 J. Jonas Anancy in Great House p. iii In the mutiny..the men below decks, led (appropriately) by the powder maker, lower the boats to take and possess San Cristobal.
powder mark n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > marking > a mark > trace or vestige > [noun] > other traces or vestiges
staddle1691
Indian sign1805
geological record1811
powder mark1823
earmark1836
rock record1851
tool-mark1865
staddle-stead1868
staddle-mark1876
waterline1876
posthole1888
tooth-mark1889
pollen count1926
snake mark1929
parch mark1947
tranchet blow1949
posthole pattern1950
posthole evidence1962
1823 Times 1 Sept. 3/4 The sentinel..had received verbal orders to suffer no person to pass, except an elderly man who had a powder mark upon his face.
1937 D. Teilhet & H. Teilhet Feather Cloak Murders i. 14 The revolver bullet left a clean hole when shot close, always with powder marks.
2005 Grand Forks (N. Dakota) Herald (Nexis) 18 May One of the holes in the mattress appeared to have powder marks or burns around it, indicating a close shot.
powder measure n.
ΚΠ
1768 J. Muller Treat. Artillery (ed. 2) 18 The powder measure held 35 pounds instead of 30.
1892 W. W. Greener Breech-loader 176 Adjust the powder measure, put the powder into a basin, take up a full measure.
1990 Guns & Weapons Sept.–Oct. 77/1 The dispensing of the powder charge can be slightly speeded up by using a Powder Measure.
powder scales n.
ΚΠ
1976 Shooting Times & Country Mag. 16 Dec. 30/1 Whereas almost every large, local gun-dealer stocks reloading machines, very few stock powder scales.
2004 Guns Mag. (Nexis) 1 May 20 Dipping a base charge into the pan of the scale is also highly efficient and time saving when working with one of the new automatic electronic powder scales.
powder smoke n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > products of burning > [noun] > smoke > other spec.
peat-reeka1796
powder smoke1853
1853 N.-Y. Daily Times 26 Jan. 2/4 As his friends seem more disposed to foster ideas of war..than of peace, we fear the money will be dissipated in powder-smoke.
1853 Times 28 June 6/6 After the firing of a blast at Wheal Squire Mine, one of the miners..descended before the powder smoke had properly cleared away.
1905 T. Collins in W. Murdoch & H. Drake-Brockman Austral. Short Stories (1951) 16 The explosion came off, nearly smothering me with powder-smoke.
1990 B. Cornwell Sharpe's Waterloo (BNC) Foul-smelling powder smoke still lingered.
C2. Similative and instrumental.
powder-black adj.
ΚΠ
1857 G. W. Thornbury Songs of Cavaliers & Roundheads 20 Powder-black, bleeding lads, hungry and torn.
2000 Esquire (Nexis) Nov. 176 Running back to Owen, only to find him with a little powder-black hole in his left temple.
powder-charged adj.
ΚΠ
1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Jan. 7/3 The cost and weight of guns to fire such powder-charged shells would be so enormous.
1974 MERIP Rep. No. 30. 4/2 Kings and knights were quick to recognize the military potential of powder-charged weapons.
2002 Advocate (Louisiana) (Nexis) 24 Dec. 1 b Air-powered guns..with velocities greater than 350 fps can cause tissue damage similar to that inflicted by powder-charged bullets fired from small-caliber handguns.
powder-dry adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > liquid > dryness > [adjective] > very
bone?a1300
for-drya1386
bone-dryc1480
siticulous1620
chippy1850
powder-dry1934
straw-dry1951
1934 T. Wood Cobbers xvi. 215 They worked themselves powder-dry.
1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 100 The pale, powder-light, powder-dry dust of August.
1990 K. Corcoran Next Wave l. 22 A powder dry regime defends what happened in the clearing.
powder-dusted adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [adjective] > powdered
powdered1613
pounced1619
farined1664
pulvilleda1704
bepowdered1742
pulvilized1791
pearl-powdered1826
white-floured1841
rice-powdered1868
talced1891
powder-dusted1917
talcumed1952
1917 V. Woolf Mark on Wall in V. Woolf & L. S. Woolf Two Stories 20 The miniature of a lady with white powdered curls, powder-dusted cheeks, and lips like red carnations.
1998 Scotl. on Sunday (Nexis) 22 Mar. 12 This is a night [sc. Oscar night] when ordinary guys and dolls are transformed by their celluloid prowess into ego-heavy, powder-dusted royalty.
powder-grey adj.
ΚΠ
1901 Daily Chron. 7 Sept. 8/3 Powder-grey and thistle-purple sackcloth are two of his present lures.
1990 Countryside Winter 63/3 The spotted sandpiper, a delicate powder-gray bird skimming across the water.
powder-laden adj.
ΚΠ
1870 Harper's Mag. Dec. 106/1 The powder-laden gun-boat that was to blow the fort out of existence.
1905 Daily Chron. 17 Feb. 5/1 There was an open fire on the powder-laden barge, and the petroleum from the other craft reaching it, a disastrous explosion followed.
1999 Hist. Today (Nexis) 1 June 35 Smith managed personally to set fire to the Themistocles and Heros before a second powder-laden frigate exploded.
powder-light adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > properties of materials > lightness > [adjective] > extremely > light as a feather, etc.
feathery1864
powder-light1942
1942 W. Faulkner Go down, Moses & Other Stories 100 The pale, powder-light, powder-dry dust of August.
2003 Essence (Nexis) Oct. 47 The product offers an SPF of 15 and dries to a powder-light finish.
powder-marked adj.
ΚΠ
1894 Westm. Gaz. 10 Dec. 5/1 This view is supported by..the fact that the wounds were both powder-marked.
1929 Times 5 Mar. 9/5 Detective Leslie..said the three powder-marked pennies were found among Atkins's money.
1974 Suburbanite Economist (Chicago) 1 May e11 You see the body of Randy Parker, socialite and playboy, sprawled on the floor, a powder-marked bullet hole in his left temple.
powder-pocked adj.
ΚΠ
1891 R. Kipling in Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Jan. 9 ‘It went off by itself,’ said Dick, when the powder-pocked cheek could no longer be hidden.
1976 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 4 Jan. 7 d/1 Powder-pocked and crying with impotent rage, Morgan found a priest in a nearby doorway to take his sword.
powder-scorched adj.
ΚΠ
1857 G. W. Thornbury Songs of Cavaliers & Roundheads 19 Jenkin was powder-scorched, black as a Turk.
c1914 C. F. Cahalane Police Pract. & Procedure 124 The clothes, if powder scorched, may prove that the assailant stood close to the victim.
1989 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 23 Aug. 6/1 What had been a major thoroughfare has become a gritty, sandbagged, powder-scorched combat zone.
powder-stained adj.
ΚΠ
1848 U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. Nov. 419 She patted him affectionately on the cheek with her rough powder-stained hands.
1986 H. R. F. Keating Writing Crime Fiction (BNC) 39 If Archer's coat was powder-stained his killer must have been someone known to him.
2003 Mansfield (Ohio) News Jrnl. (Nexis) 12 June 1 The graphic scenes on the screen showing the dark, powder-stained gunshot wounds.
powder-tinged adj.
ΚΠ
1899 S. R. Crockett Kit Kennedy 321 The befizzled, powder-tinged attendant.
C3. With postmodifier, in the names of seasonings, medicaments, etc.
powder douce n. now historical a sweet spice, or mixture of sweet spices.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > other spices
cubebc1300
madrian1357
anet seeda1398
poppy seeda1398
powder doucea1425
garquincea1483
spignelc1503
geland1714
mulatto1885
a1425 (a1399) Forme of Cury (BL Add.) 7 in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 99 Cast þerto safroun and salt, and messe it forth with powdour douce.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 32 (MED) Do þerto wyne..And powder dowce and salt.
1780 S. Pegge Forme of Cury p. xxix Powder-douce..has been thought by some..to be the same as sugar, and only a different name for it; but they are plainly mistaken.
1873 E. Smith Foods 233 Spices were necessarily rare and costly in the 14th century... Certain compounds of spices, as our allspice, were then used, as powder douce and powder fort.
1999 New Statesman (Nexis) 29 Jan. Medieval grocers sold it [sc. nutmeg] ready-ground as part of a spice mix called 'powder douce', along with cloves, ginger and black pepper.
powder Holland n. Obsolete rare a medicinal powder taken for the treatment of abdominal pain; also called Holland powder.
ΚΠ
1534 in W. H. Stevenson Rec. Borough Nottingham (1885) III. 190 List of Gums, Drugs, etc... Powder Holand.
powder le pimp n. Obsolete = powder pimperlimpimp n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > deception by illusion, delusion > [noun] > cause of
powder le pimp1688
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > legerdemain, etc. > [noun] > juggler or conjurer > pretended magical powder
powder le pimp1688
powder pimperlimpimp1688
powder of prelinpinpin1694
1688 T. D'Urfey Fool's Preferment v. 73 First, he was for cloathing me in a disguise to escape, within a minute after—Wheigh—with a Powder le pimp.
1737 T. Morgan Moral Philosopher 96 This clerical Religion is a new Thimble and Button, or a Powder le Pimp.
powder merchant n. Obsolete a kind of spice or mixture of spices.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > acid or tart flavouring > [noun] > powders
powder merchantc1387
vinegar-powder1753
amchur1838
c1387–95 G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. 381 And poudre marchaunt tart and galyngale.
?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 425 Colour hit wyth saffron, and do therto pouder marchant.
?c1450 in G. Müller Aus Mittelengl. Medizintexten (1929) 122 (MED) Make xiii cofynis of good fyn paste and fylle hem full of sawge and caste þer-to a lytill powdir marchaund.
powder pimperlimpimp n. (also powder pimpalimpimp) [after French poudre de prelimpinpin (1640), also poudre de perlimpinpin (1690) < poudre powder + de de prep. + an element of imitative origin] Obsolete a powder claimed to have magical powers used by conjurors, etc. (also in allusive use); cf. powder of prelinpinpin n. at sense 4d.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > legerdemain, etc. > [noun] > juggler or conjurer > pretended magical powder
powder le pimp1688
powder pimperlimpimp1688
powder of prelinpinpin1694
1688 Vox Cleri pro Rege 55 By virtue of their Powder pimp a lim pimp, he is changed again into a limited Prince.
1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub iv. 97 Peter would put in a certain Quantity of his Powder Pimperlim-pimp, after which it never failed of Success.
1796 R. C. tr. Princess Coquedœuf & Prince Bonbon 161 Dortdunœil pulled out a little powder of pimperlimpimp, that admirable powder, which..makes the lasses run after the lads, as dogs do after the whip.
powder roasting n. Obsolete rare a spice used in roasting meat.
