† prevenev.

Forms: 1600s preuene, 1600s–1800s prevene; Scottish pre-1700 praeuein, pre-1700 praeveen, pre-1700 praeveene, pre-1700 praevein, pre-1700 praevene, pre-1700 prauein, pre-1700 preivein, pre-1700 preueine, pre-1700 preuene, pre-1700 preueyn, pre-1700 preuine, pre-1700 preveene, pre-1700 prevein, pre-1700 preveine, pre-1700 prevene, pre-1700 preveyn, pre-1700 preveynne, pre-1700 previne, pre-1700 preweine, pre-1700 prewene, pre-1700 preweyn, pre-1700 prewin, pre-1700 prewine, pre-1700 preyvein, pre-1700 prouene, pre-1700 proveine, pre-1700 prowein, pre-1700 prowine, pre-1700 1700s preveen.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prevenir; Latin praevenīre.

Etymology: < Middle French prevenir (French prévenir ) to act first in a matter (1431–1435), to summon to court (1467), to anticipate in order to hinder (c1480), to forestall (someone) in a course of action (1512), (of divine grace) to go before (1551) and its etymon classical Latin praevenīre to arrive first or beforehand, to precede, to anticipate, forestall, prevent, to surpass, (of death) to take (a person) prematurely, in post-classical Latin also (of God) to go before with spiritual help (Vulgate), to prejudice (5th cent.), to intervene on behalf of (8th cent.), to occupy beforehand, preoccupy (from 8th cent. in British sources) < prae- pre- prefix + venīre to come (see Venite n.). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan prevenir (1314), Catalan prevenir (14th cent.), Spanish prevenir (late 14th cent.), Portuguese prevenir (14th cent.), Italian prevenire (13th cent.). Compare earlier prevent v.With forms in pro- compare discussion at pre- prefix.

Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete.

1. To anticipate or forestall.

a. transitive. To anticipate, take precautions against (a danger, evil, etc.); (hence) to prevent, frustrate, evade.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)]

forbidc1000

forrunc1275

forbar1303

before-comec1384

withstanda1400

withholdc1400

prevenec1485

supprime1490

interrupt1497

resist?a1513

prevent1522

discourage1528

prohibit1531

stop1534

forleta1555

bar1559

to bar by and main1567

disbar1567

to cut off1576

embar1577

forestall1579

obvent1588

cancel1594

waylay1625

suppress1651

antevene1655

arceate1657

exarceate1657

interpel1722

stump1858

estop1876

plug1887

pre-empt1957

deter1961

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 254 Na man..suld byde his dede, seand jt cum till him, bot he suld preuene jt, and he mycht. And sen a man seis his fa, cum to geve him mortall woundis..he wald..preuene the strakis.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iii. xvi. 13 Be my calamyte ȝe may eschew or ellis prevene siclike displeseris in tymes cummyng.

1578 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 12 Gif thair treasonabill interprysis be not..spedilie prevenit.

1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 329 His justice doth never through punishments prevene our sins.

a1657 J. Balfour Hist. Wks. (1824) II. 54 Mischieffe..wiche the Lordes of priuey counsaill wyssly preweined.

1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 552 That the crime committed, may be punished, to preveen the errour of others.

a1722 J. Lauder Hist. Notices Sc. Affairs (1848) II. 651 They thought Rumbold was in hazard of death by his wounds; so the Privy Counsell ordained the Criminall Court to sit on him the nixt morrow, that he preveen not the publick execution by his death.

a1768 in J. Paul Up Glenesk (1894) 161 As the intent of law has ever been What might the danger of the State preveen.

b. transitive. To act before or more quickly than (a person or thing); to forestall; to supplant. Also intransitive: to intervene.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)] > anticipate or forestall

before-takea1382

preventc1425

devance1485

prevenea1500

lurch1530

to take before the bounda1556

to be aforehand with1570

to be beforehand with1574

to meet halfwaya1586

preoccupate1588

forestall1589

fore-run1591

surprise1591

antedate1595

foreprise1597

preoccupy1607

preoccupy1638

pre-act1655

anticipatea1682

obviate1712

to head off1841

beat1847

to beat out1893

pre-empt1957

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) ii. l. 212 Syne how þis Iacob sleely Prewenyt his broþir qwyntly.

