principiumn.

Brit.

/prɪnˈsɪpɪəm/, U.S.

/ˌprɪnˈsɪpiəm/

Inflections: Plural principia.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin principium.

Etymology: < classical Latin principium beginning, origin, source, initial or rudimentary stage, guiding principle, basis, (in plural, principia ) elements, headquarters in an army camp, in post-classical Latin also inception of a master, or of a bachelor beginning a book of the Bible or the Sententiae of Peter the Lombard (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources) < princip- , princeps first in time or order (see princeps adj.) + -ium (see -y suffix⁴). Compare earlier principle n., and slightly later principe n.¹In sense 1b short for post-classical Latin Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica, the title of a book by Isaac Newton (1687).

a. Beginning, commencement; origin, source; first principle, element; fundamental truth; = principle n. (in various senses). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun]

welleOE

mothereOE

ordeOE

wellspringeOE

fathereOE

headeOE

oreOE

wellspringOE

rootc1175

morea1200

beginningc1200

head wella1325

sourcec1374

principlea1382

risinga1382

springinga1382

fountain14..

springerc1410

nativity?a1425

racinea1425

spring1435

headspring?a1439

seminaryc1440

originationc1443

spring wellc1450

sourdre1477

primordialc1487

naissance1490

wellhead?1492

offspringa1500

conduit-head1517

damc1540

springhead1547

principium1550

mint1555

principal1555

centre1557

head fountain1563

parentage1581

rise1589

spawna1591

fount1594

parent1597

taproot1601

origin1604

fountainhead1606

radix1607

springa1616

abundary1622

rist1622

primitive1628

primary1632

land-spring1642

extraction1655

upstart1669

progenerator1692

fontala1711

well-eye1826

first birth1838

ancestry1880

Quelle1893

the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun] > basis or fundamental principle

principlea1398

basec1500

principium1550

primordial1610

basisa1616

element1655

radical1656

principe1669

seminiuma1676

ultimate1710

rock beda1853

ultimatum1858

rock-bottom1866

ultimity1898

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [noun]

ordeOE

thresholdeOE

frumthc950

anginOE

frumeOE

worthOE

beginninga1225

springc1225

commencementc1250

ginninga1300

comsingc1325

entryc1330

aginning1340

alphac1384

incomea1400

formec1400

ingressc1420

birtha1425

principlea1449

comsementa1450

resultancec1450

inition1463

inceptiona1483

entering1526

originala1529

inchoation1530

opening1531

starting1541

principium1550

entrance1553

onset1561

rise1589

begin1590

ingate1591

overture1595

budding1601

initiationa1607

starting off1616

dawninga1631

dawn1633

impriminga1639

start1644

fall1647

initial1656

outset1664

outsettinga1698

going off1714

offsetting1782

offset1791

commence1794

aurora1806

incipiency1817

set-out1821

set-in1826

throw-off1828

go-off1830

outstart1844

start1857

incipience1864

oncome1865

kick-off1875

off-go1886

off1896

get-go1960

lift-off1967

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom

principlea1387

maximc1450

first principle1525

ground1528

principal1545

principium1550

protasis1572

theorem1588

postulate1590

axiom1593

groundsel1604

postulatuma1620

praecognitum1624

datum1646

self-evident1675

philosopheme1678

dictum of all and none1697

dictum of Aristotle1827

prius1882

ground rule1890

posit1900

the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical elements > [noun]

elementa1300

spirita1393

bodya1398

originalsc1484

red mana1500

principlea1550

principium1684

1550 R. Hutchinson Image of God xxviii. f. 139 They confesse the almyghty comforter also to be principium, forasmuch as he with the father and the sonne made all thynges.

1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum f. 121 And though heauen be Principium, and Well of generation: yet in it selfe it receiueth no generation, nor corruption, nor decreasing nor increasing.

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 138 The doctrine of the Catholike Church, consists of three speciall principia or causes.

1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 281 The principium of a demonstration is an immediate proposition, viz. that hath none before it.

1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. C3^v I have noted the causes, and principium of the Wars following.

1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 109 Elementa, or Principia, are the Simplest Bodies that can be... There are Five Elements, Spirit, Salt, Sulphur, Water and Earth.

1796 Z. Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1900) vi. 173 Useful productions, containing the principia of religious knowledge.

a1871 G. Grote Fragm. Ethical Subj. (1876) v. 130 Not able to imbibe even the principia of ethical reasoning.

1949 A. B. Kuhn Shadow Third Cent. xvi.3 57 Systems of philosophy are to be historically gauged by the outcome of their practice when their basic principia have been assiduously studied, fully understood, [etc.].