ΚΠ
1381 Diuersa Servicia in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 67 (MED) Droppe yt wyth ȝolkys of eyryn and god powder rostyng.
powder Walter n. Obsolete (perhaps) a medicinal powder attributed to Walter Agilinus (13th cent.).
ΚΠ
c1450 Practica Phisicalia John of Burgundy in H. Schöffler Mittelengl. Medizinlit. (1919) 223 (MED) For þe dropsy in þe wombe and fete..Take..ij peny-worthe of rubarbe and..iij peny-worþe of poudir watur.
a1500 Med. Recipes (Sloane 405) in F. Heinrich Mittelengl. Medizinbuch (1896) 106 Take iii penywyghte of scamonye and ii penywyght of rubarbe and vi penywyght of sene and iii penywyght of poudre water.iij wheiȝt of pouder water [v.r. poudre wauter].
C4. Used attributively with reference to the Debye–Scherrer method of obtaining X-ray diffraction patterns of powdered crystalline samples. Cf. Debye n.
powder camera n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > X-ray, etc.
powder camera1929
stereofluoroscope1932
xeroradiograph1955
thermograph1964
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > X-rays > study of crystals by X-rays > [noun] > photography used in > camera used in
powder camera1929
1929 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 125 688 The powder camera employed for these measurements is shown in fig. 10.
1974 Daily Northwestern (Wisconsin) f10/2 The geology department has recently acquired an..X-ray powder camera which can be used to identify and characterize crystalline materials.
powder diffraction n.
ΚΠ
1921 Science 18 Nov. 498/1 These lines are all found in the powder diffraction pattern of NaCl.
1924 R. W. G. Wyckoff Struct. Crystals vi. 178 The outstanding advantage of powder diffraction methods obviously lies in their ability to treat the many crystalline materials which do not grow large single crystals.
2000 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97 9963/1 The presence of crystallization was identified by the appearance of powder diffraction peaks.
powder diffractometry n.
ΚΠ
1958 Acta Crystallographica 11 400/2 At first thought the use of a fluorescent source would seem to offer several attractive advantages for powder diffractometry.
1991 Biotech Forum Europe 8 514/2 One way of structure elucidation is X-ray powder diffractometry.
powder photograph n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > photographs or images obtained by X-ray, etc.
thermotype1877
phosphorograph1880
shadow-picture1889
inductoscript1892
radiogram1896
radiograph1896
roentgenogram1896
shadowgraph1896
shadow-photograph1896
skiagram1896
skiagraph1896
X-radiograph1899
X-ray1900
autoradiograph1903
vaporograph1903
vapourgraph1903
radiophotograph1904
roentgenograph1905
microradiogram1913
radiophoto1915
powder photograph1917
interferogram1921
radioautograph1941
microradiograph1944
topograph1944
heat map1947
cinefluorograph1949
scan1953
thermogram1957
thermograph1964
cineradiograph1965
stereoscan1968
Kirlian1970
autorad1985
1917 Physical Rev. 10 664 The powder photographs have an advantage..over ionization-chamber measurements, in that the intensities of reflection from different planes, as well as different orders, are directly comparable.
1936 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 40 411 The powder photograph is..a powerful means of recognising alloy phases.
1985 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 314 113 If the silver crystals are heated to 120 °C they are rapidly transformed to the golden crystals... This transformation..was confirmed by X-ray powder photographs.
powder photography n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > [noun] > by means of a computer > study or process of X-ray, etc.
thermography1840
phosphorography1886
radiography1896
scotography1896
shadow-photography1896
radiophotography1897
roentgenography1899
typoradiography1899
radiology1900
microradiography1913
Laue1915
powder photography1924
stereofluoroscopy1928
cineradiography1934
cinefluorography1936
autoradiography1941
radioautography1941
xeroradiography1950
skiagraphy1957
stereoradiography1965
the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactivity > X-rays > study of crystals by X-rays > [noun] > photography used in
powder photography1924
1924 R. W. G. Wyckoff Struct. Crystals vi. 185 A more extended description of these procedures is not justified because thus far they have found little application to powder photography.
1948 K. Lonsdale Crystals & X-rays iii. 76 For powder photography monochromatic radiation is used..but the specimen is a mass of tiny crystals orientated in all directions.
1988 L. Pauling in Science 26 Feb. 963/2 In the case of powder photography, there are for each plane some minute crystals with the proper orientation to permit diffraction.
C5.
powder base n. a cosmetic preparation (esp. a cream) used as a base before applying face powder; cf. foundation n. 7d.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > bases
base1889
powder base1916
foundation make-up1929
pancake1937
1916 Marion (Ohio) Star 4 Mar. 4/6 An introductory ensemble—by Coty... Sub tint powder base, face powder, rouge, lipstick.
1972 Vogue 1 Mar. 52/1 An ideal powder-base—inimitable beneath modern make-up to ensure a flawless, perfectly matt finish.
2005 Househ. & Personal Products Industry (Nexis) 1 Mar. 37 Various iron oxide pigments can be added to powder bases to try to match the natural skin tones.
powder-beater n. now historical a pounder of spices, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > seasoning > [noun] > one who pounds spices
powder-beater1454
1454 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1837) VI. 227 Thoffice of þe spicery..Alexander Rowton, yoman Pouder beter.
1601 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 295 The Yeoman powder-beater hath for his fees, all the bagges and boxes,..and all the barrells once emptied.
1790 Coll. Ordinances & Regulations Governm. Royal Housh. 295 The Yeoman powder-beater hath for his fees, all the bagges and boxes brought into the said office with spices, and all the barrells once emptied brought into the spicery and chaundry.
1971 R. Howe Mrs Groundes-Peace's Old Cookery Notebk. 15 There was a Clerk of the Spicery, and under him a Yeoman Powderbeater whose task no doubt was to grind the spices for daily use.
powder beef n. Obsolete ‘powdered’ or salted beef (cf. powdered adj. 1b); also attributive, as a term of abuse.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > preserved meat > [noun] > salted meat
Martinmas meatc1450
Martinmas beefc1475
powder beef1479
Martinmas flesh1656
Irish horse1748
bully1753
junk1762
salt junk1792
salt horse1836
red horse1864
hunter's beef1879
bullamacow1887
Jack1890
macon1939
1479 in R. W. Ingram Rec. Early Eng. Drama: Coventry (1981) 62 Item, in ale x d In powdur beef, iiij d with mustard.
1573 C. Hollyband French Schoole-maister in M. St. C. Byrne Elizabethan House (1949) 24 Will you have a bit of this pouder beef.
1600 T. Dekker Shomakers Holiday sig. C2v Come out you powder-beefe-queanes.., come out you fatte Midriffe-swag, belly-whores.
1606 Wily Beguilde 49 My powderbeefe slaue, Ile haue a rumpe of beefe for thee.
1790 G. Graglia New Pocket Dict. Ital. & Eng. s.v. powder v., Powder beef, salare del manso.
powder blower n. an instrument for blowing powder on to something.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling > sprinkling with powder > device for
dust-box1581
dredger1666
dredging-box1712
dredge-box1812
pulverizator1871
powder blower1875
powder gun1890
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1781/1 Powder-blower, an instrument for blowing powder on to plants or into crevices infested by insects.
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 717/1 Powder Blower, (Surgical.) An instrument for blowing a powder upon a part.
1974 S. Clapham Greenhouse Bk. vii. 57 The insecticidal dusts..can be easily and conveniently applied, preferably through a powder blower.
1991 Mod. Casting (Nexis) Sept. 64 A powder blower to transport the additives to the powder injection point.
powder bowl n. an ornamental bowl for holding (esp. cosmetic) powder.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > sets and containers for
dressing box1607
toileta1684
dressing case1778
service1851
toiletry1892
powder bowl1894
vanity bag1907
vanity-box1911
powder compact1920
compact1921
vanity set1930
flapjack1934
minaudière1940
1894 Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin) 22 Dec. 1/4 The powder-bowl in repousse silver has taken its [sc. the powder box's] place.
1919 in G. Howell In Vogue (1975) 34/1 Porcelain powder bowls, for dusting powder.
1972 Daily Tel. 10 Oct. 13 Today's young people hardly know what a rose-bowl is, and few possess a cut-glass powder-bowl for loose powder and feathery puff.
2005 Waikato Times (Hamilton, N.Z.) (Nexis) 4 June 7 The old dressing table ware from the 1930s and 40s was very elegant, especially the powder bowls.
powder cake n. a block of compressed face powder.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > preparations for the skin or complexion > powders
powder1538
rice powder1772
face powder1788
toilet powder1833
French white1844
baby powder1853
violet powder1856
poudre de riz1859
splash1863
papier poudré1907
powder cake1925
1925 Lima (Ohio) News & Times-Democrat 18 Oct. 9/2 (advt.) Everywhere high school and college girls are demanding this pretty toilet requisite [sc. a compact]... Fitted with powder cake and rouge.
1961 ‘A. A. Fair’ Stop at Red Light (1962) v. 82 Parts of a powder cake were on the floor, and bits of glass from the broken mirror.
2004 Fortune (Nexis) 4 Oct. 170 So many women were willing to spend $6 on a lipstick or $10 on powder cake that by 1996 her company was No. 1 in the Chinese market.
powder cart n. now historical a covered cart for carrying gunpowder.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > military vehicles > [noun] > vehicles for transport of supplies collectively > ammunition cart or wagon
ammunition wagon1648
caisson1704
powder cart1795
car battery1876
1795 Times 27 July 3/1 The enemy made another attempt from the fort of the Peninsula of Quiberon; we took from them a powder-cart, with the coat of arms of George.
1848 J. R. Lowell Biglow Papers 1st Ser. vii. 89 But civlyzation doos git forrid Sometimes upon a powder-cart.
1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 467 Powder Cart, a two-wheeled carriage covered with an angular roof of boards. To prevent the powder from becoming damp, a tarred canvas is put over the roof.
2001 Bath Chron. (Nexis) 3 Feb. 2 Hopton himself was severely wounded and temporarily blinded by the explosion of a powder cart.
powder chamber n. (a) an underground chamber in which gunpowder is stored (now historical); (b) the cavity in a gun into which the powder charge is inserted.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > parts and fittings of firearms > [noun] > bore > chamber
chamber1591
powder chamber1710
1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Fourneau, is the Powder Chamber, or the Chamber of a Mine, which holds the Powder in Barrels or Sacks, (usually about 1000lb. Weight).
1803 Jrnl. Nat. Philos. Apr. 251 As soon as the lever has arrived at the position N, the powder chamber P is exactly opposite the ball, and ready to be discharged against it.
1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 467 Powder Chamber, in gunnery, the portion of the bore for the reception of the powder charge.
1984 Guns & Ammo (Nexis) Oct. 75 The ‘2-in-1’ die..has a hardened steel pin which punches clean through the base of the powder chamber.
