单词 | practical |
释义 | practicaladj.n. A. adj. I. Having to do with action. 1. a. Of, relating to practice or action, as opposed to speculation or theory. Frequently designating that area of a particular subject or discipline in which ideas or theories are tested or applied in practice. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [adjective] > as opposed to theoretical practica1425 practical?a1425 practive1526 pragmatical1597 active1605 operary1612 operarious1656 practitional1724 unbookish1887 practico-1913 applicational1917 hands-on1960 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 3v Þis crafte [surgery] is practicale [?a1425 Paris of practique; a1450 Caius practical; L. practicalis] & operatiue. 1563 tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. xv. f.55v Sometyme they saye it [sc. understanding] is practicall [L. practicum], whiche by conceyuyng of good or euill doeth diuersely moue the Will. 1597 T. Morley (title) A plaine and easie introduction to practicall mvsicke. 1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 211 Of Arts some contemplatiue, some practicall. 1657 tr. A. Thevet Prosopographia 19 in T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (new ed.) The rest of Aristotles books must be referred to his Philosophy, which he divided into two parts, namely, speculative and practical. 1682 J. Flavell Pract. Treat. Fear (new ed.) ii. 18 Hypocrisie is a lie done, a practical lie. 1714 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements (rev. ed.) Pref. Some principal Rules of practical Geometry, reducing them to their original Fountains. 1769 R. Weston (title) Tracts on practical agriculture and gardening. 1796 E. Burke Lett. Peace Regic. France iv, in Wks. (1812) IX. 78 A Constitution, that at the time of the writing had not so much as a practical existence. 1813 R. Owen New View of Society 34 A remedy..possessing no more practical difficulties than many of the common employments of life. 1849 W. Thomson Outl. Laws of Thought (ed. 2) 95 Method, which is usually described as the fourth part of Logic, is rather a complete practical Logic. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator iii. 202/2 The whole system..shows..the practical application of technical education. 1936 Discovery Mar. 66/2 The British Union of Practical Psychologists have produced..the first number of their new monthly journal, the Practical Psychology Magazine. 1960 J. F. Lehmann I am my Brother ii. i. 28 The practical problem remained of defending liberty in whatever way was still open to us. 2003 Publishers Weekly (Nexis) 11 Aug. 186 A lighthearted approach to practical magic with spells on how to get the most out of life. b. Available or applicable in practice; suitable for a particular purpose; functional; (of an idea, plan, or method) likely to succeed or be effective in real circumstances; feasible. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > [adjective] > practically useful practical1642 economic1839 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell (title page) Shewing by what cours..one may arrive to the practicall knowledge of the Languages. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1673 (1955) IV. 5 Time, & experience, may forme him to a more practical way, than..university lectures, & erudition. 1701 J. Jones (title) Practical phonography: or, the new art of rightly spelling..by the sound. 1770 P. Luckombe Conc. Hist. Printing 323 He should..see the joyner set and fasten it in a steady and practical position. 1792 T. Paine Rights of Man: Pt. Second iii. 32 An assemblage of practical knowledge, which no one individual can possess. 1817 R. Owen New View of Society (new ed.) 94 Can it..be a crime to pursue the only practical means which a rational being can adopt to diminish the misery of man? 1858 W. Greener Gunnery in 1858 Pref. 7 I make no pretension to literary style, but have aimed to produce a practical work for practical men. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xvii. 286 The barrenness of practical things. 1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 291/2 A woman's cycling dress should be, in the first place, practical—that is, composed of materials which do not suffer from rain or dust and will stand a certain amount of hard wear. 1908 E. M. Forster Room with View ix. 165 A certain scheme, from which hitherto he had shrank, now appeared practical. 1956 I. Murdoch Flight from Enchanter i. 10 In her imagination Annette had always reached her objective by a flying leap from the High Table; but she could see now that this was not a very practical idea. 2001 Muzik Jan. 7/3 I always preferred DMs—much more practical for the muddy fields at Glastonbury. c. Designating certain units (the ampere, volt, ohm, watt, coulomb, and farad) used for practical electrical measurements, as contrasted with the absolute units of the cgs system. They are now part of the International System of Units, and are less frequently designated by this name. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > [adjective] > relating to measurement > practical, not absolute practical1873 1873 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism II. iv. x. 244 The practical unit of electromotive force is called the Volt. 1882 Nature 24 Aug. 391/2 Instead of expressing electrical quantities directly in absolute measure, the [International Electrical] Congress has embodied a consistent system, based on the Ohm, in which the units are of a value convenient for practical measurements. In this, which we must hereafter know as the ‘practical system’, as distinguished from the ‘absolute system’, the units are named after leading physicists. 1904 Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engineers 34 172 He suggested that the prefix ab or abs should be used with the names of the practical units (Volt, Ampere, Ohm, etc.) to form names for the corresponding C.G.S. electromagnetic units. 1932 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 7th Ser. 14 292 The international system of [electrical] units differs but little from the practical system, and the two may be taken as identical for the present purpose. 1963 H. G. Jerrard & D. B. McNeill Dict. Sci. Units 13 The inconvenience of having three systems of electrical units, ab units, stat units and practical units has been overcome by the introduction of the metre, kilogramme, second, ampere units (M.K.S.). In this system, the practical units have the same value as the theoretical ones. 1995 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 448 201 This suggests that in a gravitational theory without other physical interactions the particles must be of mass (3.1), which in ordinary practical units is about 10−5 g. d. Theatre and Film. Of props or scenery: operable, functional, real, as opposed to purely decorative or sham. Cf. practicable adj. 2b. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [adjective] > relating to scenery > type of scenery practicable1837 practical1894 constructional1924 1894 G. A. Sala Things I have Seen II. xiii. 121 The scene wound up with a great concert of ‘practical’ cats [sc. actors dressed as cats] on the roof, whose diabolical moll-rowings still ring in my ears. 1929 H. Carter New Spirit in Russ. Theatre, 1917–28 vi. 77 Meierhold took the windmill in which the Cuckold lived in the French version of the play, and broke it up into a skeleton structure consisting of gangways, ladders, bars, swinging doors, gates, revolving wheels and other practical and symbolical parts. 1933 P. Godfrey Back-stage iv. 47 His [sc. the stage-carpenter's] doors and windows never open unless he has been told to make them ‘practical’. 1950 W. J. Friederich & J. H. Frazer Scenery Amateur Stage Gloss. 249 Practical, usable, according to all the functions which the object's appearance leads one to expect. Thus a window which actually opens is a practical window. 1972 A. Bennett Getting On Props. list 66 Television set, practical, connected to videotape machine off stage. 2003 Guardian (Nexis) 3 May (Guide Suppl.) 39 The simplicity lies in using the clutter of everyday life—brooms and boots, bins and bags—as both practical props and inspiration for dance routines and percussive inventions. 2. a. Actually engaged in the practice of some occupation; practising, working. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [adjective] practical1762 1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Practicall, practising. 1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. i. iii. 22 Experience has led the practical farmers into the opinion, that these things are the food of plants. 1788 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 546 Of all this, the practical iron men are much better judges than we theorists. 1798 in Trans. Soc. Promotion Useful Information (1801) 257 Any discovery which may tend to secure a crop of this valuable grain from the accidents and ravages, to which, in its infant state, it is peculiarly liable, must be highly interesting to practical farmers, and pleasing to this society. 1827 Westm. Rev. 7 294 Had Mongolfier not been a practical man as well as a philosopher. 1866 Rural Amer. (Utica, N.Y.) 1 Aug. 230/3 Mr. Cavanach, who is a practical horticulturist and pomologist..thinks the Russell's Prolific and Green's Seedling are..equal..to any other variety. 1916 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 2 July 2/3 Mr. McDonald, who is a practical miner, is certain of election. 1977 Ann. Internal Med. 86 242/1 What is considered sarcoidosis by practical physicians might better be termed noncaseating granulomatous disease. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [adjective] busylOE sisela1400 importune1449 busied1576 resiant1583 pragmatical1590 doing1591 negotiated1604 practical1617 affairé1802 operative1816 occupied1897 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary i. 289 They are most practicall in all kinds of businesse. 