primacyn.

Brit.

/ˈprʌɪməsi/, U.S.

/ˈpraɪməsi/

Forms: Middle English prymacye, Middle English–1500s primacye, Middle English–1600s primacie, Middle English– primacy, 1500s primatie, 1500s prymacie; Scottish pre-1700 premiecie, pre-1700 primacie, pre-1700 primasie, pre-1700 prymacie, 1700s– primacy.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French primacie; Latin primatia.

Etymology: In sense 1 < Anglo-Norman primacie precedence, supremacy (13th–14th cent., with reference to the supremacy of the Archbishop of Canterbury over other bishops; < primas , primat primate n.¹ + -ie -y suffix³, after post-classical Latin primatia office of primate: see below). In sense 2 < post-classical Latin primatia office of primate (frequently c1170–16th cent. in British sources; < primat- , primas primate n.¹ + -ia -y suffix³); compare -acy suffix. Compare Old French, French †primacie (now primatie; also Middle French, French †primace) dignity of a primate (13th cent. in Old French, subsequently from the beginning of the 16th cent.), pre-eminence, superiority (1480 as primace), see of a primate (1549 as primace), and also Spanish primacia (late 13th cent. or earlier), Italian primazia (1363).

a. The state or position of being first in order, rank, importance, or authority; the fact of being more or most important; the first or chief place; pre-eminence, precedence, superiority.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > surpassing excellence > [noun]

pricea1275

sovereigntyc1340

primacyc1384

sublimityc1429

vassalagec1430

precellence?a1439

pre-excellencec1450

pre-eminencec1460

superexcellencec1475

chief1519

pre-eminency1523

greaterness1540

precellency1557

superexcellency?1563

divinenessa1586

superancya1586

sublimenessa1599

pre-excellency1603

especialness1614

transcendencea1616

transcendency1615

transcendentness1625

top1627

antecellency1657

quality1665

transcendingness1730

transcendentalism1841

surpassingness1879

transcendentality1881

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun]

primacyc1384

principalitya1398

pre-eminencec1460

principalness1530

supremacy1579

firsthood1619

transeminency1660

supremeness1665

primality1667

giantship1847

premiership1850

supremity1882

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > primate > [noun] > office of

primacyc1384

primalty?a1400

primateship?1570

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Coloss. i. 18 The firste bigetun of deede men, that he be holdinge primacie [L. primatum], or the firste dignyte in alle thingis.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 3 (MED) He þat desiriþ primacy in ȝerþ schal fynd confusion in heuen, and he schal not be countid among þe seruaunts of Crist þat tretiþ of primacy.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 249/2 The blessid laurence is he that after Saynt Stephen ought to holde the prymacye.

1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. K3^v I grant the prince to haue the soueraigntie and primacie ouer the church of God, within his dominions.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. vii. §3. 335 In after-times it [sc. Tyre] contended with Zidon for Primacie.

a1677 I. Barrow Treat. Pope's Supremacy (1680) 42 There are severall kinds of Primacy,..1. A Primacy of Worth or Personal excellency [etc.].

1723 H. Rowlands Mona Antiqua Restaurata xii. 245 There are..Monuments of all sorts,..many of which..bid fair for that Primacy of Seat and Residence.

1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio I. 341 All this theatrical primacy..is your work.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. 160 The earlier appearance and established primacy of the Tuscan poets.

1885 Manch. Examiner 7 Apr. 4/4 The position of primacy which England sustains among the commercial communities of the world.

1935 H. A. L. Fisher Europe 171 It was contended..that Christ had given to St Peter the primacy over the Apostles.

1967 G. Steiner Lang. & Silence 399 Trotsky acknowledged Lenin's primacy and uncanny political acumen.

1993 Australian 22 July 19/6 The company recognised the small investors' primacy in the issue's success.

b. Psychology. The fact of an item having been encountered first by a subject, esp. as a factor increasing its likelihood of being remembered.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > process of perception > [noun] > predominance of certain impressions

recency1891

primacy1896

1896 M. W. Calkins in Psychol. Rev. Monogr. Suppl. I. ii. 35 Ordinary self-observation has..enumerated frequency, recency, vividness..and primacy (the earliest position in a definite series of events) as the factors of interest.