1999 Times Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 24 Sept. 27 We are about to enter ‘the most dangerous part of the fort’, the powder chamber. It does not bear thinking of what a careless match would have done to the 50 tons of gunpowder once kept here.
powder closet n. now historical a small room used for powdering hair or wigs.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > places for styling hair > [noun] > for powdering the hair
powdering room1767
powdering closet1786
powder room1788
powder closet1848
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair xlviii. 429 Lord Steyne, who was in his place at court, as Lord of the Powder Closet, and one of the great dignitaries and illustrious defences of the throne of England.
1905 Pall Mall Mag. Dec. 746/1 Violante..lay dozing in the powder closet which opened out of Donna Carlotta's bedroom.
1999 Birmingham Post (Nexis) 8 Oct. 33 They are served by a dressing room and three bathrooms, one of which is set above the porch and was originally a powder closet.
powder-coated adj. covered in powder; that has a powder coating.
ΚΠ
1903 N.Y. Times Mag. 15 Feb. 13/1 A cheer went up from the powder-coated throats of his men.
1948 Proc. Symp. Large-scale Digital Calculating Machinery 1947 229 It is of importance in the investigation of all magnetic circuits containing portions of increased reluctance, including powder-coated recording media.
2002 T. Lott Rumours of Hurricane (2003) xiii. 282 Pitched roof, powder-coated aluminium, with decorated crest finials.
powder coating n. a coating of powder, spec. a durable coating applied by spraying the surface to be coated with an electrostatically charged mixture of pigment and polyester or epoxy resin particles which is then heat-treated to produce a smooth film; the process of applying such a coating.
ΚΠ
1929 N.Y. Times 3 Nov. viii. (advt.) Not a mere powder-coating, but an invisible film of beauty more perfect..than any human complexion.
1951 Nashua (New Hampsh.) Tel. 15 June 10/2 The powder coating inside present [television] screens forms a picture by glowing whenever beams of electrons strike it.
1999 Canad. Biker July 18/3 The modern choices for frame painting are either powder coating or ‘two-pack’ spray paint. In theory, powder coating is just like spraying paint on ‘dry’, then oven-curing it.
powder colour n. (a) = powder paint n.; (b) (Hairdressing) a colour rinse in powder form.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > paints
oil colour1498
oila1536
oil paint1759
cake colour1784
colour cake1794
moist colour1842
powder colour1862
tube-colour1881
tempera1883
powder paint1911
poster colour1925
finger paint1935
poster paint1939
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > [noun] > colours
wash1670
permanent dye1815
blondine1888
hair lightener1892
washable distemper1894
reng1901
tint1921
blue rinse1924
rinse1928
permanent tint1960
powder colour1966
toner1966
1862 Internat. Exhib.: Illustr. Catal. Industr. Dept. II. xxix. §5512 Colours prepared for missal-painting, and illumination in soluble powder-colour.
1966 J. Stevens Cox Illustr. Dict. Hairdressing & Wigmaking 121/1 Powder-colour, colour rinses in powder form.
1995 K. McCloud Techniques of Decorating (1998) 68/3 For antiquing wax mix a little artists' oil paint, powder colour, and fuller's earth or powdered rottenstone with beeswax furniture polish and a little turpentine.
powder compact n. a small flat case containing compressed face powder, a mirror, and a powder puff; = compact n.2 e.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > sets and containers for
dressing box1607
toileta1684
dressing case1778
service1851
toiletry1892
powder bowl1894
vanity bag1907
vanity-box1911
powder compact1920
compact1921
vanity set1930
flapjack1934
minaudière1940
1920 Lima (Ohio) News 12 July Jeweler-designed vanity case containing rouge or powder compact.
1996 Just Seventeen 14 Aug. 48/2 A two-in-one foundation and powder compact gives good coverage and is easy to carry for touch-ups.
powder corn n. Obsolete rare a grain of gunpowder.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > explosive for use with firearms > grain of
corn1595
powder corn1612
grain1667
1612 B. Jonson Alchemist i. i. sig. Bv Your complexion..Stuck full of blacke, and melancholique wormes, Like poulder cornes, shot, at th' Artillery-yard. View more context for this quotation
powder division n. Military (now historical) a division of the crew of a man-of-war detailed to supply ammunition during action.
ΚΠ
1856 J. A. Dahlgren Shells & Shell-Guns 273 A choice between two sizes of shot with three charges on one hand, and one size of shot with seven charges on the other,—thereby abolishing the trouble at the shot locker, but increasing in the magazine and the powder division.
1865 in Jrnl. Negro Hist. (1968) 53 77 [Brown] remained steadfast at his post and performed his duties in the powder division throughout the furious action which resulted in the surrender of the prize rebel ram Tennessee.
1998 Amer. Spectator (Nexis) July Aboard the Raleigh a young lieutenant went below deck to check on the crew in the powder division.
powder dust n. (a) earth or other solid matter in a powdery state; (b) gunpowder (obsolete).
ΚΠ
?1558 T. Hill Most Briefe Treat. Garden vii. sig. Cviii Mustard seade..spryngeth in anye grounde: and noryshed in fyne earth, like to pouder dust.
1668 J. White Rich Cabinet (ed. 4) 87 The serpents or fisgigs are made about the bignesse of ones little finger, by rowling a paper upon a small rowler..and choaking the paper coffin an inch from the end, then fill it three inches with powder dust.
1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) ii. xxxi. 152 Fill these with good Powder dust, moistned with Oyle of Salt-Peter.
1792 G. Montagu Sportsman’s Direct. 32 I proceeded to try what force equal parts of powder dust and small grains mixed together would produce.
1845 Littell's Living Age 1 Feb. 281/2 It will be seen from this that the glazing is due to friction. Consequently some powder dust must result.
2004 Birmingham (Alabama) News (Nexis) 9 July [The cement plant]..would produce mixed concrete for transportation to construction sites. This would mean the plant would not produce a dry powder dust.
powder ermine n. Obsolete the white fur of the ermine powdered with black spots; (in plural) trimmings of this fur; cf. ermine n. 2, 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of stoat
ermine1297
powder ermine1534
ermelin1555
1534 in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 207 A mantell for our lady of cloth of tysseu purfild aboute w powther armyn.
c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 45 A robe of crimson velvett furred with poudre ermyns.
powder flag n. the red flag carried by a powder-hoy, or hoisted on a ship when taking in, carrying, or discharging gunpowder or explosives.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > signalling > visual signalling > flag signalling > [noun] > signal flag > specific
black flag1583
yellow flag1587
red flag1748
yellow jack1753
Blue Peter1754
fire flag1798
recall1832
pilot jack1848
homeward-bound pennant1853
powder flag1864
paying-off pennant1869
Peter1890
storm flag1896
negative flag1897
blackball1966
1864 Times 21 Nov. 9/3 A powder flag must be kept flying during the time the combustible stores are on board.
1872 G. H. Preble Hist. Flag (1880) 676 A Powder Flag—A plain red flag hoisted at the fore, denoting the vessel is taking in or discharging powder.
1931 Key West (Florida) Citizen 12 June 5/1 Among the things you don't do aboard a battleship..are the following:... Smoke when the red ‘powder’ flag is flying.
2000 Seattle Munic. Code (Electronic ed.) 10 July (O.E.D. archive) §16.20.190 Every vessel approaching or passing any vessel engaged in the transfer of explosives and from which is displayed the red powder flag shall slow down to a no wake speed.
powder gas n. gas emitted in the explosion of gunpowder.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > organic gases > [noun] > other named
coal gas1806
oil-gas1820
natural gas1825
resin gas1828
powder gas1860
hydrocarbon gasc1865
air-gas1872
fluoroform1876
formene1884
biomethane1947
Sarin1951
1860 Times 17 May 12/3 Upwards of 200 rounds were fired in all, without a single instance of miss-fire or fouling, or the slightest escape of the powder gas manifesting itself.
1890 W. J. Gordon Foundry 21 To prevent the escape of powder gas an elastic steel cap is fitted on the front of the breech-screw.
1986 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 10 June 1/1 The idea is to use the powder gas to drive a piston, which in turn compresses hydrogen in a narrow bore holding the projectile.
powder gun n. (a) a device for diffusing, projecting, or compelling powder; cf. powder blower n.; (b) a gun in which an explosive powder (as opposed to compressed air, etc.) is used as the propelling agent, esp. a muzzle-loading gun.
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the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > [noun] > scattering in small particles or sprinkling > sprinkling with powder > device for
dust-box1581
dredger1666
dredging-box1712
dredge-box1812
pulverizator1871
powder blower1875
powder gun1890
1890 Cent. Dict. Powder-gun, an instrument for diffusing insect-powder.
1977 ‘J. Gash’ Judas Pair xv. 186 There were the powder guns, but black powder is notorious unstable... I decided on the Barrat pair, although they were percussion.
1985 Guns & Ammo (Nexis) Jan. 39 If you would like the poster plus Allen Fire Arms' latest catalog of quality replica black powder and smokeless powder guns, send $5 postpaid.
2005 Industr. Paint & Powder (Nexis) 1 Apr. 48 The day will come when we will pick up a powder gun or liquid gun, trigger it and every ounce of powder or liquid will be applied to the substrate in the proper density.
powder hose n. now rare a fuse for firing a mine, consisting of a tube of strong linen filled with an explosive powder.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [noun] > land-mine > fuse for mine
pudding1691
saucisse1702
sausage1704
saucisson1827
powder hose1832
1832 R. Southey Hist. Peninsular War III. 420 A communication [was] formed to them with powder hoses placed between tiles.
1918 E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 467 Powder-hose, a tube of strong linen, about an inch in diameter, filled with powder and used in firing military mines.
powder hound n. (a) (in the First World War (1914–18)) a dog trained to carry ammunition to troops in battle; (b) Skiing a person who skis or prefers to ski on powder snow (cf. hound n.1 4e).
ΚΠ
1916 Washington Post 23 Apr. 7/2 The powder hounds have been trained by the Italian military authorities to carry ammunition to the fighting line.
1969 Portsmouth (New Hampsh.) Herald 16 Jan. 14/1 (advt.) The super ski for powder hounds,..hugs slopes in deepest powder.
2001 Ski Feb. 4 (advt.) The narrow, quick stance of the fall-line bump skier, or powder hound darting through the glades.
powder house n. a building for storing gunpowder or other explosive material; also figurative.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > store of weapons or equipment > [noun] > place for storing weapons > gunpowder store
powder house1461
magazinea1599
powder magazine1712
1461 Patent Roll, 1 Edward IV 18 July (P.R.O.: C 66/492) m. 5 Vna domo vocat. Powederhous in Turri nostra predicta [sc. the Tower of London].