1998 H. A. Harris Fundamentalism & Evangelicals vi. 218 Kuyper... resolves rather than presupposes that scripture is the principium or starting-point of theology.

b. In plural Principia: the book Philosophiæ naturalis principia mathematica (‘The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy’), by Sir Isaac Newton, first published in 1687 and giving a mathematical description of the laws of mechanics and gravitation and their application to planetary motion.

ΚΠ

1713 J. Flamsteed Letter to Mr. Sharp in F. Baily Acc. of Flamsteed (1835) 304 D [Sir Isaac Newton] has lately published his Principia anew, wherein he makes this equation ablative where it was formerly to be added, and to be added where it was subductive.

1754 Philos. Trans. 1753 (Royal Soc.) 48 14 F. Frisi..files it up, as the sixth of the errors, which he says have been discovered in the Principia.

1814 T. Jefferson Let. 19 Apr. in Writings (1984) 1335 At the date of yours of the 6th, you had not received mine of the 3d inst., asking a copy of an edition of Newton's Principia, which I had seen advertised.

1878 A. J. C. Hare Walks in London II. ii. 76 The ‘Principia’, which occupies the same position to philosophy as the Bible does to religion.

1988 T. Ferris Coming of Age in Milky Way (1989) i. vi. 118 Newton responded by threatening to leave the Principia unfinished by omitting Part Three.

c. In the medieval University: an inaugural lecture, sermon, etc.; any of several lectures or disputations required of students before proceeding to the next stage of their studies; spec. (a) a public lecture or disputation by which a Bachelor in any faculty, having received the Chancellor's licence, ceremonially entered upon his functions to become an actual Master or Doctor; (b) in Paris and elsewhere, a disputation by which a student in the Theological Faculty became a Bachelor of Divinity; (c) a discourse upon some theological problem which a Bachelor of Divinity was later (as a Sententiarius) required to deliver, before beginning his course of lectures on each of the four books of the Sententiae of Peter the Lombard. historical. N.E.D. (1908) notes: ‘In sense a, also called Inception; the day on which this took place is still called at Cambridge and in some American universities ‘the Commencement’ (at Oxford ‘the Act’).’

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > instructive discourse > lecture > specific lecture

wall lecture1662

principium1895

1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages I. 229 The idea of the ‘Conventus’, or ‘Public Examination’, was essentially the same as that of the ceremony known as the ‘Principium’.

1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages I. 465 He entered upon his Baccalaureate by responding in a public lecture called a principium, and then began a course of lectures on a book of the Bible.

1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages I. 466 The Bachelor might now, after nine years' study, be admitted to the ordinary reading of the Sentences, entering upon each of the four books into which the Lombard's work was divided by a solemn Principium or public discourse upon some difficult theological problem.

1933 Speculum 8 410 Chenu..shows that introitus was the term used before 1250 for the later principium, or bachelor's introductory lectures on the Sentences of Peter Lombard.

1964 Jrnl. Warburg & Courtauld Instit. 27 81 The inceptor had to give his principium in the form of a sermon in praise of Scripture.

1996 Eng. Hist. Rev. 111 1068 Based on two instances of apparent inception ceremonies c. 1180 at the University of Paris—drawn from the autobiography of Gerald of Wales and the principium of Stephen Langton—N. Spats argues that there existed a guild of masters at the university.

2. In plural. Roman History. The general's quarters in an army camp.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > encamping > officer's tent

principiums1591

praetorium1600

marquee1690

marquise1749

1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. iii. 121 They only of the conspiracie might assemble themselues in the Principia.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vii. 257 In the verie Principia, yea and within the quarter of the L. Generall his pavilion, were heard confused speeches.

1723 J. Clarke in tr. C. Nepos Vitæ Excellentium Imperatorum 155 (note) The Principia was that Place in the Camp, where the General's Tent was, where the Standards were stuck in the Earth, during the Encampment.

1758 in J. Dryden tr. Plutarch Lives (new ed.) VI. 209 Vinius..one night brought into the camp..his General's own wife..and lay with her in that part of the camp which the Romans call Principia.

1889 E. S. Shuckburgh tr. Polybius Hist. I. vi. 485 In this space, which is called the Principia, most of the Romans in the camp transact all the business of the day; and are therefore very particular about its being kept well watered and properly swept.