1641 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. (1642) 9 There is..scarce any of them, who is not practicall in their owne great cause in hand. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. viii. 19 A man so buried in the speculations of School-Divinity, that it unactiv'd him to be practical in persecution. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > [adjective] > skilled or experienced oldOE well-usedc1300 experientc1420 way-wisea1460 pertly1466 practica1522 perite1530 well-practised1539 well-experienced1541 practised1548 experienced1576 veteran1624 practical1632 well-seasoned1640 seasoneda1643 callent1656 versant1766 used1786 salted1864 roteda1901 shell-backed1930 1632 Statutes St. Benedict iii. iii. 16 The Abbesse may not lett any possessions of the Monastery, without the consent of the Conuent, whom shee must in forme how much they yeald yearely, and what the opinion of those that are most practicall in such affayres is here in. 1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 108 A Traveller..that hath given us good Discourse, and he speaks as though he were practical in things. 3. Of a person: inclined to or concerned with action as opposed to speculation; having knowledge or skills derived from practice rather than theory; (hence) sensible, realistic, and capable in dealing with situations. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [adjective] > inclined to action practical1605 the world > action or operation > doing > [adjective] > of demonstration practical1605 the world > action or operation > doing > [adjective] > as opposed to theoretical > knowledgeable or skilled in practical application mechanical1570 practical1605 the world > action or operation > advantage > expediency > expedience > [adjective] > pragmatic or practical practical1605 untheoretic1809 rough and ready1849 no-nonsense1853 pragmatic1853 untranscendental1865 hard-boiled1884 pragmatical1896 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning 65 Remote and superficiall Generalities, doe but offer Knowledge, to scorne of practicall men. View more context for this quotation 1621 S. Ward Life of Faith iv. 18 There wants a practicall Luther which should deale by Faith as Socrates by Phylosophie, who brought it out of the Skies and Bookes into Cities and Houses. 1667 M. Locke in C. Simpson Compendium A v b We poor Practical men, who doe, because we doe (as they are pleas'd to censure us). 1728 J. Gay Beggar's Opera ii. i. 19 Where shall we find such another Set of practical Philosophers, who to a Man are above the Fear of Death? 1789 T. Jefferson Let. 6 Sept. in Papers (1958) XV. 396 To prove to every practical man that a law of limited duration is much more manageable than one which needs a repeal. 1844 A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold I. iv. 187 He remained eminently practical to the end of his life. 1845 B. Disraeli Sybil I. i. iii. 47 The English..being a practical people, it is possible that they might have achieved their object and yet retained their native princes. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. Introd. 76 The practical man, who relies on his own experience. 1930 J. Buchan Castle Gay iv. 69 The practical Dougal had his mind on business. 1956 R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond x. 104/5 She thinks she is practical, a woman of business, but no, she is a woman of dreams. 1987 J. Diski Rainforest ii. 26 She left that to the philosophers and went about her work as a practical scientist. 2005 D. Nicholls Understudy 137 Romance embarrassed her, and Owen was just being practical. 4. That is such in practice or conduct (as distinguished from belief or theory); that is such in effect, though not nominally or professedly so; so nearly the case that it can be regarded as so; virtual. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [adjective] > that is so in essence or virtual virtualc1443 practic1604 practical1642 practicous1683 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. vii. 387 In a word, if he was not a practicall Atheist, I know not who was. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 131 For men..to labour to extirpate..the Beard..is a practical blasphemy. 1720 D. Waterland 8 Serm. Divinity of Christ Pref. 36 They do by..Implication, tho' not in Intention, make two supreme Gods; and consequently are practical Ditheists. 1796 J. Malham (title) A word for the Bible: being a serious reply to the declarations and assertions of the speculative deists and practical atheists of modern times. 1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. vii. 268 To suspend a law, is, in that instance, to exercise a practical veto against its being law. 1882 E. A. Freeman Lect. Amer. Audiences ii. v. 390 The great advantage of our practical republic over your avowed republic. 