1626 in B. W. Quintrell Maynard Lieutenancy Bk. (1993) I. 143 Wee finde..an intention to build..a second powther house.
1720 in Mass. House of Representatives Jrnl. (1921) 2 288 Daniel Powning, keeper of the Powder-House.
1848 Knickerbocker 18 216 The powder house, the pound, the poor-house and the county-house, are all objects of notice to the traveller.
1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 7 Sept. 181/4 The spark that fired this powder-house was a letter protesting against the ‘constant criticism’ of the methods of Lancashire cricketers.
1997 Archaeology Sept.–Oct. 100/2 It was a self-sufficient complex that included a..powder house and proofing house (where the muskets were test fired).
powder-house-keeper n. Obsolete rare a custodian of a powder house.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > store of weapons or equipment > [noun] > place for storing weapons > gunpowder store > keeper of
powder-house-keeper1789
1789 in Rec. Early Hist. Boston (1886) X. 183 Foster Thomas, powder-house-keeper.
powder-hoy n. now historical a small sailing vessel for carrying gunpowder from shore to a warship.
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society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > war vessel > [noun] > tender or supply vessel
victuallera1572
handmaid1599
magazine ship1617
magazine1624
victualling-ship1665
tender1675
storeship1693
supply ship1778
foraging-ship1809
supply boat1823
powder-hoy1867
oiler1916
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Powder-hoy, an ordnance vessel expressly fitted to convey powder from the land magazine to a ship; it invariably carries a red distinguishing flag.
1994 P. O'Brian Commodore (1996) vii. 193 I ask him to have a powder-hoy, a loaded powder-hoy, ready for me when the squadron arrives.
powder instrument n. Obsolete a device employing gunpowder, a firearm.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > [noun]
cane of fire1550
shota1578
fire1590
fire piece1592
fireweapon?1592
powder instrument1613
firearm1643
firegun1677
bulldog1700
nail driver1823
peacemaker1840
thunder stick1918
1613 G. Wither Abuses Stript ii. iv. sig. S4v The Law, that now preuents, And barres the vse of Pouder-instruments.
1648 Bp. J. Wilkins Math. Magick i. xvii. 126 The greatest Cannon in use, does not carry above 64 pound weight... Amongst the Turks..there have been sometimes used such powder instruments, as may equall the force of those invented by Archimedes.
powder-knife n. now historical a blunt knife used to scrape off hair-powder from the skin.
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the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning or cleanliness of the person > [noun] > knife for scraping powder from skin
powder-knife1779
1779 Proc. King’s Comm. Peace i.46 Seven steel razors, value 14s. nine pair of steel scissars, value 9s. a powder knife, value 2s. seven pair of metal shoe buckles, value 7s. [etc.].
1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. x. 260 Using a powder-knife which has so broad an edge, that it grounds the powder into your skin.
1996 Germanic Rev. 71 86 The scarf left by the Ghost of Hamlet's father, a powder-knife..and a doctor's bag join Mariane's scarf and pearls as tangible memorabilia.
powder-lime n. Obsolete powdered lime, obtained by burning limestone (see lime n.1 3a).
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > lime materials > [noun] > powdered lime
powder-lime1765
1765 C. Varlo Treat. Agric. xii. 217 Take the bulk of two or three wheat sheaves of wormwood..with this mix two bushels of common salt, four bushels of quick or powder lime and three pounds of copperas.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §185 I..tried a quantity of powder-lime that had fallen from a stone imperfectly burnt.
powder magazine n. a place for the storage of gunpowder in a fort, on board ship, etc.; also figurative.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > store of weapons or equipment > [noun] > place for storing weapons > gunpowder store
powder house1461
magazinea1599
powder magazine1712
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > room, locker, or quarters > [noun] > other specific rooms on naval vessel
powder room1582
powder magazine1712
engine room1749
pressroom1813
light box1860
wet room1970
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > container for gunpowder
powder box1379
powder barrel1496
powder poke1496
powder horn1508
powder bag1533
flask1549
powder flask1552
budge-barrel1627
powder chest1627
powder magazine1712
auget1752
powder keg1791
salting-box1802
pulverain1890
1712 Dutch Generosity & Eng. Gratitude 12 The States of Holland had resolv'd to cause his Majesty to be receiv'd at the Powder Magazine upon the Channel.
1832 F. A. Butler Jrnl. 21 Nov. (1835) I. 387 We looked at the guns and powder magazine..and peeped into the officers' quarters.
1888 R. Kipling Departm. Ditties 7 Dec. 147 You shouldn't take a man from Canada And bid him smoke in powder-magazines.
1933 J. Buchan Prince of Captivity ii. ii. 196 Birkpool is..becoming a powder magazine.
2005 Indian Express (Nexis) 29 June Maharaja Ranjit Singh and his followers, had converted the finest mosques into powder magazines or stables.
powder metallurgical adj. of, relating to, or concerned with the process of powder metallurgy.
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society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [adjective] > branches of
pyrotechnical1610
pyrotechnic1704
siderurgical1859
metallographical1902
pyrometallurgical1902
metallographic1904
powder metallurgical1949
1949 Electronic Engin. 21 88/1 The production of intricate structures is due to the fact that moulding powders are now made by powder-metallurgical processes.
2002 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 374 597/1 Processing of steel with powder metallurgical methods such as sintering or hot-pressing have proven to be a powerful tool for the production of industrial parts.
powder metallurgist n. an expert or specialist in powder metallurgy.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > in specific branch
pyrometallurgist1921
powder metallurgist1949
1949 C. G. Goetzel Treat. Powder Metall. I. p. vii The final chapter of Part One covers briefly the many uses for metal powders that are somewhat beyond the sphere of interest of the powder metallurgist.
1980 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 10 July d2/1 As in other industries that are heavily dependent on the automobile industry, powder metallurgists saw their business decline last year.
powder metallurgy n. the branch of metallurgy which is concerned with the production of metals as fine powders and their subsequent pressing and sintering into compact forms.
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society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > branches of metallurgy
pyrotechny1592
metallostatics1665
siderurgy1869
metallography1871
physical metallurgy1905
pyrometallurgy1909
powder metallurgy1933
1933 Engin. & Mining Jrnl. 134 373/1 What is frequently referred to as ‘powder metallurgy’ had its beginnings at the turn of the century when the metals tungsten and molybdenum first became commercial commodities.
1959 Listener 12 Mar. 453/1 Coolidge in America developed the process now known as powder metallurgy, by which a bar of compressed tungsten powder was sintered at a temperature below the melting point of the metal.
1993 R. J. Pond Introd. Engin. Technol. (ed. 2) x. 296 Powder metallurgy..is a manufacturing technique involving the compaction of powdered metal.
2002 Times (Nexis) 4 Nov. (Business section) 5 Powder metallurgy is a way of producing complex, high-performance parts in one pressing.
powder-mill n. [compare French moulin à poudre machine for grinding an explosive mixture of saltpetre, sulphur, and charcoal (a1630)] now chiefly historical a mill for making gunpowder.
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society > occupation and work > workplace > place where specific things are made > [noun] > explosives
powder-mill1645
corning-mill1794
shot-tower1835
hill1897
charge-house1900
1645 Contin. Speciall Passages Parl. No. 14. 6 Our Pouder Mill was burnt.
1772 G. White Jrnl. 5 Jan. (1970) v. 47 The concussion felt Jan.: 6..was occasioned by the blowing-up of the powder-mill near Hounslow.
1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits xv. 264 We walked with some circumspection, as if we were entering a powder-mill.
1951 N. Pevsner Middlesex (Buildings of Eng.) 115 The famous old powder mills have alas been pulled down.
2004 Kent & Sussex Courier (Nexis) 19 Mar. It is 70 years since the production of gunpowder stopped at Leigh powder mills, costing many local jobs.
powder mine n. a mine (mine n. 5) filled with gunpowder; also figurative.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > explosive device > [noun] > land-mine
petard1566
powder minea1639
fougade1643
bomb-chest1704
caisson1704
globe of compression1771
torpedo1786
fougasse1832
stifler1836
landmine1875
observation mine1886
egg1917
a1639 T. Dekker et al. Witch of Edmonton (1658) v. i. 52 Like a swift Powder-Mine beneath the world, Up would I blow it.
1726 tr. G. Daniel Hist. France III. 181 This castle is the first place that was ever taken by a powder-mine.
1832 T. Carlyle Misc. Ess. (1847) III. 114 The explosion of powder-mines and artillery-parks naturally attracts every eye and ear.
1909 ‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny xvii. 275 Calm now, but a powder mine where he had been but a whiff of the tantrums.
2002 Business Hist. Rev. (Nexis) Summer 267 The public does not understand to what extent they are living over a powder mine.
powder paint n. an opaque water-soluble paint in powder form.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > equipment for painting or drawing > [noun] > paints
oil colour1498
oila1536
oil paint1759
cake colour1784
colour cake1794
moist colour1842
powder colour1862
tube-colour1881
tempera1883
powder paint1911
poster colour1925
finger paint1935
poster paint1939
1911 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg. 24 May 6/3 Jay Clewson is..agent for A. L. Rice's powder paints.
1939 L. de Lissa Life in Nursery School ix. 158 Powder paints are cheap and suitable and can be obtained in good colours.
1955 E. Blishen Roaring Boys i. 33 How should I learn to distinguish between different types of brush, to mix powder paint?
2005 Spectator (Nexis) 2 Apr. 34 A wild-eyed herbalist who waved in my face a jar of potion the rainbow colours of children's powder paints.
powder pink n. and adj. (a) n. a soft, pale, dusty shade of pink; (b) adj. of this colour.
ΚΠ
1900 North Adams (Mass.) Evening Transcript 10 May French cashmere..and fine French flannel in soft powder pink make pretty house blouses.
1902 Indiana (Pa.) Weekly Messenger 12 Mar. For a younger wearer is a bodice of powder-pink silk.
1992 Canad. Gardening June 8/2 Every July Uncle Fred's back garden is nearly overrun with the two-foot..tall poppies, which grow in powder pink and clear red.
2000 Independent 1 Mar. i. 5/8 Pretty ballerinas in powder pink tulle.
powder plot n. (also Powder Plot) now historical and rare = Gunpowder Plot n. at gunpowder n. Compounds 2a.
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society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > an insurrection > specific
Jacquerie1523
powder treason1607
powder plot1611
the Fifteena1797
Gunpowder Plot1796
whisky insurrection1824
the Forty-five1832
whisky rebellion1863
Easter Rising1916
intifada1985
1611 in M. C. Questier Newslett. Archpresbyterate G. Birkhead (1998) 128 He is very sharp against diverse of their writers about the doctrine of deposition & the powder plott.
