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practicn.1 Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French practik, practique; Latin practice. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman practik, practiqe and Middle French practique, praticque, pratique (French pratique ) application of principles and rules, practical work (as opposed to theory) (1256 in Old French), legal procedure (14th cent. or earlier), way of doing something (first half of the 14th cent. or earlier), scholarly (especially liberal arts) subject (second half of the 14th cent. or earlier), stratagem, cunning, ruse (c1380), practical experience (late 14th cent. or earlier), practical treatise (early 15th cent. or earlier; end of the 15th cent. or earlier denoting an (elementary) textbook in general), legal profession (15th cent. or earlier), pattern of behaviour, custom, usage (c1465), complot, ruse, intrigue (late 15th cent. or earlier; now usually in plural), familiarity with a place, fact of often visiting a particular place (1580) and its etymon post-classical Latin practice action, practice, active (as opposed to contemplative) life (5th cent. (also practica , 6th cent.); in classical Latin as a Greek word), stratagem (c1500 in a British source as practica ) < ancient Greek πρακτική practical (as opposed to theoretical) science, use as noun (short for πρακτικὴ ἐπιστήμη practical science (Plato)) of feminine singular of πρακτικός practic adj. Compare later pratique n., and also practice n., which largely superseded this word.Compare Old Occitan pratica (late 13th cent.; Occitan practica), Catalan pràctica (14th cent.; earlier as †pràtica (13th cent.)), Spanish práctica (c1340 or earlier; earlier as †prática (c1260 or earlier)), Portuguese prática (15th cent.; also as †practica (16th cent.)), Italian pratica (a1294), and also Middle Dutch practike, pratike (Dutch praktijk, practijk), German Praktik (16th cent.; also as †Practic, †Practik), which show a similar semantic range. Now chiefly Scottish. 1. the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > as opposed to words or theory α. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 43 Wise men and wel i-tauȝt in þe practike [L. arte] of gemetrie. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) i. 3578 (MED) For-dullid is myn ymagynatif To deme in practik or in speculatif. a1450 ( G. Chaucer Introd. 82 The secunde partie shal techen the worken the verrey practik of the foreseide conclusiouns. c1475 (?c1451) (Royal) (1860) ) 77 To lerne the practique of law or custom of lande, or of civile matier. a1500 in T. Wright (1861) II. 241 (MED) Hatrede and praptyk [read practyk] of fals auctorite, Al good consciencie they putten owte. 1598 R. Barret (title) The Theorike and Praktike of Moderne Warres. 1600 Abp. G. Abbot xxv. 537 Thou thoughtest it so in Theorike, but beleeuedst it not in Practike. 1632 P. Massinger ii. i. sig. E2 Hee has the theorie only, not the practick. 1675 R. Vaughan viii. 72 The..Theory..is to reduce the Gold and Silver to an equal Proportion, but when you come to the Practick, there does arise two great Difficulties [etc.]. 1700 J. Wallis in C. R. L. Fletcher (1885) I. 317 As to the practick of it; there are..consorts of music. 1798 J. O'Keefe v. i. 88 I have learnt in Ireland and Germany, by Tactic, Theoretic and Practic, that there are two ways of doing things. 1853 47 294 They ignored the practic and theoric of every sect. 1855 C. Kingsley v Amyas..cunning as a fox in all matters of tactic and practic. the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > [noun] > knowledge, study, or subject > branches or methods a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. 41 The laste science of the thre, It is Practique. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine 389 b/2 Phylosophye is deuyded in thre, in theoryque in practyque and in logyque. the world > action or operation > doing > a proceeding > [noun] > proceedings or doings the world > action or operation > advantage > expediency > expedience > [noun] > pragmatism or practicality > practical matters or a practical matter α. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) 9384 (MED) To knowe thy sylff ys bet knowyng Than..to knowen al scyences, Practykes, & experyences. 1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 1439, in (1931) I. 184 The greitest Leichis of the land..all practikis on him prouit. 1641 S. Marshall et al. (1653) §13. 56 Our Bishops challenge (if not in their Polemicks, yet in their Practicks) a Power that Timothy and Titus..never did. 1653 J. Gauden 204 The moralls and practiques of men, as well as their intellectuals, are much to be considered. 