1931 V. A. Demant This Unemployment i. 15 The atmosphere of acquiescence..is the most fruitful breeding-ground of practical atheism. 1990 G. Vidal View from Diner's Club (1993) 99 If you had no recollection of any previous incarnations, what was the point? For all practical purposes the first carnation was extinct when it died. 5. That practises art or craft; crafty, scheming, artful. Cf. practic adj. 3, practice n. 5, 8. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [adjective] > in contrivance or machination politic1543 practical1563 fetching1570 driftyc1571 Machiavellian1572 stratagematical1583 stratagemical1585 stratagematic1589 drifting1596 enterprising1602 Machiavelline1602 practitional1602 engineering1631 polititious1638 Machiavellic1645 designing1661 intriguing1790 manoeuvring1801 systematizing1827 scheming1838 1563 J. Foxe Actes & Monuments 1332/2 Not only perceiuing theyr practicall proceadynges, but also muche greued wt their troublesome vnquietnes. B. n. 1. With the. That which is practical; the practical aspects of a topic, study, discipline, etc. ΚΠ a1500 ( G. Ripley Compend of Alchemy (Ashm.) l. 1783 (MED) Yff yu conseyue the theorycall & praktycall by fygurs &..be scrypturs pleyne..yu cannot werke in veyne. 1680 tr. P. Nicole Moral Ess. i. ii. 75 To establish..never to follow in the practical any of those opinions favourable to the inclination of Nature, and which are condemned by able men. 1844 N. Hawthorne Artist of Beautiful in U.S. Mag. & Democratic Rev. June 608/1 Ideas which grow up within the imagination, and appear so lovely to it..are exposed to be shattered and annihilated by contact with the Practical. 1865 H. James in N. Amer. Rev. July 209 Criticism has no concern with the practical. 1877 W. Sparrow Serm. xix. 254 When..we are compelled..to make a choice between the speculative and the practical we should give preference to the latter. 1948 R. W. Chapman Lexicogr. 15 Sir James Murray added to his linguistic acumen and his tireless industry..a Scotsman's hard, keen sense of the practical. 1981 Dict. National Biogr. 1961–70 193/1 He had to an extraordinary degree the ability to reconcile the ideal with the practical. 1993 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 25 Jan. (Business Outlook Suppl.) 30/1 The wonders of modern electronics sometimes straddle the line between the practical and the wacky. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > a habit or practice > collectively gearsc1200 ways1628 practicals1640 the world > action or operation > advantage > expediency > expedience > [noun] > pragmatism or practicality > practical matters or a practical matter practicals1640 practic1748 practicalities1839 pragmatics1937 1640 O. Sedgwick Christs Counsell 258 In speculatives be wise to sobriety, in practicals be as good as thou canst. 1649 F. Roberts Clavis Bibliorum (ed. 2) Introd. to Rdr. ii. 31 How in Practicals, They Direct in wel-doing. 1653 G. Ashwell Fides Apostolica 20 Credenda, as opposed to the Agenda, or Practicalls of Christianity. 1714 G. Meldrum Danger of Popery Discovered 34 These of the Romish Popish Church..have..corrupted the very Morals and Practicals of Religion. 1766 Christian's Mag. Apr. 201 As to eligibility of practicals; what is to be done, or not done. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > [noun] > a trick, deception wrenchc888 swikec893 braida1000 craftOE wile1154 crookc1175 trokingc1175 guile?c1225 hocket1276 blink1303 errorc1320 guileryc1330 sleightc1340 knackc1369 deceitc1380 japec1380 gaudc1386 syllogism1387 mazec1390 mowa1393 train?a1400 trantc1400 abusionc1405 creekc1405 trickc1412 trayc1430 lirtc1440 quaint?a1450 touch1481 pawka1522 false point?1528 practice1533 crink1534 flim-flamc1538 bobc1540 fetcha1547 abuse1551 block1553 wrinklec1555 far-fetch?a1562 blirre1570 slampant1577 ruse1581 forgery1582 crank1588 plait1589 crossbite1591 cozenage1592 lock1598 quiblin1605 foist1607 junt1608 firk1611 overreach?1615 fob1622 ludification1623 knick-knacka1625 flam1632 dodge1638 gimcrack1639 fourbe1654 juggle1664 strategy1672 jilt1683 disingenuity1691 fun1699 jugglementa1708 spring1753 shavie1767 rig?1775 deception1794 Yorkshire bite1795 fakement1811 fake1829 practical1833 deceptivity1843 tread-behind1844 fly1861 schlenter1864 Sinonism1864 racket1869 have1885 ficelle1890 wheeze1903 fast one1912 roughie1914 spun-yarn trick1916 fastie1931 phoney baloney1933 fake-out1955 okey-doke1964 mind-fuck1971 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log xxiii, in Blackwood's Mag. Aug. 156/2 Give over your practicals, Lucifer. c. An examination or lesson in which theories and procedures learned are applied to the actual making or doing of something. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > practical lesson practicum1874 practical1934 society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > practical examination practical1934 1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Practical, an examination involving practice. 