1651 R. Williams Bloody Tenent yet More Bloody in R. H. Pearce Colonial Amer. Writing (1956) 59 This Tenent is so universally opposite to God and man..that like the Powder-plot, it threatens to blow up all Religion.
1716 T. Bradbury Serm. preach'd November 5 4 The first amazing Kindness that's inscribed upon the Fifth of November..is the Discovery of the Powder-Plot.
1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. v. viii. 284 Levelled Cannon, Guy-Faux powder-plots (for that too was spoken of).
1900 Dict. National Biogr. LXIII. 163/1 The trial of Guy Fawkes and the great powder-plot conspirators.
1996 Guardian (Nexis) 23 Aug. (Review section) 15 The Powder Plot is not just a story of Jacobean intrigue, and plotting and sub-plotting at the centre of State.
powder plotter n. a conspirator involved in the Gunpowder Plot.
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society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > insurgent > partisan in specific insurrection
maul1525
powder traitor1612
powder plotter1614
the Shepherds1759
Vendean1796
Decembrist1851
1614 T. Jackson Third Bk. Comm. Apostles Creede iii. xxxii. §3 If powder-plotters, or publique Assasinates may be dignified with titles of Saints.
1663 E. Hickeringill Apol. Distressed Innocence in Wks. (1709) I. 297 The old Powder-Plotters..are shot-free and Justice-proof by a pious charm.
1684 J. Moore Of Patience 43 This King-killing Doctrine..was the foundation upon which the Powder Plotters laid their horrible Design.
1950 H. N. Paul Royal Play Macbeth 238 After the trial of the powder plotters the people of England..for the first time learned a good deal about the Jesuits' doctrine of equivocation.
1996 Guardian (Nexis) 23 Aug. 15 Lady Antonia, a Catholic herself, is not above the temptation to allow..absolving..waters to flow over the wounds of her blessed powder plotters.
powder-plotting adj. Obsolete that conspires in the Gunpowder Plot; also in extended use.
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society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [adjective] > specific insurrection
powder-plotting1653
Vendean1796
Maji-Maji1918
1653 R. Baxter Worcester-shire Petition 34 Powder Plotting Papists.
1795 Minister’s Head 10 There is a tax..often suggested to our powder-plotting helmsman, and that undoubtedly would prove productive in more senses than one..I mean a tax on bachelors.
powder poke n. Scottish Obsolete a bag for carrying or holding powder, esp. gunpowder.
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the world > food and drink > food > container for food > [noun] > chest, box, or bag > for salt or spices
powder bag1393
powder poke1496
saffron-bag?a1513
pepper polk1568
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > equipment for use with firearms > [noun] > container for gunpowder
powder box1379
powder barrel1496
powder poke1496
powder horn1508
powder bag1533
flask1549
powder flask1552
budge-barrel1627
powder chest1627
powder magazine1712
auget1752
powder keg1791
salting-box1802
pulverain1890
1496 in T. Dickson Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1877) I. 294 For xij powdir pokis of leddir to the gunnaris.
1532 Acc. L.H. Tr. Scot. VI. 155 Item, deliverit to thame [gunners] vj pulder pokis.
1548 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1911) IX. 271 Pulder polkes.
powder-post n. chiefly U.S. the powder of worm-eaten wood; (also) the damaged condition of wood reduced to powder by boring larvae; occasionally figurative; cf. powder of post n. at Phrases 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > worthless or quack
empiric?a1425
empirical1656
powder of post1662
powder-post1790
snake oil1831
the mind > attention and judgement > importance > unimportance > [noun] > that which is unimportant > worthless
hawc1000
turdc1275
fille1297
dusta1300
lead1303
skitc1330
naught1340
vanityc1340
wrakea1350
rushc1350
dirt1357
fly's wing1377
goose-wing1377
fartc1390
chaff?a1400
nutshella1400
shalec1400
yardc1400
wrack1472
pelfrya1529
trasha1529
dreg1531
trish-trash1542
alchemy1547
beggary?1548
rubbish1548
pelfa1555
chip1556
stark naught1562
paltry?1566
rubbish1566
riff-raff1570
bran1574
baggage1579
nihil1579
trush-trash1582
stubblea1591
tartar1590
garbage1592
bag of winda1599
a cracked or slit groat1600
kitchen stuff1600
tilta1603
nothing?1608
bauble1609
countera1616
a pair of Yorkshire sleeves in a goldsmith's shop1620
buttermilk1630
dross1632
paltrement1641
cattle1643
bagatelle1647
nothingness1652
brimborion1653
stuff1670
flap-dragon1700
mud1706
caput mortuuma1711
snuff1778
twaddle1786
powder-post1790
traffic1828
junk1836
duffer1852
shice1859
punk1869
hogwash1870
cagmag1875
shit1890
tosh1892
tripe1895
dreck1905
schlock1906
cannon fodder1917
shite1928
skunk1929
crut1937
chickenshit1938
crud1943
Mickey Mouse1958
gick1959
garbo1978
turd1978
pants1994
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [noun] > loss of material > worm-eaten state > powder of a worm-eaten post
powder-post1790
1790 S. Deane New-Eng. Farmer 151/1 The smaller kind [of timber worm] eats only the sappy part of the wood, turning it to what is vulgarly called powder-post.
1845 S. Judd Margaret ii. vii. 313 The grubs of the law have gnawed into us, and we are all powder-post.
1863 D. G. Mitchell My Farm of Edgewood 83 A wild, sweeping, gallant blaze..wrapped old powder-post timbers in its roar.
1927 Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric. No. 1490. 7 Powder post is that class of defects in which the larvae of insects reduce the wood fibers of seasoned or partially seasoned wood to a powderlike condition.
2003 Assoc. Press State & Local Wire (Nexis) 13 May [They] discovered powder post damage in the house, caused by insects in the wood.
powder-post beetle n. any of various small brown beetles whose larvae bore tunnels in seasoned timber, reducing it to powder, esp. those of the genus Lyctus or the family Lyctidae.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > order Coleoptera or beetles and weevils > [noun] > Polyphaga (omnivorous) > superfamily Diversicornia > member of family Lyctidae (powder-post beetle)
powder-post beetle1904
lyctus1917
1904 Wellsboro (Pa.) Gaz. 10 Mar. 3/3 The powder-post beetle has an enormous appetite, and seemingly unlimited capacity for the various well-seasoned woods used in building.
1928 Forestry 2 42 The sapwood..has been reduced to a finely powdered, floury condition—the characteristic damage that gives the name of ‘powder-post beetles’ to the Lyctus species.
1995 Mother Earth News Dec. 33/4 Nature devised bark beetles and powder-post beetles to grind cellulose small enough that molds and bacteria can consume it.
powder pot n. (a) an earthenware pot containing gunpowder, used as a grenade; = firepot n. 1 (now historical); (b) a (decorative) pot for cosmetic powder.
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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > [noun] > incendiary missile
fireballc1485
stopsel1489
firework1528
ball?a1549
firepot?a1549
bomb1588
powder pot1611
fire-trunk1639
1611 W. Pemberton Let. 23 Apr. in F. C. Danvers Lett. E. India Company (1896) I. 88 I pray you..to give order for more powder pots, as also for a little lime to mingle with the powder.
1774 F. Holliday Introd. Fortification & Pract. Gunnery p. x I need not say any thing with regard how to make cartridges, to fix the hand-grenades, powder-chests, powder-pots, powder-tubs, &c.
1876 Athens (Ohio) Messenger 23 Mar. 2/1 Mrs. Harry thought remorsefully of the little china powder pot with its downy puff, with which she used to ‘cool down’ her complexion on hot days.
1929 J. Steinbeck Cup of Gold iii. 135 Powder pots flew over the walls, tearing and maiming the defenders in their burst.
1992 J. Chambers Picture the Past 49 Bedrooms in Victorian times always had a ‘chamber set’, which consisted of a pitcher, or jug, basin, soapdish and powder pot.
powder prover n. Obsolete an apparatus for testing the strength of gunpowder; = eprouvette n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > [noun] > manufacture of firearms and ammunition > testing > testing instruments > apparatus for testing gunpowder
powder-trier1667
eprouvette1782
powder prover1792
proof1800
provett1811
1792 G. Montagu Sportsman's Direct. 3 Persons are too apt to fancy they have the most unparalleled gun, the best method of loading, and the most unerring powder prover.
1871 W. P. Blake Notices Mining Machinery 28 In composition, the principal difference between this and other powders is the substitution of peat for charcoal; and this, together with the method of manufacture, produces an article which, it is claimed, has invariably shown, in the ‘powder prover,’ a strength from twenty to thirty percent.
powder-push n. Medicine rare a device for applying powder.
ΚΠ
1908 Practitioner Nov. 742 The..straight end of the tube is fitted with a spring powder-push with a double bellows.
powder rag n. now historical a piece of cloth for applying face powder.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > instrument used to apply > instrument used to apply powder
puffc1651
powder puff1678
powdering puff1699
pluff1714
puff1732
puffball1821
powder rag1878
puffer1971
1878 Daily Republican (Decatur) 18 Nov. In that glove she carries..a wad of bills..matinee checks and maybe a diminutive powder rag.
a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) II. ii. 33 Susan..safeguarded her nose against shine; she tucked the powder rag into the stocking.
2003 Battle Creek (Mich.) Enquirer (Nexis) 19 Aug. 1 c Public primping using powder rags, eyebrow pencils and rouge brushes were flaunted openly at the theaters, restaurants, hotels and in shops.
powder-scuttle n. now historical a small opening in the deck of a ship for conveying gunpowder from the powder room.
ΚΠ
1760 Naval Chron. 3 387 He went into the Cabin, open'd the Powder Scuttle,..collected the Remains of his Crew, [etc.].
2005 users4.ev1.net 14 Oct. (O.E.D. Archive) Powder scuttles mounted on bulkheads allow powder to be passed between compartments while maintaining complete separation.
powder-shoot n. now historical a canvas shoot (shoot n.1 6a) on the gun deck of a man-of-war for transferring empty powder-boxes to a lower deck.
ΚΠ
1890 Cent. Dict. Powder-shoot, a canvas tube for conveying empty powder-boxes from the gun-deck of a ship to a lower deck.
powder-shop n. Obsolete rare a shop for the sale of hair-powder and other cosmetics, a perfumer's shop.
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the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > [noun] > places which sell
powder-shopa1704
a1704 T. Brown Acct. Conversat. Liberty of Conscience in Duke of Buckingham Misc. Wks. (1705) II. i. 129 You think my Trade a Nuisance, I like it better, than a Powder-Shop.
powder slope n. a slope covered in powder snow.