1507 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 223/2 That thai sal nocht be hurt nor prevenit thairin be ony utheris to tak copyis of ony bukis furtht of our realme.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 132 I salbe als weill luvit agane, Thair may no iangler me prevene.

1600 King James VI in Lett. James & Elizabeth (Camden) 132 In this office of kyndnes touardis me, ye haue farre praueined all other kings my confederatis.

1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 73 When the Pagans were surprized with any danger, and that instinct did in them prevene reasoning, they implor'd the succour of the true God.

1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 43 If thy indulgent Care Had not preven'd, among unbody'd Shades I now had wander'd.

c. transitive. Theology. Of God, or the grace of God: to go before (a person) with spiritual guidance and help, so as to predispose to repentance or faith; = prevent v. 3. Used chiefly with reference to prevenient grace; see prevenient adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [verb (transitive)] > exercise grace

preventc1450

prevenea1513

the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [verb (transitive)] > exercise grace > predispose to repentance (of grace)

preventc1450

prevenea1513

a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1965) II. 73 For and I do my part þat I may do God falȝeis nocht to me, and he prevenis me and helpis me þar to.

1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 220 The beginning of iustification in men of perfect aige mon be tain of the grace of God prævening tham through Iesus Christ.

1600 J. Hamilton Facile Traictise Epist. sig. ★5^v Saue our king, o lord, psal. 19. preuine him in ye blissings of your sueitnes. [Cf. Ps. xxi. 3.]

1633 W. Struther True Happines 47 All these works of the Soul neither breed in us, neither begin at us, but he preveeneth us in them all.

1662 A. Petrie Compend. Hist. Catholick Church i. iii. §2. 28 Our good things are both God's and ours, because he preveeneth us by inspiring that we do will.

d. transitive. Scots Law. Of a judge: to supersede (a subordinate judge) in assuming jurisdiction over a case, esp. by exercising the first judicial act in the case. Cf. prevention n. 4b.

ΚΠ

a1646 T. Hope Minor Practicks (1726) 93 The Sheriff in Criminals may preveen the Baron by the first Citation, both in simple Blood, and in Theft.

1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 361 Where many Judges are competent, they may preveen one another, and prevention is defyned to be anticipatio sive præoccupatio usus jurisdictionis.

2. To take in advance.

a. transitive. To anticipate (a time) by earlier action; to provide beforehand for (a coming event).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)]

yarec888

yarkc1000

graithc1175

readya1225

biredienc1275

to make yarec1290

forgraitha1300

adightc1330

buskc1330

purveyc1330

agraith1340

disposec1375

before-graithea1382

to forge and filec1381

to make readya1382

devisec1385

bounc1390

buss?a1400

address?a1425

parel?a1425

to get upc1425

providec1425

prepare1449

bakec1450

aready1470

arm?a1505

prevenea1522

get?1530

to get ready1530

to set in readiness1575

apply1577

compose1612

predy1627

make1637

to dispose of1655

do1660

fallowa1764

to line up1934

prep1936

tee1938

the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > make preparations for (an event, etc.)

apparelc1314

purveya1382

prevenea1522

bespeak1582

providea1616

forespeak1659

formel1673

to set the stage1937

organize1952

to set up1965

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. i. 27 Haist not the sesson to provoke nor prevene.

1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xii. 150 Best wer, I think, mycht we preuene ȝone day.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 397 The Scottis prevenit the tyme and past fourtht at midnight to the fieldis.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 261 He oft vset to preueine materis of waicht with a sad counsell and graue,..preueineng the tyme to cum, with Judgement incredible.

1667 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1954) IV. 323 Here is the honest man come to preveine his tyme that he took to present himself; he is most willing to undergoe what ever censure the toune thinks good for his sones miscariadge on Sunday last.

b. transitive. To preoccupy, prepossess (a person, a person's mind, etc.).