1955 School Sci. Rev. Nov. 38 Of over 300 who passed the theory, only 7 failed the practical. 1961 Times 6 Nov. 14/2 Lieutenant Babington, straight out from England to take over a platoon..seems to have failed his practicals where discipline is concerned. 1979 F. Olbrich Sweet & Deadly xi. 125 He would get through this damned exam if it was the last thing he did... There would still be the practicals, of course. 1990 A. Beevor Inside Brit. Army xxv. 307 They do their ‘practicals’ on improvised explosive devices, the Army's term for terrorist bombs. d. Theatre and Film. Props or scenery which are actually functional and not merely representations. Cf. A. 1d. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > the theatre or the stage > a theatre > theatrical equipment or accessories > [noun] > props > types of stock-gold1713 profile stage property1854 slapstick1896 custard pie1915 practical1952 tickling stick1969 1952 W. Granville Dict. Theatr. Terms 140 Practical, anything that works on the stage. Door handles that turn; windows that open; light switches that are connected with the main switchboard and can be turned on by the artiste..anything not purely ornamental in a stage setting. 1960 O. Skilbeck ABC of Film & TV Working Terms 108 Re-vamp, to use an existing set for further shooting by altering it and adapting its practicals for another sequence. 2005 Entertainment Design (Nexis) 1 Aug. 12 Many of the practicals used on the set, for car and airplane headlights, and for a star curtain, used white, high-temperature LEDs that could be dimmed. 3. In plural. Practical people; people concerned with practice or doing practical things. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > one who acts or does > as opposed to theoretical > collectively practicals1840 1737 M. Green Spleen 19 That tribe, whose practicals decree, Small-beer the deadliest heresy. 1836 J. S. Mill in London & Westm. Rev. Oct. 15 The practicals would endeavour to determine this question by a direct induction. 1840 J. S. Mill Diss. & Disc. (1859) I. 44 The Practicals never heard of it; or if they had they disdained it as visionary theory. 1942 Frederick (Maryland) Post 16 Nov. 5/6 (advt.) Wanted..practicals. Undergraduates..Plenty work. 1990 R. C. Tucker Stalin in Power xxi. 588 The Terror had wrought such havoc in the economy that..the Magnitogorsk works..had to rely on 364 mere ‘practicals’ (workers without special training) to take the places of the qualified people it lacked. Compounds C1. Parasynthetic. practical-headed adj. ΚΠ 1876 Galaxy June 740/1 He is a fairly shrewd, practical-headed young fellow. 1942 Jrnl. Hist. Ideas 3 306 The shrewd observations of this practical-headed man, anticipating Bentham's by two centuries..complete the circuit of ideological developments in the Western European concept of usury. 2003 Jrnl. Scholarly Publishing 34 191 McKenzie notes the structuralist bar that seems to separate the practical-headed Anglo-American school of analytical bibliographers from their more reflective and..‘theoretical’ colleagues across the Channel. practical-minded adj. ΚΠ 1840 C. F. Hoffman Greyslaer II. iii. ii. 111 The stern realities of life which he had beheld..had long since changed Max Greyslaer from a dreaming student into a practical-minded, energetic man. 1906 Daily Chron. 14 Apr. 4/6 The practical-minded makers of modern Egypt. 2001 Mod. Philol. 99 14 Even the practical-minded Lady MacBeth recognizes her husband's problem as one of thought, not action. C2. practical activity n. social practice, esp. as the medium through which theory is realized and becomes actual. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > realizing theory practical activity1913 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > pragmatism > [noun] > praxeology > elements of practical activity1913 pragmatization1948 praxis1953 1913 D. Ainslie tr. B. Croce Philos. of Pract. ii. i. 173 (heading) The practical activity [It. attività pratica] in its dialectic. 1963 T. B. Bottomore tr. K. Marx Early Writings 52 The criticism of the speculative philosophy of right does not remain within its own sphere, but leads on to tasks which can only be solved by means of practical activity [Ger. Praxis]. 2002 Oxf. Rev. Educ. 28 314 The cultural historical legacy of the production of tools/artefacts through practical activity in turn leads to the transformation of practice through the subsequent use of those tools. practical attitude n. an attitude that is concerned with material facts and actual events. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > pragmatism > [noun] > elements of practice?a1425 practical attitude1853 1853 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) 11 42 On the points of the co-working of God and the sinner in the matter of faith, and of the practical attitude which the sinner must take, as dependent yet striving, Mr. Clarke is orthodox and even highly Calvinistic. 