1666 in M. Wood (1950) X. 10 The skinners..[had] poynts ribbens [etc.]..being poynts and practiques of their trade peculiarlie belonging to them. 1748 S. Richardson III. lxiv. 314 This dear lady is prodigiously learned in Theories: But as to Practics, as to Experimentals, must be, as you know, from her tender years, a mere novice. 1813 Ld. Byron Jrnl. 26 Nov. in (1967) I. 222 I have no great esteem for poetical persons, particularly women; they have so much of the ‘ideal’ in practics, as well as ethics. 1889 A. Gissing II. vi. 135 Accomplished in all the practicks of tilth and tillage. 1963 K. Whitehorn in 3 Nov. 33/3 My word ‘practics’—meaning getting down to it and sorting out all the boring practical details (‘Right, we go to Italy in May. The rest is a question of practics’). the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] α. c1395 G. Chaucer 187 Telle forth youre tale..And teche vs yonge men of youre praktyke [v.rr. practike, praptik]. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 269 The oolde practik of deuoute Cristen man. c1475 tr. Henri de Mondeville (Wellcome) f. 152v (MED) The secunde is schewid in þe practike of olde worcheris & in þe practikis of tederikis. 1563 N. Winȝet (1888) I. 57 The commoun practik of our aduersaris, to mak of obscuir mirknes a commentare to the cleir licht. 1653 H. Cogan in tr. N. N. Ep. Ded. sig. A2v Particularities of the practique..in the elections of the said Cardinalls. 1672 G. Sinclair 278 (If a fault is encountered) the practique of coallery is to [etc.]. 1681 in L. B. Taylor (1961) VI. 280 That..the procedour of the magistrats should be called in questione..is..contrairie to the knowin and inviolable practique daylie observed befor the Lords of Privie Counsell. 1744 1 Feb. It appears their claim is laid upon practique. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xi, in 2nd Ser. I. 314 It's a sair thing to hae to do wi' courts of law, unless it be to improve ane's knowledge and practique, by waiting on as a hearer. †3. the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [noun] > skill acquired by experience α. c1425 J. Lydgate (Augustus A.iv) ii. 4592 Ȝet had he gret practik In armys eke. c1570 Art of Music (BL Add. 4911) f. 68, in at Practik For instruction of young men and studentis desyrand to haw practik of setting of sangis. c1600 W. Fowler tr. N. Machiavelli Prince in (1936) II. 108 The practique and intelligence of a contrie bringeth a knawledge with it of the situatioun of an other. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > knowledge, what is known > familiarity > [noun] > with a subject, skill 1592 H. Wotton Let. 8 May in (1685) 663 A certain Florentine, of great prattick with Strangers. 1624 Sir T. Roe in S. R. Gardiner (1871) 206 One that hath experience and practicque with all nations. a1734 R. North (1740) ii. iv. §140. 306 How could any one, of English Education and Prattique, swallow such a low Rabble Suggestion? the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] α. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) i. 3308 (MED) Ful sore he gan to muse, And for to knowe and be put in certeyn, Thouhte he wolde sum maner practik vse. 1483 in J. Gairdner (1861) I. 19 [Edward IV] willed that my lord Dynham shuld assaie some practik therin and fele the mynde of the said lord Cordes. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Trial of Fox l. 1083 in (1981) 45 His deith be practik may be preuit eith. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil xi. x. (heading) Heyr Turnus and Camylla gan devys Practikis of weir, the Troianis to supprys. c1550 (1979) xi. 74 He vsit the samen practik contrar irland and valis. 1597 App. 86 Quhairof the stuff wes nocht sufficient but of groff woll [etc.]..and wtheris practikis and ingynes vsit. ?a1600 ( R. Sempill Legend Bischop St. Androis in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. xlv. 363 Medeas practicques scho had plane, That could mak auld men young agane. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [noun] > citing as precedent > a precedent α. 1532 in I. H. Shearer (1951) 80 [A great part of the Lords admitted the..reason, and the others delivered not simpliciter but only conditionally on its being the] praktik. a1578 R. Lindsay (1899) I. 64 The lawis and pratick of this realme. 1592 Digest Decisions Justiciary Court in P. 23 at Practik The said dittay..contenis na ground nor fundament of law nor prattick to infer the cryme of thift. a1767 W. Macfarlane (1900) II. 401 There was A Pratick Concerning my Lord Oliphant in Anno 1633 Alledged on. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). practicadj.n.2 Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French practic; Latin practicus. Etymology: < Middle French practic, practique, pratique (French pratique , †practique ) (of knowledge, sciences) concerned with action, practical (as opposed to theoretical or speculative) (c1370), (of a person) experienced, well-versed, skilled (end of the 15th cent. or earlier) and its etymon classical Latin or post-classical Latin practicus effective (in an undated inscription), concerned with action, practical (4th cent.) < ancient Greek πρακτικός concerned with action, practical, active, effective < πρακτός to be done or acted on ( < the stem of πράττειν to do, act ( < an extended form of the Indo-European base of πέρα beyond: see far adv.) + -τός , suffix forming verbal adjectives) + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare practical adj. and earlier practic n.1Compare Catalan pràctic (14th cent.), Spanish práctico (late 14th cent. or earlier as †pratico ), Portuguese prático (15th cent.), Italian pratico (beginning of the 14th cent.). With sense A. 3 compare earlier practic n.1 4, practical adj. II., practise v. 9, practisant n., practising adj. 1. In quot. 1585 at sense A. 3, apparently arising from a mistranslation or misreading of Middle French piratique piratic adj. (the English word is first attested later). With the use as noun compare post-classical Latin practicus practitioner (from 12th cent. in British sources, especially practitioner of medicine), practitioner of law (a1540), practitioner of music, musician (a1536). Now archaic and rare. A. adj.the world > action or operation > doing > [adjective] > active as opposed to contemplative the world > action or operation > doing > [adjective] > as opposed to theoretical a1425 J. Wyclif (1869) I. 241 Þis cunnyng was not speculatif..but practik, put in dede, how men shulde lyve by Goddis lawe. c1454 R. Pecock 48 (MED) If it be doable or makable, þanne þe knowyng þerof is to be clepid ‘practik science’ or ‘practik opynyoun’. 1551 R. Record i. (heading) The practike workinge of sondry conclusions Geometrical. 1584 R. Scot xv. ii. 387 He perfectlie teacheth practike philosophie. 1598 R. Barret vi. 182 The practike rules whereof I haue..at large set downe. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 52 The Art and Practique part of Life, Must be the Mistresse to this Theorique. View more context for this quotation 1621 R. Burton ii. ii. iv. 352 What more pleasing studies can there be then the Mathematickes, Theorick or Practick [1651 Pratick] part. 1639 J. Woodall (rev. ed.) Pref. sig. B2v Performing the art of healing in a practick way, namely, by the hand. 1677 W. Cave 91 The Practic part of them [sc. the Essenes]..did yet reside in Cities. 1687 i. 375 The Practick Minds may in State Matters dive, In hidden Knowledge the Contemplative. 1715 T. Hearne (1901) V. 103 Famous for his Knowledge in the Theory of Musick; in the practick part of which Faculty he was likewise very considerable. 1732 G. Berkeley I. v. iv. 273 All Things of a practic Nature. 1798 W. Taylor in 212 The practic Essenes were mostly occupied in keeping sheep. 1804 W. Taylor in 3rd Ser. 3 526 These were daily instructed for some hours both in the theoric and practic parts of the Pythagorean philosophy. 1813 G. Colman 48 Witlings, who in practick waggery deal. 1833 H. Coleridge I. 121 Spurning the dictates of a practic creed. 1839 J. A. Hillhouse II. 42 The men..whose practic mind Left Locke and Plato far behind. a1849 H. Coleridge (1851) I. 135 Its benign and sublimating influences are conveyed to the lower orb of practic works and secular relations. 1929 R. Bridges iv. 166 All problems, spiritual or logical aesthetic mathematic or practic. the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > skilled or experienced a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil (1957) i. Prol. 290 To follow a fixt sentens or mater Is mair practike [Small -ik] deficill and far strater..Than forto write all ways at liberte. 1596 E. Spenser iv. iii. sig. C4 Right practicke was Sir Priamond in fight, And throughly skild in vse of shield and speare. View more context for this quotation 1611 J. Speed ix. xx. 743/1 This Ambassador was a practicke man of much experience. 1639 N. N. tr. J. Du Bosc i. 14 These Pamphlets, after they have made many women bold, it makes them practick in it, they finde out subtilties, with safty in them. a1658 J. Durham (1668) vii. 417 It's no lesse practick (to say so) or it is no lesse difficult in believers walk, to reserve what store they haue gathered for Christ's use alone. 