ΚΠ

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. xi. 55 Bot he [sc. Cupid]..Can [= gan] her dolf spreit for to prevene and steir, Had bene disvsit fra luif that mony ȝeir.

a1736 in R. A. Hay Geneal. Sainteclaires (1835) 170 The king being altogither preveened by the Earle of Melford, against her and her childering.

c. transitive. Of death (or an agent or cause of death): to overtake (a person) prematurely.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > manner of death > die in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > overtake or overcome by death

prevenec1536

c1536 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hist. & Chron. Scotl. (1821) II. 408 He maid his solempne vote, to pas with ane army in defence of Cristin faith aganis the Turkis and was prevenit be untimus deith.

1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 165 Thocht pest, or sword wald vs preuene, Befoir our hour, to slay vs clene.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 158 Bot this capitane is preueined in Camelodune w^t deith in few dayes.

1684–9 in A. H. Millar Bk. of Record (1890) 20 My father was preveen'd by death and did not behold this tragedie.

3. transitive. To come or go before; to precede.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > precede or follow in order [verb (transitive)] > precede in order

to go before ——OE

precedea1552

fore-run1570

prevene1596

frontal1652

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 455 Preueineng [L. anteuertens] al the rest, [he] landis in Scotland the first of Maii.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 24062 Richt stalwart men..He gart prevene the Britis thair ane space.

a1656 R. Gordon Geneal. Hist. Earldom of Sutherland (1813) 139 Bot he lingring a little too long by the way in England, wes preveined by John Lesly, bishop of Rosse.