1902 W. James Varieties Relig. Experience xi. 261 Our moral and practical attitude, at any given time, is always a resultant of two sets of forces within us. 2005 Toronto Star (Nexis) 5 June n17 There is more to a rural lifestyle than pristine meadows and babbling brooks; there is a practical attitude in country design and decoration. practical-based adj. designating training, esp. in a scientific or technical discipline, based on lessons in which theories and procedures learned are applied to the actual making or doing of something. ΚΠ 1984 J. J. McGee et al. Internat. Handbk. Community Services for Mentally Retarded 153 In these models there is considerable need for a ‘practical’ based training. 1997 New Scientist 19 Apr. 94/2 (advt.) Theoretical and practical based tuition covers a wide range of topics fundamental to toxicology: cell and tissue biology..teratogenesis. practical criticism n. an analytical approach to literary criticism first developed by I. A. Richards, in which literary texts are viewed as autonomous and, isolated from any literary, historical, or biographical context, subjected to close reading (cf. New Criticism n.); (also more generally) close reading of literary texts. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > types of literary criticism criticism1625 critical theory1799 literary theory1807 autocriticism1820 pseudo-criticism1851 Formgeschichte1923 form-criticism1928 form-history1928 practical criticism1929 New Criticism1941 contextualism1955 patternism1956 objectivism1961 narratology1971 new historicism1972 deconstruction1973 post-structuralism1975 deconstructionism1980 theory1982 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Literaria II. xv. 13 In the application of these principles to purposes of practical criticism as employed in the appraisal of works more or less imperfect, I have endeavoured to discover what the qualities of a poem are.] 1929 I. A. Richards (title) Practical criticism: a study of literary judgment. 1959 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Apr. 241/3 It is not merely criticism; it is ‘practical criticism’ of a high order and of a kind which is too rarely found in France. 1997 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 26 June 32/3 His work was distinguished by the close reading of texts or selected passages, in a manner that was partly influenced by the ‘practical criticism’ of I. A. Richards. practical joke n. a trick, prank, or hoax played upon someone in order to make that person look foolish and amuse others. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > deceit, deception, trickery > cheating, fraud > trickery, playing jokes > [noun] > a trick, prank, hoax pratOE mowa1393 pageant?c1430 jimp?1572 prank1576 jest1578 jig1592 frump1593 trick1605 bilk1664 fun1699 plisky1706 humbug1750 hum1751 practical joke1751 marlock1763 quiz1795 practical joke1804 skite1804 hoax1808 skit1815 wrinkle1817 rusty1835 funny business1838 string1851 stringer1851 cod1862 mank1865 spoof1889 leg-pull1893 rannygazoo1896 shenanigan1926 gotcha1967 to throw a fastball1968 wind-up1984 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. ii. 13 Mr. Hatchway's wit display'd itself in several practical jokes upon the commodore, with whom, he knew, it was dangerous to tamper in any other way. 1826 Lancet 22 July 525/2 A very sensible custom prevails in this hospital, compelling every young gentleman..to undergo the penalty of every variety of the ‘practical joke;’ such as stealing his hat..and of being pasquinaded in all manner of ways. 1940 Amer. Boy Feb. 10/2 Just keep an eye on that Paddy Fallon, Maggie, and if he starts any of his practical jokes, tip me. 2003 Observer 23 Nov. (Mag.) 80/4 It could have been a practical joke. I rather hope not, practical jokes being to humour what line dancing is to the Olympics. practical nurse n. (a) a nurse experienced in the practicalities of nursing; (b) North American a nurse who has no academic qualification, and so cannot be registered, but has been trained in nursing practice and may be licensed. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > healer > nurse > [noun] > registered nurse > non-registered practical nurse1871 1871 (title) School epidemics, especially scarlet fever. By a practical nurse. 1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 1 Oct. 16/2 (advt.) Situations Wanted—Female..experienced practical nurse, terms moderate. 1956 K. Hulme Nun's Story vii. 104 Our practical nurses..can stand only a four-hour shift, but our sisters take unlimited duty. 1979 W. Kienzle Rosary Murders 20 One of the orderlies and one of the practical nurses..had enjoyed a quick roll in bed. 1995 Toronto Star 24 Feb. sc8 They allege the mass layoffs are part of a province-wide union-busting trend in health care that will replace $27-an-hour registered nurses with less qualified $14-an-hour practical nurses. practical nurse v. North American (rare) transitive to attend (a patient) as a practical nurse. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > practice of healing art > practise the healing art [verb (transitive)] > tend the sick > as practical nurse practical nurse1971 1971 ‘A. Blaisdell’ Pract. to Deceive v. 68 Mrs. Carstairs would be back from practical-nursing her sister. practical nursing n. (a) the manual tasks involved in nursing; the way such tasks are organized; (b) North American the occupation of a practical nurse (as distinct from a registered one). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > practice of healing art > [noun] > tending the sick > as a profession nursing1859 practical nursing1885 1885 J. Ilbert (title) Six lectures on practical nursing. 1947 (title) Practical nursing. An analysis of the practical nurse occupation. 1964 Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 24 Apr. (1970) 118 To my great delight we..saw a class in practical nursing, and I told them that the world was certainly waiting for their skills. 1994 Canad. Woman Stud. Fall 87/2 Ida graduated from a practical nursing program and worked at Whitehorse General Hospital for 12 years. practical politician n. a politician who is in touch with practical issues or can deliver practical solutions. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > politician > [noun] > concerned with specific types or branches practical politician1770 politico religionist1809 professional politician1839 theopolitician1867 world politician1898 Realpolitiker1913 power-politician1917 geopolitician1934 1770 C. Macaulay Observ. on Pamphlet 14 A consummate piece of indiscretion, which nothing could make us believe practical politicians to be guilty of. 1896 Dict. National Biogr. XLV. 392/1 Place was more successful as a practical politician. He was no speaker..but he was untiring in..drafting petitions, collecting subscriptions [etc.]. 1991 in B. MacArthur Despatches from Gulf War 44 The blame must not be allowed to stop at the Sun, the prime minister and his exultant predecessor. The Modern Empiricists, the ‘practical politicians’, the ‘sensible’ journalists are every bit as responsible. practical politics n. what actually takes place or is possible in political life; (also) = Realpolitik n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] > political actions or practice > types of practical politics1709 theopolitics1736 Realpolitik1872 shirtsleeve (also shirtsleeves) diplomacy1896 power politics1901 armed response1904 politricks1908 Machtpolitik1916 power play1941 telepolitics1958 marketization1961 gender politics1977 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 69. 1/2 He can..distinguish between Chimærical and Practical Politicks. 1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. xv. 217 ‘Hargrave,’ said his lordship, ‘if you want any information upon points of practical politics’—that was his phrase..‘there is only one man in the kingdom whom you should consult..and that's Stapylton Toad.’ 1897 Daily News 24 July 5/2 Practical politics is to do what you can, and not what you ought. 1919 F. Hamilton Vanished Pomps i. 30 As the inventor of ‘Practical Politics’ (Real Politik), Bismarck had a supreme contempt for fluent talkers and for words. 1939 I. Berlin Karl Marx iv. 74 It was his [sc. Marx's] first experience of practical politics: he conducted his paper with immense vigour and intolerance. 2003 National Art Coll. Fund Rev. 2002 90/2 Balfour's air of aristocratic aloofness hid a subtle, penetrating mind combined with a keen grasp of practical politics. practical theology n. (a) the application of theology to practical questions and problems; theology put into practice; (b) the theology of action or praxis. ΚΠ 1670 S. Gott Divine Hist. Genesis World 13 The Practical Theology of Scripture hath been by none better Ventilated then by English Divines.] 1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra iv. viii. 267 All the means which the Egyptians made use of hitherto, in the Cure of Diseases..were to be referred entirely to their Practical Theology..of which their Magical Medicine was a principal part. 1777 (title) Sentimental and practical theology. 1874 J. Duncan Pulpit & Commun. Table 73 Polemical theology is the defence, Practical theology the application, of Dogmatic theology, which again rests upon Exegetical. 1915 C. M. Sears Fruitlands ii. 31 The Northampton Community is one of industry, the one at Hopedale aims at practical theology, this of Roxbury is one of taste. 1976 F. McDonagh tr. W. Pannenberg Theol. & Philos. of Sci. ii. vi. 434 Practical theology must therefore deal with ‘the sense of meaning which underlies action in the context of the Christian life-world’. 2005 Guardian (Nexis) 28 July 27 In 1958, he became professor of practical theology and Christian ethics at St Andrews University and held this post for 29 years. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < |
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