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the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > other
sea-slope1838
face1857
rand1939
powder slope1972
1972 D. Haston In High Places xi. 115 I could put this [failure] out of my mind swooping around the powder slopes.
1996 Sunday Tel. 13 Oct. (Review section) 24/4 They like wide open powder slopes, fast cruising pistes and as few drag-lifts as possible.
powder-spot n. Obsolete = gunpowder spot n. at gunpowder n. Compounds 1b.
ΚΠ
1683 J. Oldham Poems & Transl. 189 There's nought so mean, can scape the flatt'ring Sot, Not his Lord's Snuff-box, nor his Powder-Spot.
1721 London Gaz. No. 5957/3 A blue Powder-Spot under his Left Eye.
powder sugar n. powdered or crushed sugar; (now esp.) caster sugar or icing sugar.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > [noun] > sugar > powder or castor sugar
powder sugar1598
castor-sugar1855
table sugar1897
1598 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Praxis Med. Vniuersalis at Sugar The fourth kinde is the Malta or powder Sugar.
1624 Althorp MS p. lvi. in J. N. Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. Powther sugar 2 barrells.
1753 E. Purefoy Let. 26 Sept. in G. Eland Purefoy Lett. (1931) I. iv. 69 Send mee..half an hundred of Powder sugar at 66s.
1854 V. Aimé Plantation Diary (1878) 172 Through making powder sugar.
1999 Miami Herald (Nexis) 30 Mar. 1 e On a typical week she orders 100 pounds of butter..200 pounds of powder sugar, 50 pounds of chocolate chips, [etc.].
powder-sugar v. (transitive) to sprinkle with or as if with powder sugar .
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle > sprinkle (a surface) with something > (as) with specific substance
sandc1374
snowc1400
be-ash1530
gravel1543
bemeal1598
kern1613
meal1613
powder-sugar1654
ash1655
sawdust1882
1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iii. iii. 84 She powder-sugar'd it with a little burnt Allum.
2001 Star Tribune (Minneapolis) (Nexis) 23 June 1 a Most Saturdays he's at the bakery by 3 a.m., icing coffee cakes or powder-sugaring doughnuts.
powder tax n. a tax on powder or powdered goods; spec. a tax on hair powder (now historical).In quot. 1775 probably: a tax on gunpowder.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > on other commodities
boscage1483
maletent1543
stackage1587
powder tax1775
newspaper stamp duty1815
newspaper stamp1826
timber due1883
carbon tax1979
1775 T. Jefferson Memorandum Bks. 20 May (1997) I. 394 P[ai]d. for 14. tythes Albemarle listed in my name the powder tax 21/.
1794 J. Moser (title) The Meal Tub Plot; or, Remarks on the Powder Tax, by a Barber.
1861 G. W. Thornbury Life J. M. W. Turner I. 163 The powder-tax that the Tories imposed in 1795..drove out wigs.
1887 Dict. National Biogr. XI. 305/2 Coleridge..discoursed..on the corn laws and the powder tax, and put to flight a very thin congregation.
1995 New Republic (Nexis) 26 Dec. 10 In a surprise end run, the powdered milk industry convinced the Senate to pass the powder tax.
2004 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 27 Dec. 34 The ‘hair gel tax’ is their variation on Pitt the Younger's wig powder tax of 1795.
powder traitor n. Obsolete = powder plotter n.; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > insurgent > partisan in specific insurrection
maul1525
powder traitor1612
powder plotter1614
the Shepherds1759
Vendean1796
Decembrist1851
1612 in M. C. Questier Newslett. Archpresbyterate G. Birkhead (1998) 180 It was told the Bishops that we were Iesu[i]tted men and I in particuler a powder traiter.
1731 Magna Britannia VI. 228/2 His Zeal in apprehending..the Powder Traitors.
1787 Berwick Museum I. 410 He lays his train, like a powder-traitor, and gets out of the way, while he blows up all that trusted him.
powder treason n. (also Powder Treason) now historical the treason of the Gunpowder Plotters of 1605; gunpowder treason (see gunpowder n. Compounds 2).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > insurrection > [noun] > an insurrection > specific
Jacquerie1523
powder treason1607
powder plot1611
the Fifteena1797
Gunpowder Plot1796
whisky insurrection1824
the Forty-five1832
whisky rebellion1863
Easter Rising1916
intifada1985
1607 S. Hieron Ruine Gods Enemies in Wks. (1620) I. 442 An euident instant whereof we haue had in the powder-treason; a deuice, which a man would thinke the diuell himselfe should be ashamed to father.
1714 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus (ed. 3) II. vii. vii. 4 Who..Had got so excellent a Nose, That he could smell out Powder-Treason, Like a Jack-daw in Cherry-Season.
1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. iv. 57 The powder-treason..struck a panic into James I. which operated in different ways.
1821 Life & Writings Sir Edward Coke 260 The flagitious and monstrous project known by the name of the powder-treason.
2001 Canad. Jrnl. Hist. (Nexis) Aug. 229 The reverberations of the Powder Treason yet affected the court, and a hit list had been uncovered.
powder-trier n. Obsolete = powder prover n.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > production and development of arms > [noun] > manufacture of firearms and ammunition > testing > testing instruments > apparatus for testing gunpowder
powder-trier1667
eprouvette1782
powder prover1792
proof1800
provett1811
1667 Sir R. Moray in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 476 The Strength of the Powder must be examin'd by a Powder-Tryer.
1782 B. Thompson in Philos. Trans. 1781 (Royal Soc.) 71 298 All the eprouvettes, or powder-triers, in common use are defective.
1854 R. S. Surtees Handley Cross xxvii. 199 Guns, swords, game-bags, powder-tryers.

Derivatives

ˈpowderlike adj.
ΚΠ
1812 J. Sinclair Acct. Syst. Husbandry Scotl. i. 178 The land in a powder-like state.
1871 E. Colbert Chicargo & Great Conflagration 204 The fire [was] aided by the almost powder-like material..found in the planing-mills, lumber-piles, and pine buildings of that region.
1927 Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric. No. 1490. 7 The larvae of insects reduce the wood fibers of seasoned or partially seasoned wood to a powderlike condition.
1991 Quarterly (U.S.) Spring 57 The snow starts to get powderlike.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

powdern.2

Brit. /ˈpaʊdə/, U.S. /ˈpaʊdər/
Forms: 1600s pouder, 1600s–1700s (1800s– English regional (northern)) powder, 1800s– pooder (English regional (northern)).
Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: pother n.,
Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps an alteration of pother n. by association with powder n.1Perhaps compare Scots uses of powder n.1 (from the late 18th and early 19th centuries respectively) in the senses ‘energy, force, fire, brains, gumption’ and ‘force or strength behind the delivery of a stone in curling’, both apparently originating from the sense ‘gunpowder’ (see Sc. National Dict. s.v. pouther n., v.).
English regional (northern) in later use.
A hurry, a rush. Chiefly in †with a powder: in great haste; impetuously, violently, forcefully (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > violently [phrase]
of hardc1330
at (the) utterance1480
hip and thigh1560
with a vengeance1568
with a powderc1600
with a siserary1607
full fling1614
with the vengeance1693
like a thousand (also hundred) of brick(s)1836
c1600 Club Law (1907) iii. iv. 1295 Ile sett you in with a powder. [stage direct.] (hee fells him.)
?1640 New Serm. of Newest Fashion (1877) 39 If I might have my will itt should goe downe with a pouder.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine v. v. 151 Jordan..comes down with a powder, and at set times overflowes all his bankes.
1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus 515 Then in came the French, with a powder as we say, and everything was done and said a la mode de France.
1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 61 When th' heard a knocking, at the Gate Laid on in hast, with such a powder, The blows grew louder, still, and louder.
1766 E. Buys Sewel's Compl. Dict. Eng. & Dutch 603/3 Powder, to do a thing with a powder (or in great haste).
c1780 in S. Gilpin Songs & Poems (1866) 275 [Cumberland] Heame set he in a powder.
1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Pooder, hurry: Off he went in sic a pooder.
1898 B. Kirkby Lakeland Words (at cited word) He was gaan at a tremendous pooder.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

powderv.1

Brit. /ˈpaʊdə/, U.S. /ˈpaʊdər/
Forms: see powder n.1
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French pudrer , poudrer ; powder n.1
Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman pudrer, poodrer, poudrer, puldrer and Middle French, French poudrer to reduce to powder (12th cent. in Old French), to free of dust (c1210), to cover with powder, to dust with powder (13th cent.; subsequently also spec. to apply powder to (the hair) (1636)), to strew, to scatter (13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), to salt (probably late 13th cent. in Anglo-Norman), to ornament (with small devices) (15th cent. in Anglo-Norman; mid 14th cent. as past participle in heraldic use) < poudre powder n.1, and partly < powder n.1 Compare post-classical Latin poudrare, pudrare to dust or sprinkle with salt or spice (frequently from 1247 in British sources), to sprinkle or spangle, as a means of ornamentation (frequently from 1340 in British sources).In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).
I. To sprinkle or treat with powder, or something in the state of powder.
1.
a. transitive. To sprinkle powder or a powdery substance on; to sprinkle or cover with or as with some powdery substance. Also †reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle > any powder
powder?c1335
dredge1648
?c1335 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 90 Þi felle wiþ oute nis bot a sakke, Ipudrid ful wiþ drit and ding.
?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) 1865 Þou sall..ffall to þe erth, and powdre [v.r. powder] þe, And pray God haue mercy of me.
c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 5 (MED) Bot schafe þe hede at þe begynnynge & gare it blede and powdere þe scalles with sawndeuere.
1568 T. Hill Proffitable Arte Gardening (rev. ed.) i. xiii. f. 82 Which lightly couer or poulder with earthe, in that place, wher they most swarme.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 29 With dust al powdred, with filthood dustye bedagled.
1607 R. Niccols Cuckow 32 His ycie Helmet powdered with white snow Great terror and bright glory both did show.
1791 tr. Valuable Secrets Arts & Trades (new ed.) 275 Powdering over them [sc. violets]..some of the finest royal loaf sugar, in small quantities at a time.
1854 Harper's Mag. Nov. 753 The clothes must be perfumed, the linen powdered to overcome the smell of soap.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 870 It is a good plan after washing the feet to powder them..with boric acid.
1912 W. de la Mare Listeners 23 The North wind powders me with snow.
1987 L. Goldman Part of Fortune iv. 24 To support us Celia worked three hours a day powdering donuts at the factory.
2005 Contra Costa Times (Calif.) (Nexis) 9 June It [sc. a tree]..relishes powdering my car with a thick layer of pollen every spring.
b. transitive. To form a powdery covering on (a surface); (also) to form a powdery cloud in (the air).
ΚΠ
?1790 C. Dibdin Joys of Country 205 How sweet in the Dog-days to take the fresh air, Where to save you expence, the dust powders your hair.