1869 J. G. Holland Kathrina ii. 107 Till our poor race has passed the tortuous years That lie prevening the millennium.

1877 J. A. Heraud Uxmal 115 Calm day is here,—but not serene; Such calm as oft doth storms prevene.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	prevene
释义	† prevenev. Forms: 1600s preuene, 1600s–1800s prevene; Scottish pre-1700 praeuein, pre-1700 praeveen, pre-1700 praeveene, pre-1700 praevein, pre-1700 praevene, pre-1700 prauein, pre-1700 preivein, pre-1700 preueine, pre-1700 preuene, pre-1700 preueyn, pre-1700 preuine, pre-1700 preveene, pre-1700 prevein, pre-1700 preveine, pre-1700 prevene, pre-1700 preveyn, pre-1700 preveynne, pre-1700 previne, pre-1700 preweine, pre-1700 prewene, pre-1700 preweyn, pre-1700 prewin, pre-1700 prewine, pre-1700 preyvein, pre-1700 prouene, pre-1700 proveine, pre-1700 prowein, pre-1700 prowine, pre-1700 1700s preveen. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French prevenir; Latin praevenīre. Etymology: < Middle French prevenir (French prévenir ) to act first in a matter (1431–1435), to summon to court (1467), to anticipate in order to hinder (c1480), to forestall (someone) in a course of action (1512), (of divine grace) to go before (1551) and its etymon classical Latin praevenīre to arrive first or beforehand, to precede, to anticipate, forestall, prevent, to surpass, (of death) to take (a person) prematurely, in post-classical Latin also (of God) to go before with spiritual help (Vulgate), to prejudice (5th cent.), to intervene on behalf of (8th cent.), to occupy beforehand, preoccupy (from 8th cent. in British sources) < prae- pre- prefix + venīre to come (see Venite n.). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan prevenir (1314), Catalan prevenir (14th cent.), Spanish prevenir (late 14th cent.), Portuguese prevenir (14th cent.), Italian prevenire (13th cent.). Compare earlier prevent v.With forms in pro- compare discussion at pre- prefix. Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete. 1. To anticipate or forestall. a. transitive. To anticipate, take precautions against (a danger, evil, etc.); (hence) to prevent, frustrate, evade. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hindering completely or preventing > hinder completely or prevent [verb (transitive)] forbidc1000 forrunc1275 forbar1303 before-comec1384 withstanda1400 withholdc1400 prevenec1485 supprime1490 interrupt1497 resist?a1513 prevent1522 discourage1528 prohibit1531 stop1534 forleta1555 bar1559 to bar by and main1567 disbar1567 to cut off1576 embar1577 forestall1579 obvent1588 cancel1594 waylay1625 suppress1651 antevene1655 arceate1657 exarceate1657 interpel1722 stump1858 estop1876 plug1887 pre-empt1957 deter1961 c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 254 Na man..suld byde his dede, seand jt cum till him, bot he suld preuene jt, and he mycht. And sen a man seis his fa, cum to geve him mortall woundis..he wald..preuene the strakis. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1903) II. iii. xvi. 13 Be my calamyte ȝe may eschew or ellis prevene siclike displeseris in tymes cummyng. 1578 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 12 Gif thair treasonabill interprysis be not..spedilie prevenit. 1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 329 His justice doth never through punishments prevene our sins. a1657 J. Balfour Hist. Wks. (1824) II. 54 Mischieffe..wiche the Lordes of priuey counsaill wyssly preweined. 1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 552 That the crime committed, may be punished, to preveen the errour of others. a1722 J. Lauder Hist. Notices Sc. Affairs (1848) II. 651 They thought Rumbold was in hazard of death by his wounds; so the Privy Counsell ordained the Criminall Court to sit on him the nixt morrow, that he preveen not the publick execution by his death. a1768 in J. Paul Up Glenesk (1894) 161 As the intent of law has ever been What might the danger of the State preveen. b. transitive. To act before or more quickly than (a person or thing); to forestall; to supplant. Also intransitive: to intervene. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > precede or come before [verb (transitive)] > anticipate or forestall before-takea1382 preventc1425 devance1485 prevenea1500 lurch1530 to take before the bounda1556 to be aforehand with1570 to be beforehand with1574 to meet halfwaya1586 preoccupate1588 forestall1589 fore-run1591 surprise1591 antedate1595 foreprise1597 preoccupy1607 preoccupy1638 pre-act1655 anticipatea1682 obviate1712 to head off1841 beat1847 to beat out1893 pre-empt1957 a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) ii. l. 212 Syne how þis Iacob sleely Prewenyt his broþir qwyntly. 1507 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 223/2 That thai sal nocht be hurt nor prevenit thairin be ony utheris to tak copyis of ony bukis furtht of our realme. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 132 I salbe als weill luvit agane, Thair may no iangler me prevene. 1600 King James VI in Lett. James & Elizabeth (Camden) 132 In this office of kyndnes touardis me, ye haue farre praueined all other kings my confederatis. 1650 Earl of Monmouth tr. J. F. Senault Man become Guilty 73 When the Pagans were surprized with any danger, and that instinct did in them prevene reasoning, they implor'd the succour of the true God. 1708 J. Philips Cyder i. 43 If thy indulgent Care Had not preven'd, among unbody'd Shades I now had wander'd. c. transitive. Theology. Of God, or the grace of God: to go before (a person) with spiritual guidance and help, so as to predispose to repentance or faith; = prevent v. 3. Used chiefly with reference to prevenient grace; see prevenient adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [verb (transitive)] > exercise grace preventc1450 prevenea1513 the world > the supernatural > deity > Christian God > nature or attributes of God > [verb (transitive)] > exercise grace > predispose to repentance (of grace) preventc1450 prevenea1513 a1513 J. Irland Meroure of Wyssdome (1965) II. 73 For and I do my part þat I may do God falȝeis nocht to me, and he prevenis me and helpis me þar to. 