1913 C. E. Seashore Psychol. in Daily Life v. 151 Familiar illustrations of the secondary or quantitative laws are (1) the law of primacy: other things being equal, the first impression will be the most effective.

1953 C. I. Hovland et al. Communication & Persuasion iv. 117 Experimental psychology for a long time postulated a Law of Primacy and a Law of Recency.

2000 Learning & Memory 7 48 Primacy is not as well understood, but many hypotheses contend that initial items are better encoded into long-term memory because they have had more opportunity to be rehearsed.

2. Christian Church.

a. The office, period of office, or authority of a primate (cf. primate n.¹ 1a). Also: supreme authority over the Church; spiritual leadership (esp. in reference to the Pope).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > archbishop > [noun] > see

archbishopric994

arch-see1622

primacy1746

archdiocese1845

a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in Englische Studien (1887) 10 25 (MED) The iii dygnyte of primacye, the wch was at Caerhust, was translatyd from þense to Meneuye.

1544 R. Tracy Supplycacion to Kynge Henry VIII sig. Bv Bookes whiche..write agaynste y^e byshop of Romes prymacy.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Pref. The office of ane Archbischop and general primacie of yis kirk of Scotland.

1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie (1636) i. iii. 174 They yeild a Primacie to the Pope, if he be Orthodox, but no Supremacie.

1641 S. Marshall et al. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. (1653) Post. 87 The Archbishop..spends the rest of his dayes in a long contention..with York about Primacie.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 566 They declared themselves for abolishing the Papal authority, and for reducing the Pope to the old Primacy again.

1746 G. Berkeley Let. 12 Sept. in Wks. (1871) IV. 311 The Primacy or Archbishopric of Dublin, if offered, might have tempted me.

1833 Tracts for Times No. 15. 5 Rome has ever had what is called the primacy of the Christian Churches.

1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 304 The primacy fell to the lot of Sigeric, Bishop of Ramsbury.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 565/1 After holding several livings in the north of Ireland he was made bishop of Derry and Raphoe in 1867, and was elevated to the primacy in 1896.

1946 J. C. Davies Episcopal Acts Welsh Dioceses 1066–1272 I. i. iii. 44 The primacy of Canterbury..was but loosely and fitfully accepted, and..generally its metropolitancy was not acknowledged or its authority obeyed.

1991 A. Hourani Hist. Arab Peoples iii. xiv. 242 There were two lines of patriarchs and bishops in the Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch, one recognizing the primacy of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, the other..accepting the authority of the Pope.

†b. Christian Church. The area ruled over by a primate. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > primate > [noun] > see of

primacy1552

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Pref. (heading) Within the boundis of al our hail primacie of Scotland.

1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. iii. viii. 428 The church of Dunkeld appears to have formed the primacy of Dunkeld.

Compounds

primacy principle n. Psychology = primacy effect n.

ΚΠ

1959 W. H. Lambert & S. Fillenbaum in S. Saporta & J. R. Bastian Psycholinguistics (1961) 457/1 The European cases in most instances fail to support either a primacy or a habit strength principle.

1982 Jrnl. Consumer Res. 9 215/1 When people are asked to learn lists of items, those at the beginning are learned best (primacy principle).

2001 Electric Perspectives (Nexis) 26 30 The primacy principle is so strong that it takes at least seven positive experiences to overcome a first negative impression.

primacy effect n. Psychology the effect whereby, other things being equal, an object seen first tends to be remembered over and above any encountered subsequently (cf. sense 1b).

ΚΠ

1935 E. G. Boring et al. Psychology Index 547 Primacy effect.

1971 Sci. Amer. Aug. 85/1 The increased probability of recall for the first few words in the list is called the primacy effect.