1876 J. Greenwood Low-life Deeps 211 When first frosts powder the short-nipped grass.
1925 Port Arthur (Texas) News 5 July 13/4 All day long the penetrating Moscow dust powders the sandwiches, peppers the cakes.
1974 A. Stevenson Travelling behind Glass 2 Dust powders the air.
1987 T. C. Boyle World's End (1988) i. v. 50 Here he was..snow powdering his black cloak till he looked like an olykoek dusted with sugar.
2000 Associated Press State & Local Wire (Nexis) 26 Mar. Cables dangle from panels, and Sheetrock dust powders the walls.
2.
a. transitive. To sprinkle (food) with a powdery condiment; to season, spice. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > seasoning > season [verb (transitive)] > season with spice
powder?c1335
spice1377
bespice1593
flower1682
?c1335 (a1300) Land of Cokaygne 110 in W. Heuser Kildare-Gedichte (1904) 148 Þe leuerokes..Liȝtiþ adun to man is muþ..Pudrid wiþ gilofre and canel.
c1440 Sir Degrevant (Thornton) (1949) 1418 (MED) Sythen scho broght in haste Plouerrs powdird in paste.
c1450 in T. Austin Two 15th-cent. Cookery-bks. (1888) 81 (MED) Caste there-to pouder of ginger and peper, saffron and salt, and pouder hit faire til hit be rosted ynogh.
b. transitive. figurative. To mix with some qualifying or modifying ingredient; to ‘season’. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > condition or state of being mixed or blended > mix or blend [verb (transitive)] > add as ingredient to a mixture > qualify by admixture
tempera1000
entemperc1290
attemper1393
powdera1425
grade1889
a1425 Daily Work (Arun.) in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1895) I. 149 (MED) He mai god biseke of grace..þat here steris him in gode werkis, & with deuocion & likyngs poudirs þaim so þat þai mai be savouri til his dere lorde.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1869) I. 58 (MED) Al þis speche is poudrid wiþ gabbinge.
c1475 (?c1400) J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) III. 433 Ȝit þei poudren blasphemye in among þis apostasye.
1534 Bible (Tyndale rev. Joye) Coloss. iv. 6 Let youre speache be all wayes well favoured and be powdred with salt.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xii. sig. Pp2 Framed to him a very thankefull message, poudring it with some hope-giuing phrases.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Berks. 98 Powdering their lives with improbable passages, to the great prejudice of truth.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 105 The opiate potion of amnesty, powdered with all the ingredients of scorn. View more context for this quotation
3.
a. transitive. To sprinkle (meat, etc.) with salt or powdered spice, esp. for preserving; to salt; to corn or cure. Also intransitive. British regional (Scottish) in later use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > seasoning > season [verb (transitive)]
savourc1384
seasonc1400
condimentc1420
powder?c1425
saucea1438
pointa1450
tastea1577
palate1610
scent1655
condite1657
zest1705
kitchen1720
dress1795
flavour1830
to zing up1953
zap1979
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preserving or pickling > pickle or preserve [verb (transitive)] > preserve with salt
salta1398
powder?c1425
corn1565
muriate1699
rouse1711
kern1721
strike1780
to dress down1843
roil1848
?c1425 Recipe in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Arun. 334) (1790) 466 (MED) Pouder hom with salt al a nyght, and on the mornynge wash of the salte.
a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 6 To powder befe with in a nyȝt, Þou welle þo salt in water bryȝt; Malt hit in bryne [etc.].
1494 in J. D. Marwick Extracts Rec. Edinb. I. 67 At na flescheour tak vpoun hand to powder ony flesche to sell.
1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth xvi. sig. H.iii Olde beef..moderatly powderyd that the groose blode by salte may be exhaustyd.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Gijv Inuoluinge with cereclothe, and pouderinge with spyces the bodye.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry iii. f. 153 The tubbes that you poulder in, must be such as haue had Oyle in.
1610 S. Jourdain Discov. of Bermudas 19 Wee prepared and made our selues ready, to ship for Virginia, hauing powdred some store of hogs flesh.
a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Cornw. 194 Imploying a power of poor people, in..Powdering and Drying them [sc. pilchards].
1715 M. Prior Down-Hall 79 She roasted red veal, and she powder'd lean beef.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Purslain If you would comfit your Purslain..powder them well with Salt and Cloves..fill the Pot with good Vinegar.
1798 Monthly Mag. 2 435 To powder beef.
c1830 Mrs. Sherwood in Houlston Tracts III. No. 81. 4 My good girl,..just powder me that ham, or dish me those turnips.
1854 D. Robertson Laird of Logan (new ed.) 62 Mrs M'Millan's cook and your barber seem to be the best hands at poutherin' beef I know.
1880 Jamieson's Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. (new ed.) at Pouther To pouther butter or beef.
b. transitive. figurative. To preserve, keep, store up. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > storage > store [verb (transitive)]
again-layOE
to put upc1330
to lay up?a1366
bestow1393
to set up1421
reserve1480
powder1530
store1552
uplay1591
garnera1616
storea1616
revestry1624
reposit1630
barrel1631
magazine1643
stock1700
to salt down1849
reservoir1858
tidy1867
larder1904
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > preserve from injury or destruction [verb (transitive)] > preserve from decay, loss, or destruction
savea1325
servea1375
conservea1413
observe?1440
support1495
powder1530
reserve1555
incorrupt1890
1530 R. Whitford Werke for Housholders (new ed.) sig. Diiv Yf you powder your flesshe whyle it is newe and swete it wyl contynue good mete..Powder your chylder therfore be tyme.
1614 R. Tailor Hogge hath lost Pearle i. i. B iij If you haue powdred vp my plot in your sconce, you may home sir.
1654 T. Fuller 2 Serm. 27 All Spirituall Meat is not..for our present spending and feeding thereon, but (as good Husbands) we are to powder up some for the time to come.
1660 tr. M. Amyraut Treat. conc. Relig. iii. vi. 434 That horrible Leviathan which is powder'd up I know not where against the manifestation of the Messias.
4.
a. transitive. To apply cosmetic powder to (the skin, hair, etc.). Also with person as object, and reflexive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > apply preparations to the hair [verb (transitive)] > powder
powder1616
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > beautify (the skin or complexion) [verb (transitive)] > powder
pounce1610
puff1809
powder1870
violet-powder1876
talcum1923
talc1976
1616 B. Jonson Epicœne i. i, in Wks. I. 532 Still to bee pou'dred, still perfum'd. View more context for this quotation
1633 J. Ford Loves Sacrifice ii. sig. D2v She shall no oftner powder her haire, surfell her cheekes, cleanse her teeth.
1668–9 in Coll. Malone Soc. II. ii.177 To Tho. Marshall for trimming powdering & dressing ye Actors.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 2. ⁋2 He has his shoes rubb'd and his Perriwig powder'd at the Barber's.
1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope I. 150 Men and women..powder themselves all over with Buchu.
1756 M. Calderwood Lett. & Jrnls. (1884) 308 Her hair curled and powdered, with a little cap.
1800 M. Edgeworth Basket-woman in Parent's Assistant (ed. 3) V. 31 To wear when people are powdering their hair..that they may not spoil their other shoes.
1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood iii. 18 A red nose?..she can always powder it.
1883 Cent. Mag. 27 5 [One] who was not highly rouged and powdered.
1913 Let. in New Fun 13 Dec. One night, feeling in the right mood, I dressed myself completely in her clothes..put on my wig and powdered my face very heavily.
1953 A. Hébert House on Esplanade in Queen's Q. 60 213 When Stephanie's breakfast was finished, the maid would bathe, dress, and powder her mistress, then do her hair.
2002 Sunday Tel. (Nexis) 17 Mar. 10 The young ladies of Wigan were seen preparing for a night out, powdering their faces and bolting on their jewellery.
b. intransitive. To apply cosmetic powder to the skin, hair, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the skin or complexion > beautify the skin or complexion [verb (intransitive)] > apply powder
powder1700
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautification of the person > beautification of the hair > preparations used on the hair > apply preparations to the hair [verb (intransitive)] > powder
powder1700
powderizea1800
1700 M. Pix Beau Defeated ii. 15 Patching, Painting, Powdering like a Woman, and squeaking like an Eunuch.
1762 T. Jefferson Let. 25 Dec. in Papers (1950) I. 5 I am sure the man who powders most, parfumes most, embroiders most, and talks most nonsense, is most admired.
1806 R. Southey Let. in M. Moorman W. Wordsworth (1965) II. iii. 73 Wordsworth flourishes in London, he powders and goes to all the great routs.
1810 Splendid Follies I. 10 Edward and William were scrubbing and powdering to mount behind.
1914 S. Lewis Our Mr. Wrenn vii. 95 In her room Istra Nash inspected her nose in a mirror, powdered, and sat down to write, on thick creamy paper.
1969 R. T. Wilcox Dict. Costume (1970) 88/1 Venetian gentlemen also painted, powdered and patched.
1988 S. Bellow Theft 82 You went ahead with your life: showered and powdered with talcum in the morning.
c. transitive. euphemistic. to powder one's nose: (chiefly of a woman) to go to the toilet.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > defecation or urination > [verb (intransitive)] > of woman
to powder one's nose1921
1921 W. S. Maugham Circle i. 28 I must powder my nose, Hughie.
1930 A. Bennett Imperial Palace lvi. 417 That's the bathroom and so on... You can hang your overcoat in there—and powder your nose.
1962 Guardian 5 Dec. 6/5 Useful information..about where to park..dine, stay overnight, and—for women—powder one's nose in comfort.
1972 L. P. Davies What did I do Tomorrow? 72 I'll use your bathroom. To powder my nose, as nice girls say.
2001 M. Blake 24 Karat Schmooze xxvii. 312 Davey rose and went to powder his nose. It was cool in the men's room and he found it easier to think in there.
5. transitive. To whiten (a fabric, esp. lace) by application of a white powdered substance. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > make white [verb (transitive)]
whiteOE
emblanch1393
blank1484
whiten1552
frost1596
albify1599
frostbite?1605
hoar1605
dealbate1623
impearl1640
marble1658
bewhite1678
whiten1699
rewhiten1725
bewhiten1810
ermine1825
powder1890
1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) Lace which has grown yellow is powdered by being placed in a packet of white lead and beaten.