1923 C. M. Doughty (rev. ed.) vi. 230 Some of those, whose faculty it is; To know by proof the virtues of all saps, Of herbs and roots; and with deft practic touch; Distinguish from the whole, each unsound part. the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [adjective] 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay i. viii. 8 [The corsairs] with their practick art [Fr. art piratique] bryng dayly too Alger a number of pore Christians, which they sell vnto the Moores. 1590 E. Spenser ii. iii. sig. O8 Wylie witted, and growne old In cunning sleightes and practick knauery. 1616 R. Anton 40 Neuer more cholericke constitutions knowne So practick in reuenge, as now are showne. the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [adjective] > that is so in essence or virtual 1604 R. Cawdrey Practique, practising. a1631 J. Donne (1957) III. 87 It shall do him no good, to say..that he was no speculative Atheist..if hee lived a practique Atheist. 1642 D. Rogers 348 Practicke Atheists, who are led by sense as brute beasts. †B. n.2the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > one who acts or does > as opposed to theoretical 1599 S. Daniel cxxxvii I grant that some vnlettered practique may..with impious cunning sway The courses fore-begun with like effect. 1625 T. Godwin i. xii. 62 Of these Essenes there were two sorts, some Theorikes..; others Practicks, laborious and painfull in the daily exercise of those handy-crafts in which they were most skilfull. 1633 T. Adams (iii. 3) 1130 They are meere Skeptickes, because they would not be practickes. 1650 C. Elderfield 20 Two sorts of them there were; the students, and the practiques. 1666 R. Sharrock Let. 2 Oct. in R. Boyle (2001) III. 243 Some Experiments in Cookery & other Domestick affairs which I have received from the best practicks. 1775 W. Hutchinson ii. 31 The Practicks had every day their dinner and supper allowed them; the Theoricks only their supper. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † practicv.Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French practiquer, pratiquer. Etymology: < Middle French practiquer, pratiquer (French pratiquer ): see practise v., and compare the foreign-language parallels cited at that entry. Compare also post-classical Latin practicare (see practicate adj.). Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete. the world > action or operation > carrying out > execute, perform, or carry out [verb (transitive)] the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] ?a1425 [implied in: tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 72 Bot for þat short wordes sufficeþ not in practikingz [L. in practicis], in comentyng þe recapitulacioun of G., I shal do 2 þingez. (at practicking n. 1)]. c1475 tr. A. Chartier (Univ. Coll. Oxf.) (1974) 243 (MED) The moost excellent doctrine of Aristotle practiked by wey of deede made alle thinges subgite and surmountable to the knyghtly prouesse of Alexander. c1485 ( G. Hay (2005) 194 The princis mon pratik the granting of mark to ger resoun be done. a1530 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Royal) vi. 1848 In Scotland nere the lyk cas Be Makbeth-Fynlayk practykyd [a1500 Nero pertrackyt] was. 1533 J. Gau tr. C. Pedersen 62 Peter practik [it] his keyis in the secund chaiptur of the dedis of the apostlis, be preching of ye law he brocht the pepil to knawelege of thair sine. c1588 in T. G. Law (1901) 253 To receaue the bodie and bluid of Chryst, as some tyme was prattiked in the kirkis of Scotland. a1617 J. Melville (1827) 14 Quhilk moued the King of France to pratek a paice with King Edward the sext of England. the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > be skilled or versed in [verb (transitive)] > be experienced in the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > accustom (a person) > adapt to circumstances > familiarize a person with a thing > render (a person) familiarized or experienced c1550 (1979) Prol. 12 Them that vas neuyr pretykkit in the veyris. a1578 R. Lindsay (1899) I. 160 Quhan ony ciwill insurrectioun wes in the cuntrie and specialie lesmaiestie aganis the kingis own persone quhairin he was well practicked. 1594 (a1555) D. Lindsay Hist. Squyer Meldrum l. 237, in (1931) I. 152 Weill practikit with Speir and Scheild. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece (1858) 48057 Ane king so prattikit into weir. 1561 R. Maitland Let. to Cecil 15 Aug. in (1910) VI. 56 Thinking yt the Quenes majesty will by some meanes practique the subiectes off this Realme she [Mary] hath written to divers..to continue thintelligence. a1617 J. Melville (1827) 18 Bot the Duc Maurice knew weill anough how that themperour had pratikit tua of his secretaires and consellours. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1a1387 adj.n.2a1425 v.?a1425 |