2003 Mid-Amer. Jrnl. Business (Nexis) 18 62 The reality of this degree of poor customer service is that many customers are unforgiving due to the primacy effect (when a strong and lasting impression is based solely on the initial encounter).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	primacy
释义	primacyn. Brit. /ˈprʌɪməsi/, U.S. /ˈpraɪməsi/ Forms: Middle English prymacye, Middle English–1500s primacye, Middle English–1600s primacie, Middle English– primacy, 1500s primatie, 1500s prymacie; Scottish pre-1700 premiecie, pre-1700 primacie, pre-1700 primasie, pre-1700 prymacie, 1700s– primacy. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French primacie; Latin primatia. Etymology: In sense 1 < Anglo-Norman primacie precedence, supremacy (13th–14th cent., with reference to the supremacy of the Archbishop of Canterbury over other bishops; < primas , primat primate n.¹ + -ie -y suffix³, after post-classical Latin primatia office of primate: see below). In sense 2 < post-classical Latin primatia office of primate (frequently c1170–16th cent. in British sources; < primat- , primas primate n.¹ + -ia -y suffix³); compare -acy suffix. Compare Old French, French †primacie (now primatie; also Middle French, French †primace) dignity of a primate (13th cent. in Old French, subsequently from the beginning of the 16th cent.), pre-eminence, superiority (1480 as primace), see of a primate (1549 as primace), and also Spanish primacia (late 13th cent. or earlier), Italian primazia (1363). 1. a. The state or position of being first in order, rank, importance, or authority; the fact of being more or most important; the first or chief place; pre-eminence, precedence, superiority. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > surpassing excellence > [noun] pricea1275 sovereigntyc1340 primacyc1384 sublimityc1429 vassalagec1430 precellence?a1439 pre-excellencec1450 pre-eminencec1460 superexcellencec1475 chief1519 pre-eminency1523 greaterness1540 precellency1557 superexcellency?1563 divinenessa1586 superancya1586 sublimenessa1599 pre-excellency1603 especialness1614 transcendencea1616 transcendency1615 transcendentness1625 top1627 antecellency1657 quality1665 transcendingness1730 transcendentalism1841 surpassingness1879 transcendentality1881 the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > pre-eminence > [noun] primacyc1384 principalitya1398 pre-eminencec1460 principalness1530 supremacy1579 firsthood1619 transeminency1660 supremeness1665 primality1667 giantship1847 premiership1850 supremity1882 society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > primate > [noun] > office of primacyc1384 primalty?a1400 primateship?1570 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Coloss. i. 18 The firste bigetun of deede men, that he be holdinge primacie [L. primatum], or the firste dignyte in alle thingis. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 3 (MED) He þat desiriþ primacy in ȝerþ schal fynd confusion in heuen, and he schal not be countid among þe seruaunts of Crist þat tretiþ of primacy. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 249/2 The blessid laurence is he that after Saynt Stephen ought to holde the prymacye. 1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. K3^v I grant the prince to haue the soueraigntie and primacie ouer the church of God, within his dominions. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. vii. §3. 335 In after-times it [sc. Tyre] contended with Zidon for Primacie. a1677 I. Barrow Treat. Pope's Supremacy (1680) 42 There are severall kinds of Primacy,..1. A Primacy of Worth or Personal excellency [etc.]. 1723 H. Rowlands Mona Antiqua Restaurata xii. 245 There are..Monuments of all sorts,..many of which..bid fair for that Primacy of Seat and Residence. 1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio I. 341 All this theatrical primacy..is your work. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. 160 The earlier appearance and established primacy of the Tuscan poets. 1885 Manch. Examiner 7 Apr. 4/4 The position of primacy which England sustains among the commercial communities of the world. 1935 H. A. L. Fisher Europe 171 It was contended..that Christ had given to St Peter the primacy over the Apostles. 1967 G. Steiner Lang. & Silence 399 Trotsky acknowledged Lenin's primacy and uncanny political acumen. 1993 Australian 22 July 19/6 The company recognised the small investors' primacy in the issue's success. b. Psychology. The fact of an item having been encountered first by a subject, esp. as a factor increasing its likelihood of being remembered. