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proctorn.1 Origin: A variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: procurator n.1 Etymology: Originally a variant of procurator n.1 (with full or partial loss of the second and third syllables), now usually distinguished in form in the senses below. Compare proxy n., and also forms at procure v.Earliest attested as a surname (see quot. 1301 at sense 1a). Compare the following examples of post-classical Latin procurator in sense 5a with reference to the universities of Oxford or Cambridge (for examples with reference to other medieval universities see procurator n.1):1248 in H. Rashdall Universities of Europe in Middle Ages (1895) II. 369 (note) Presentibus apud Woodstocke tam procuratoribus scolarium universitatis quam Burgensibus Oxon.c1250 in H. Anstey Munimenta Academica Oxf. (1868) I. 12 De assensu Cancellarii et Procuratorum Universitatis.1257 in Munimenta Academica Oxf. (1868) 30 Faciant Procuratores congregationem fieri, quæ ultra triduum non differatur.1314–15 Rolls of Parl. I. 327/1 Quotiens..per Cancellarium & Procuratores Universitatis fuerint premuniti.1407 in H. Anstey Munimenta Academica Oxf. (1868) I. 237 Magister Ricardus Flemmyng, Canonicus ecclesiæ cathedralis Eboracensis, et Procurator borealis Universitatis antedictæ.1411–12 Rolls of Parl. III. 651/2 Visitatio Cancellarii ac Procuratorum dicte Universitatis..necnon omnium Doctorum, Magistrorum, regentium et non regentium, ac Scolarium ejusdem Universitatis. With proctor of the clergy (see sense 7) compare post-classical Latin procurator cleri, procurator de clero (15th cent. in British sources). 1. society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > one who acts for another society > faith > church government > monasticism > monastic functionary > hordarian (in charge of property) > [noun] 1301 in W. Brown (1894) 35 (MED) Johanna la Proketour. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) l. 1596 May I nat axe a libel..And answere there by my procutour [v.rr. procatour(e, proctour; c1410 Harl. 7334 procuratour] To swiche thyng as men wole opposen me? c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 396 Thei schulden be punyschid..in her procutour or attorney occupiyng..in her names. c1450 Form Excommun. (Douce 60) in G. Kristensson (1974) 104 (MED) We accorsen..alle þat consenten there-to in harmyn of the person or of þe Vicar or here proctoures [v.r. proketoures]. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane f. ccclxv Others..whan they had obtained licence, sente theyr Proctours. 1643 W. Prynne App. 206 But he neither vouchsafed to appeare, nor yet to send any one to us in the name of a Proctor. 1925 G. G. Coulton tr. in ii. 15 Choice hath been made by Jeannin Tixier, proctor of the lord of Chauvigny, and brother Guillaume Bachoux proctor of the abbot and convent of La Préhée. society > authority > delegated authority > one having delegated or derived authority > [noun] > steward or bailiff in charge of another's property a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xv. 2 Þe sonne of the proctour [a1425 L.V. procuratour; L. procuratoris] of myn house..schall be myn eyre. ?c1430 J. Wyclif (1880) 279 (MED) Riches of gold & siluer & riche vesselis..ben pore mennus goodis, & clerkis ben not lordis of hem but proctours, to spende hem trewely in pore mennus nedis. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 389 (MED) The lord of the vyner..seide to his procutour thus, ‘Clepe thou the werkmen.’ 1538 J. London in T. Wright (1843) 215 We founde the prior of the Charterhowse in hys shortt gowen and velvytt cappe..and the proctor of that howse in lyke apparell. 1565–78 T. Cooper Castaldius, a proctor: a steward: a baily. society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > fixed proportion dues or taxes > [noun] > tithe > collector of c1425 Edward, Duke of York (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 111 (MED) Than shuld þe maister of þe game..tithe alle þe deer..and delyuere it to þe procatours of þe chirch þat owen to haue it. 1465 Acct. in (1907) 13 52 (MED) The accomptes of John Kyng and John Benet..Proctours or Yconomi of the prebendal Chirche of Thame. a1500 (?c1378) J. Wyclif (1880) 455 (MED) It is nouȝt to bigile god & make an vnhable man persoun þat cannot on herdis cure..al ȝif he gedere bi a proctour þe fruytis, as offeringis and dymes. 1607 J. Cowell sig. Fff3/2 Procurator, is vsed for him that gathereth the fruites of a benefice for another man... They are at this day in the West parts called Proctors. a1630 F. Moryson in (1903) iii. vi. 288 Both Ministers and Bishops non resident sent to theire remote liuings only Procters to gather theire tythes and profitts. 