1987 London Archaeologist Winter 363/2 In fig. 23 of the Agricolan legionary fortress..the remarkably small size of the principia (headquarters building) may be compared with the empty space around it.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	principium
释义	principiumn. Brit. /prɪnˈsɪpɪəm/, U.S. /ˌprɪnˈsɪpiəm/ Inflections: Plural principia. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin principium. Etymology: < classical Latin principium beginning, origin, source, initial or rudimentary stage, guiding principle, basis, (in plural, principia ) elements, headquarters in an army camp, in post-classical Latin also inception of a master, or of a bachelor beginning a book of the Bible or the Sententiae of Peter the Lombard (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources) < princip- , princeps first in time or order (see princeps adj.) + -ium (see -y suffix⁴). Compare earlier principle n., and slightly later principe n.¹In sense 1b short for post-classical Latin Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica, the title of a book by Isaac Newton (1687). 1. a. Beginning, commencement; origin, source; first principle, element; fundamental truth; = principle n. (in various senses). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] welleOE mothereOE ordeOE wellspringeOE fathereOE headeOE oreOE wellspringOE rootc1175 morea1200 beginningc1200 head wella1325 sourcec1374 principlea1382 risinga1382 springinga1382 fountain14.. springerc1410 nativity?a1425 racinea1425 spring1435 headspring?a1439 seminaryc1440 originationc1443 spring wellc1450 sourdre1477 primordialc1487 naissance1490 wellhead?1492 offspringa1500 conduit-head1517 damc1540 springhead1547 principium1550 mint1555 principal1555 centre1557 head fountain1563 parentage1581 rise1589 spawna1591 fount1594 parent1597 taproot1601 origin1604 fountainhead1606 radix1607 springa1616 abundary1622 rist1622 primitive1628 primary1632 land-spring1642 extraction1655 upstart1669 progenerator1692 fontala1711 well-eye1826 first birth1838 ancestry1880 Quelle1893 the world > existence and causation > causation > basis or foundation > [noun] > basis or fundamental principle principlea1398 basec1500 principium1550 primordial1610 basisa1616 element1655 radical1656 principe1669 seminiuma1676 ultimate1710 rock beda1853 ultimatum1858 rock-bottom1866 ultimity1898 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > beginning > [noun] ordeOE thresholdeOE frumthc950 anginOE frumeOE worthOE beginninga1225 springc1225 springc1225 commencementc1250 ginninga1300 comsingc1325 entryc1330 aginning1340 alphac1384 incomea1400 formec1400 ingressc1420 birtha1425 principlea1449 comsementa1450 resultancec1450 inition1463 inceptiona1483 entering1526 originala1529 inchoation1530 opening1531 starting1541 principium1550 entrance1553 onset1561 rise1589 begin1590 ingate1591 overture1595 budding1601 initiationa1607 starting off1616 dawninga1631 dawn1633 impriminga1639 start1644 fall1647 initial1656 outset1664 outsettinga1698 going off1714 offsetting1782 offset1791 commence1794 aurora1806 incipiency1817 set-out1821 set-in1826 throw-off1828 go-off1830 outstart1844 start1857 incipience1864 oncome1865 kick-off1875 off-go1886 off1896 get-go1960 lift-off1967 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical reasoning > [noun] > deductivism or a priori reasoning > a principle or axiom principlea1387 maximc1450 first principle1525 ground1528 principal1545 principium1550 protasis1572 theorem1588 postulate1590 axiom1593 groundsel1604 postulatuma1620 praecognitum1624 datum1646 self-evident1675 philosopheme1678 dictum of all and none1697 dictum of Aristotle1827 prius1882 ground rule1890 posit1900 the world > matter > alchemy > alchemical elements > [noun] elementa1300 spirita1393 bodya1398 originalsc1484 red mana1500 principlea1550 principium1684 1550 R. Hutchinson Image of God xxviii. f. 139 They confesse the almyghty comforter also to be principium, forasmuch as he with the father and the sonne made all thynges. 1582 S. Batman Vppon Bartholome, De Proprietatibus Rerum f. 121 And though heauen be Principium, and Well of generation: yet in it selfe it receiueth no generation, nor corruption, nor decreasing nor increasing. 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 138 The doctrine of the Catholike Church, consists of three speciall principia or causes. 1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 281 The principium of a demonstration is an immediate proposition, viz. that hath none before it. 1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia sig. C3^v I have noted the causes, and principium of the Wars following. 1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 109 Elementa, or Principia, are the Simplest Bodies that can be... There are Five Elements, Spirit, Salt, Sulphur, Water and Earth. 1796 Z. Macaulay in Life & Lett. (1900) vi. 173 Useful productions, containing the principia of religious knowledge. a1871 G. Grote Fragm. Ethical Subj. (1876) v. 130 Not able to imbibe even the principia of ethical reasoning. 1949 A. B. Kuhn Shadow Third Cent. xvi.3 57 Systems of philosophy are to be historically gauged by the outcome of their practice when their basic principia have been assiduously studied, fully understood, [etc.]. 