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > process of perception > [noun] > predominance of certain impressions recency1891 primacy1896 1896 M. W. Calkins in Psychol. Rev. Monogr. Suppl. I. ii. 35 Ordinary self-observation has..enumerated frequency, recency, vividness..and primacy (the earliest position in a definite series of events) as the factors of interest. 1913 C. E. Seashore Psychol. in Daily Life v. 151 Familiar illustrations of the secondary or quantitative laws are (1) the law of primacy: other things being equal, the first impression will be the most effective. 1953 C. I. Hovland et al. Communication & Persuasion iv. 117 Experimental psychology for a long time postulated a Law of Primacy and a Law of Recency. 2000 Learning & Memory 7 48 Primacy is not as well understood, but many hypotheses contend that initial items are better encoded into long-term memory because they have had more opportunity to be rehearsed. 2. Christian Church. a. The office, period of office, or authority of a primate (cf. primate n.¹ 1a). Also: supreme authority over the Church; spiritual leadership (esp. in reference to the Pope). ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > archbishop > [noun] > see archbishopric994 arch-see1622 primacy1746 archdiocese1845 a1475 (a1447) O. Bokenham Mappula Angliae in Englische Studien (1887) 10 25 (MED) The iii dygnyte of primacye, the wch was at Caerhust, was translatyd from þense to Meneuye. 1544 R. Tracy Supplycacion to Kynge Henry VIII sig. Bv Bookes whiche..write agaynste y^e byshop of Romes prymacy. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Pref. The office of ane Archbischop and general primacie of yis kirk of Scotland. 1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie (1636) i. iii. 174 They yeild a Primacie to the Pope, if he be Orthodox, but no Supremacie. 1641 S. Marshall et al. Answer Hvmble Remonstr. (1653) Post. 87 The Archbishop..spends the rest of his dayes in a long contention..with York about Primacie. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 566 They declared themselves for abolishing the Papal authority, and for reducing the Pope to the old Primacy again. 1746 G. Berkeley Let. 12 Sept. in Wks. (1871) IV. 311 The Primacy or Archbishopric of Dublin, if offered, might have tempted me. 1833 Tracts for Times No. 15. 5 Rome has ever had what is called the primacy of the Christian Churches. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. v. 304 The primacy fell to the lot of Sigeric, Bishop of Ramsbury. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 565/1 After holding several livings in the north of Ireland he was made bishop of Derry and Raphoe in 1867, and was elevated to the primacy in 1896. 1946 J. C. Davies Episcopal Acts Welsh Dioceses 1066–1272 I. i. iii. 44 The primacy of Canterbury..was but loosely and fitfully accepted, and..generally its metropolitancy was not acknowledged or its authority obeyed. 1991 A. Hourani Hist. Arab Peoples iii. xiv. 242 There were two lines of patriarchs and bishops in the Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch, one recognizing the primacy of the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, the other..accepting the authority of the Pope. †b. Christian Church. The area ruled over by a primate. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > primate > [noun] > see of primacy1552 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Pref. (heading) Within the boundis of al our hail primacie of Scotland. 1807 G. Chalmers Caledonia I. iii. viii. 428 The church of Dunkeld appears to have formed the primacy of Dunkeld. Compounds primacy principle n. Psychology = primacy effect n. ΚΠ 1959 W. H. Lambert & S. Fillenbaum in S. Saporta & J. R. Bastian Psycholinguistics (1961) 457/1 The European cases in most instances fail to support either a primacy or a habit strength principle. 1982 Jrnl. Consumer Res. 9 215/1 When people are asked to learn lists of items, those at the beginning are learned best (primacy principle). 2001 Electric Perspectives (Nexis) 26 30 The primacy principle is so strong that it takes at least seven positive experiences to overcome a first negative impression. primacy effect n. Psychology the effect whereby, other things being equal, an object seen first tends to be remembered over and above any encountered subsequently (cf. sense 1b). ΚΠ 1935 E. G. Boring et al. Psychology Index 547 Primacy effect. 1971 Sci. Amer. Aug. 85/1 The increased probability of recall for the first few words in the list is called the primacy effect. 2003 Mid-Amer. Jrnl. Business (Nexis) 18 62 The reality of this degree of poor customer service is that many customers are unforgiving due to the primacy effect (when a strong and lasting impression is based solely on the initial encounter). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1384
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