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 220 The beginning of iustification in men of perfect aige mon be tain of the grace of God prævening tham through Iesus Christ. 1600 J. Hamilton Facile Traictise Epist. sig. ★5^v Saue our king, o lord, psal. 19. preuine him in ye blissings of your sueitnes. [Cf. Ps. xxi. 3.] 1633 W. Struther True Happines 47 All these works of the Soul neither breed in us, neither begin at us, but he preveeneth us in them all. 1662 A. Petrie Compend. Hist. Catholick Church i. iii. §2. 28 Our good things are both God's and ours, because he preveeneth us by inspiring that we do will. d. transitive. Scots Law. Of a judge: to supersede (a subordinate judge) in assuming jurisdiction over a case, esp. by exercising the first judicial act in the case. Cf. prevention n. 4b. ΚΠ a1646 T. Hope Minor Practicks (1726) 93 The Sheriff in Criminals may preveen the Baron by the first Citation, both in simple Blood, and in Theft. 1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. ii. 361 Where many Judges are competent, they may preveen one another, and prevention is defyned to be anticipatio sive præoccupatio usus jurisdictionis. 2. To take in advance. a. transitive. To anticipate (a time) by earlier action; to provide beforehand for (a coming event). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] yarec888 yarkc1000 graithc1175 readya1225 biredienc1275 to make yarec1290 forgraitha1300 adightc1330 buskc1330 purveyc1330 agraith1340 disposec1375 before-graithea1382 to forge and filec1381 to make readya1382 devisec1385 bounc1390 buss?a1400 address?a1425 parel?a1425 to get upc1425 providec1425 prepare1449 bakec1450 aready1470 arm?a1505 prevenea1522 get?1530 to get ready1530 to get ready1530 to set in readiness1575 apply1577 compose1612 predy1627 make1637 to dispose of1655 do1660 fallowa1764 to line up1934 prep1936 tee1938 the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > prepare [verb (transitive)] > make preparations for (an event, etc.) apparelc1314 purveya1382 prevenea1522 bespeak1582 providea1616 forespeak1659 formel1673 to set the stage1937 organize1952 to set up1965 a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. i. 27 Haist not the sesson to provoke nor prevene. 1570 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xii. 150 Best wer, I think, mycht we preuene ȝone day. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 397 The Scottis prevenit the tyme and past fourtht at midnight to the fieldis. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 261 He oft vset to preueine materis of waicht with a sad counsell and graue,..preueineng the tyme to cum, with Judgement incredible. 1667 in L. B. Taylor Aberdeen Council Lett. (1954) IV. 323 Here is the honest man come to preveine his tyme that he took to present himself; he is most willing to undergoe what ever censure the toune thinks good for his sones miscariadge on Sunday last. b. transitive. To preoccupy, prepossess (a person, a person's mind, etc.). ΚΠ a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid i. xi. 55 Bot he [sc. Cupid]..Can [= gan] her dolf spreit for to prevene and steir, Had bene disvsit fra luif that mony ȝeir. a1736 in R. A. Hay Geneal. Sainteclaires (1835) 170 The king being altogither preveened by the Earle of Melford, against her and her childering. c. transitive. Of death (or an agent or cause of death): to overtake (a person) prematurely. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > manner of death > die in specific manner [verb (intransitive)] > overtake or overcome by death prevenec1536 c1536 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hist. & Chron. Scotl. (1821) II. 408 He maid his solempne vote, to pas with ane army in defence of Cristin faith aganis the Turkis and was prevenit be untimus deith. 1567 Compend. Bk. Godly Songs (1897) 165 Thocht pest, or sword wald vs preuene, Befoir our hour, to slay vs clene. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 158 Bot this capitane is preueined in Camelodune w^t deith in few dayes. 1684–9 in A. H. Millar Bk. of Record (1890) 20 My father was preveen'd by death and did not behold this tragedie. 3. transitive. To come or go before; to precede. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > preceding or following in order > precede or follow in order [verb (transitive)] > precede in order to go before ——OE precedea1552 fore-run1570 prevene1596 frontal1652 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 455 Preueineng [L. anteuertens] al the rest, [he] landis in Scotland the first of Maii. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) 24062 Richt stalwart men..He gart prevene the Britis thair ane space. a1656 R. Gordon Geneal. Hist. Earldom of Sutherland (1813) 139 Bot he lingring a little too long by the way in England, wes preveined by John Lesly, bishop of Rosse. 1869 J. G. Holland Kathrina ii. 107 Till our poor race has passed the tortuous years That lie prevening the millennium. 1877 J. A. Heraud Uxmal 115 Calm day is here,—but not serene; Such calm as oft doth storms prevene. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1485
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