1998 H. A. Harris Fundamentalism & Evangelicals vi. 218 Kuyper... resolves rather than presupposes that scripture is the principium or starting-point of theology. b. In plural Principia: the book Philosophiæ naturalis principia mathematica (‘The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy’), by Sir Isaac Newton, first published in 1687 and giving a mathematical description of the laws of mechanics and gravitation and their application to planetary motion. ΚΠ 1713 J. Flamsteed Letter to Mr. Sharp in F. Baily Acc. of Flamsteed (1835) 304 D [Sir Isaac Newton] has lately published his Principia anew, wherein he makes this equation ablative where it was formerly to be added, and to be added where it was subductive. 1754 Philos. Trans. 1753 (Royal Soc.) 48 14 F. Frisi..files it up, as the sixth of the errors, which he says have been discovered in the Principia. 1814 T. Jefferson Let. 19 Apr. in Writings (1984) 1335 At the date of yours of the 6th, you had not received mine of the 3d inst., asking a copy of an edition of Newton's Principia, which I had seen advertised. 1878 A. J. C. Hare Walks in London II. ii. 76 The ‘Principia’, which occupies the same position to philosophy as the Bible does to religion. 1988 T. Ferris Coming of Age in Milky Way (1989) i. vi. 118 Newton responded by threatening to leave the Principia unfinished by omitting Part Three. c. In the medieval University: an inaugural lecture, sermon, etc.; any of several lectures or disputations required of students before proceeding to the next stage of their studies; spec. (a) a public lecture or disputation by which a Bachelor in any faculty, having received the Chancellor's licence, ceremonially entered upon his functions to become an actual Master or Doctor; (b) in Paris and elsewhere, a disputation by which a student in the Theological Faculty became a Bachelor of Divinity; (c) a discourse upon some theological problem which a Bachelor of Divinity was later (as a Sententiarius) required to deliver, before beginning his course of lectures on each of the four books of the Sententiae of Peter the Lombard. historical. N.E.D. (1908) notes: ‘In sense a, also called Inception; the day on which this took place is still called at Cambridge and in some American universities ‘the Commencement’ (at Oxford ‘the Act’).’ ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > means of teaching > [noun] > instructive discourse > lecture > specific lecture wall lecture1662 principium1895 1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages I. 229 The idea of the ‘Conventus’, or ‘Public Examination’, was essentially the same as that of the ceremony known as the ‘Principium’. 1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages I. 465 He entered upon his Baccalaureate by responding in a public lecture called a principium, and then began a course of lectures on a book of the Bible. 1895 H. Rashdall Univ. Europe in Middle Ages I. 466 The Bachelor might now, after nine years' study, be admitted to the ordinary reading of the Sentences, entering upon each of the four books into which the Lombard's work was divided by a solemn Principium or public discourse upon some difficult theological problem. 1933 Speculum 8 410 Chenu..shows that introitus was the term used before 1250 for the later principium, or bachelor's introductory lectures on the Sentences of Peter Lombard. 1964 Jrnl. Warburg & Courtauld Instit. 27 81 The inceptor had to give his principium in the form of a sermon in praise of Scripture. 1996 Eng. Hist. Rev. 111 1068 Based on two instances of apparent inception ceremonies c. 1180 at the University of Paris—drawn from the autobiography of Gerald of Wales and the principium of Stephen Langton—N. Spats argues that there existed a guild of masters at the university. 2. In plural. Roman History. The general's quarters in an army camp. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military organization > logistics > quartering > [noun] > encamping > officer's tent principiums1591 praetorium1600 marquee1690 marquise1749 1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. iii. 121 They only of the conspiracie might assemble themselues in the Principia. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. vii. 257 In the verie Principia, yea and within the quarter of the L. Generall his pavilion, were heard confused speeches. 1723 J. Clarke in tr. C. Nepos Vitæ Excellentium Imperatorum 155 (note) The Principia was that Place in the Camp, where the General's Tent was, where the Standards were stuck in the Earth, during the Encampment. 1758 in J. Dryden tr. Plutarch Lives (new ed.) VI. 209 Vinius..one night brought into the camp..his General's own wife..and lay with her in that part of the camp which the Romans call Principia. 1889 E. S. Shuckburgh tr. Polybius Hist. I. vi. 485 In this space, which is called the Principia, most of the Romans in the camp transact all the business of the day; and are therefore very particular about its being kept well watered and properly swept. 1987 London Archaeologist Winter 363/2 In fig. 23 of the Agricolan legionary fortress..the remarkably small size of the principia (headquarters building) may be compared with the empty space around it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1550
随便看	winchester quart winchester school winchester style winchestrian winchgear winchhandle winching winchite winchman winchmen wincing wincing-machine wincingly wincingmachine wincings wind wind a bonny pirn wind a etc round one's finger wind a etc round one's little finger wind a mort wind a person round one's finger wind a person round one's little finger wind a pirn wind about wind and limb