II. To sprinkle or scatter with something resembling powder; to sprinkle like powder.
6. transitive (with surface, etc., as object).
a. To strew with a multitude of (isolated) small objects or figures of the same kind; to ornament with scattered spots or flecks; to sprinkle or spangle with. Usually in passive.In Heraldry: to ornament with scattered small devices.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > variegation > spot of colour > spot [verb (transitive)] > speckle
powderc1380
besprenga1425
prick1530
sprinkle1551
peckle1570
speckle1570
speck1580
pepper?1605
pounce1610
freckle1613
freck1621
stipplea1774
punctuate1777
dot1784
puncture1848
bespeckle1860
prickle1888
tick1910
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > pattern [verb (transitive)] > scattered pattern
powderc1380
interseam1589
seed1604
pounce1610
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle > sprinkle (a surface) with something > with any powder
powderc1380
empowder1548
dust1591
over-dredge1594
dredge1596
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 2543 (MED) Þe mametes..y-maked ware of gold þat schon ful briȝt, y-poudred wiþ stones preciouse.
a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) 5680 (MED) The champe of the feld was goules, Thik y-poudred with smale foules.
a1475 (?a1325) Long Charter of Christ, A Text (Harl. 5396) (1914) 221 A cote-armour I bar with me..Poudret [ B y-pouderyd; v.rr. Powdered, Poudurd, Poudred] with fyue roses rede.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xv. 54 The erthe taketh a newe cote..of fyn gras, powdred with floures of a hundred thousande maners of colours.
1536 Reg. Riches Cathedral of Sarum in E. Ledwich Antiquitates Sarisburienses (1771) 198 Many copes, powdered with Lyons Ostrages Troifoils, Flower de Luces and dyvers Armes, in number sixteen.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball ii. xliv. 202 Floures..poudered or dashte with small spottes.
1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Vn Chamarre broché de pourpre, a garment poudred with purple studdes.
1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xv. 241 Nature..Who seems in that her pearle [the daisy] so greatly to delight, That euery Plaine therewith she powdreth to beholde.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 581 The Galaxie, that Milkie way Which nightly as a circling Zone thou seest Pouderd with Starrs. View more context for this quotation
1717 G. Berkeley Jrnls. Trav. Italy 21 May in Wks. (1955) VII. 276 Delicious vinyards, gardens &c powder'd with little white houses.
1766 J. Entick Surv. London in New Hist. London IV. 415 Gold shoes powdered with pearls.
1847 B. Disraeli Tancred III. v. v. 93 The daughter of Besso wore..large Mamlouk trowsers of rose-coloured silk that fell over her slippers, powdered with diamonds.
1886 Petersons Mag. Jan. 94/2 Huge square footstools are powdered with embroidered chrysanthemums.
1901 London Gaz. 4 Oct. 6477 That the robe or mantle of the Peers be of crimson velvet,..powdered with bars or rows of ermine.
1972 E. Pargeter Bloody Field by Shrewsbury vi. 161 The high cheekbones showed, powdered with red freckles.
1988 T. Woodcock & J. M. Robinson Oxf. Guide to Heraldry 205 (Gloss.) Pantheon, monster resembling a hind powdered with estoiles or mullets, usually with a bushy tail.
2005 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 27 Mar. 58 She..once lifted her skirt to reveal to colleagues that her pubic hair was powdered with gold.
b. Of dots, flecks, spots, etc.: to form a random pattern on (something). rare.
ΚΠ
1862 ‘Ouida’ Cecil Castlemaine's Gage in Bentley's Misc. Feb. 232 Daisies powdering the turf sodden with human blood.
2000 Whole Earth (Nexis) 22 Mar. 19 Stars powdered the vastness of time.
7. transitive (with things scattered as object). To sprinkle or scatter like powder; to strew here and there in a multitude of minute particles; to disperse here and there upon a surface, as a number of small figures repeated. Usually in passive. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being scattered or dispersed > scatter [verb (transitive)] > sprinkle > (as) specific substance
powderc1400
snewc1440
sinapize1653
dust1790
pepper1821
c1400 (?c1380) Pearl 44 Gilofre, gyngure, & gromylyoun, & pyonys powdered ay bytwene.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 800 (MED) Mony pynakle payntet watz poudred ay-quere among þe castel carnelez.
1483 Act 1 Rich. III c. 8 Preamble The Sellers of such course Clothes..usen for to powder and cast Flokkys of fynner Cloth upon the same.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid xii. ii. 40 Or quhar the schene lilleis in ony steid War pulderit wyth the vermel rosis reid.
a1547 Earl of Surrey Poems (1964) 19 What will she do when hory heares are powdred in her hedde.
1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1892) iv. 40 As for the Irishmen they are soe powdred among the Inhabitaunts..that in euerye village you shall find the thirde, fourth, or fift housholder an Irishman.
1744 J. Paterson Compl. Comm. Paradise Lost 374 Prodigious clusters of small stars,..poudered or cast close together, as it were dust sprinkled upon a floor.
1890 Cent. Dict. (at cited word) To powder violets on a silk ground.
1910 E. M. Forster Howards End xli. 323 While, powdered in between, were the villas of business men.
1937 R. Byron Road to Oxiana v. 243 A frieze of white suls writing powdered over a field of gentian blue.
III. To reduce or fall down to powder.
8.
a. transitive. To reduce to powder; to pulverize.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > form into grains or granules [verb (transitive)] > make into powder or dust
powdera1400
pulverize?a1425
pulverc1425
dustc1440
pulverizate1598
rub1607
pulverate1615
triturate1755
triture1773
powderize1903
a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 196 (MED) Reed cley & alyme, poudre [L. terantur] alle þese, & herwiþ frote þe place.
?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 93v (MED) Take halfe ane ounce of verdegrece & pouder it smale on a marbel stone.
c1450 Practica Phisicalia John of Burgundy in H. Schöffler Mittelengl. Medizinlit. (1919) 210 (MED) Take salt and powderytt small.
?a1500 in G. Henslow Med. Wks. 14th Cent. (1899) 48 (MED) Loke þou haue y-broke half a pound of tormeltille wel y-poudred.
?1543 Newe Herball (new ed.) sig. Giiiv Also drynke the ioyce of this herbe, or powder the sede for it is good to hele the flyx.
1588 W. Bayley Short Disc. Peppers sig. C2 The medicine will more loose the belly..if the things be finely powdered into dust.
1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke i. vii. 33 The which pouldred he prescribeth to be taken in a reale egg.
a1625 J. Fletcher Humorous Lieut. ii. iv, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) 128/1 When would he weep for me thus? I may be dead, and powder'd.
1658 tr. G. della Porta Nat. Magick iv. xxiii. 152 For every Dolium, powder one ounce of Allome.
1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 11 In the powdering such things as Jallop, Ipecacuanha, and the like.
1787 ‘P. Pindar’ Lyric Odes to Royal Academicians (ed. 5) iii. 8 The Lad who would a 'Pothecary shine, Should powder Claws of Crabs, and Jalap, fine.
1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. iv. 86 The vast enclosure of its brick walls..now almost powdered into dust.
1949 P. H. Buck Coming of Maori (1950) ii. xiii. 319 In New Zealand, red ochre, or haematite, was termed karamea and after it was burnt and powdered it became kokowai or horu.
1991 BBC Good Food (BNC) Apr. 32 Fresh coffee beans..are finely ground or powdered daily.
b. transitive. U.S. slang. To defeat utterly, wipe out, destroy.
ΚΠ
1973 L. Giovannitti Man who won Medal of Honor vii. 146 ‘Man, we powdered them,’ Sergeant Bright said.
1982 B. Downey Uncle Sam must be losing War xii. 134 We just powdered the son of a buck.
9. intransitive. To turn to powder, become pulverized.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > granular texture > become granular or form grains [verb (intransitive)] > become powder or dust
powder1526
pulverize1758
1526 Grete Herball cxlv. sig. Iiv/2 Yf the rote be dryed as it is gadred it may be kept two yeres..yf it powdre not whan it is broken.
1776 Farmer's Mag. Sept. 227 She..called out..when any of the medicine was either powdering or putting up.
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Powder, v.i.,..to become like powder; as, some salts powder easily.
1978 T. O'Brien Going after Cacciato xi. 78 The rounds hit the village in thirty-second intervals... Hoi An glowed. Trees powdered.
1993 Bookseller (BNC) 8 Jan. 15 She..assured me that it [sc. a book] contained all I would ever need to know about cooking for ever. She was right. I have used it until it has powdered.
IV. Senses relating to gunpowder.
10.
a. transitive. To blast with gunpowder. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1607 T. Dekker & J. Webster Famous Hist. Thomas Wyat sig. D4v Powder the Varlet, pistoll him.
b. transitive. To charge (a gun) with gunpowder. Cf. powdered adj. 5. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > fire (a gun) [verb (transitive)] > load or prime (a gun)
charge1541
mors1552
proine1591
prime1598
load1626
lade1633
powder1643
shot1681
reload1727
reprime1759
slug1831
cap1856
1643 Public Confider 8 Not with..powdering our guns.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

powderv.2

Brit. /ˈpaʊdə/, U.S. /ˈpaʊdər/
Forms: 1600s pouder, 1600s– powder, 1800s powdher (Irish English), 1800s– pooder (English regional (northern)).
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: powder n.2
Etymology: < powder n.2 Compare slightly earlier powdering adj.2
colloquial and British regional.
intransitive. To rush; to hurry impetuously. Also figurative and in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > rate of motion > swiftness > swift movement in specific manner > move swiftly in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > move swiftly and violently
driveeOE
fallOE
reseOE
routOE
rashOE
swip?c1225
weothec1275
startlec1300
lushc1330
swapc1386
brusha1400
spurna1400
buschc1400
frushc1400
rushc1405
rushle1553
rouse1582
hurl1609
powder1632
slash1689
stave1819
tilt1831
bulge1834
smash1835
storm1837
stream1847
ripsnort1932
slam1973
1632 F. Quarles Divine Fancies i. lxvii Zacheus climb'd the Tree: But O how fast,..(when Our Saviour called) he powder'd down agen!
c1645 I. Tullie Narr. Siege of Carlisle (1840) 33 About 800 horse..come powdering towards the Cowes so fast.
1684 T. Otway Atheist iii. 22 The Dice powd'ring out of the Box.
1694 R. L'Estrange Fables (ed. 2) 3 Down comes a kite powdering upon them in the interim, and gobbles up both together.
1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 120 The Refusal came powdering from him by Wholesale.
1809 M. Edgeworth Ennui iii, in Tales Fashionable Life I. 63 You'll take four [horses]..and you'll see how we'll powder along.
1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby xxxix. 384 I think I see 'un now, a powderin' awa' at the thin bread an' butther!
1857 G. W. Thornbury Songs of Cavaliers & Roundheads 115 And powdering fast, the men and horses Thundering swept down Frampton Hill.
1895 A. Forbes Mem. War & Peace i. 13 All Belgrade, feverish for further news, rushed out into the street as I powdered along.
1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 218/1 Powtherin' away at his work. Powdering along the road.
1990 J. McGahern Amongst Women 76 There's nothing like the lake and the open air for powdering through the lessons.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1c1300n.2c1600v.1?c1335v.21632
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