1780 A. Young (Dublin ed.) I. 217 Tythes..were a real grievance; the proctors let the first, and perhaps the second year with them run by bond. 1817 M. Edgeworth I. xvi. 350 No doubt he'll soon be over here, or his proctor, looking for the tithes. a1842 W. Maginn (1857) II. 111 If, just out of fun, we would venture a snap At no more than a proctor, we're thrown into trap. society > authority > office > holder of office > Roman magistrates and officials > [noun] > procurator a1400 (a1325) (Gött.) 16023 (MED) Þai gederid..And sent to pilate, þair procketur [a1400 Vesp. procuratur]. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 391 Felix was..made the proctor [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. procuratour; L. procurator] of the Iewes. 1520 iv. f. 28/2 Pontius Pilate was Judge and proctour in the Jury under the Emperoure. a1538 A. Abell Roit or Quheill of Tyme f. 31 v, in 275/1 And..passit aganis the Romanis in batell &..slew the legat & Hircy the imperouris procutor. the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager a1413 in (1548) f. xxi We Henry Percy erle of Northumberland..Henry Percy our eldest sonne..and Thomas Percy erle of Worcester beyng proctours and protectours of the comon wealth. ?a1425 (?a1350) T. Castleford (1940) 21480 (MED) Lucius tiberion so fre, Proketour of romes dignite, To arthur kyng in britaine lendes. a1500 tr. Thomas à Kempis (Trin. Dublin) (1893) 40 (MED) Whan þou hast crist..he shal be þi prouisour, þy true procutour in all þinges. 1548 E. Gest sig. Aiii Whether he bee an hartie hearer or proctour of the sayd masse. c1560 T. Becon sig. B.vii The fyrste promotors & chyefe proctors to haue Images in Churches. 1591 R. Southwell f. 56,1 Thy tears were the proctors for thy brothers life. 1608 E. Topsell 252 Imputing that to the Patron and Proctor some-times of Musick, which ought rather to be attributed to Musicke it selfe. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto (1663) xxvii. 106 This hard proceeding much astonished these two Proctors for the poor. society > law > legal profession > lawyer > [noun] > legal representative or agent > attorney society > law > administration of justice > one who administers justice > an officer of the court > [noun] > other officers of specific courts society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > [noun] > officer of ?a1425 (a1415) (Harl.) (1917) 133 (MED) In þis chirche ben auditours, resceyuours, tresoureris, procatours, iuggis, & alle þat accepten persoones for a cause inpertinent. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden (Harl. 2261) (1871) III. 201 Promisenge to hym a grete summe of moneye in that day he scholde be a proctor a fore a iuge and haue þe victory in his causes. a1538 T. Starkey (1989) 56 Procturys & brokarys of both lawys..are to many. 1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil viii. ii. 145 Pius the II..instituted the new College of Solicitors & Proctors by whose Counsaill and aduise all bulles and grauntes wer made. 1603 §133 The loud and confused cries and clamours of proctors in the courts of the archbishop are..troublesome and offensive to the judges and advocates. 1605–6 c. 5 §6 No Recusant convict shall..practise the Common Lawe..as a Councellor, Clerke, Attourney, or Sollicitor..nor shall practise the Civill Lawe as Advocate or Proctor. 1694 W. Congreve iv. i. 55 I have a Cousin that's a Proctor in the Commons. 1726 J. Ayliffe 53 [They]..speak to the Merits of a Cause, after the Proctor has prepared and instructed the same for a Hearing before the Judge. 1776 A. Smith II. v. ii. 480 Sergeants, attornies, and proctors at law, who in the first poll-tax were assessed at three shillings in the pound of their supposed income, were afterwards assessed as gentlemen. View more context for this quotation 1849 C. Dickens (1850) xxiii. 242 ‘What is a proctor, Steerforth?’ said I. ‘Why, he is a sort of monkish attorney... He is, to some faded courts held in Doctors' Commons..what solicitors are to the courts of law and equity.’ 1860 c. 144 §5 In every case of a petition for a dissolution of marriage it shall be lawful for the Court..to direct all necessary papers in the matter to be sent to Her Majesty's Proctor, who shall..instruct counsel to argue before the Court any question in relation to such matter. 1899 21 Proctors in the Vice-Chancellor's Court. William Henry Walsh [etc.], Solicitors. 1908 181/2 Treasury..Department of Solicitor to the Treasury, Director of Public Prosecutions and King's Proctor. 1960 12 Feb. 5/5 The suit..was adjourned for the assistance of legal argument by the Queen's Proctor as amicus curiae. 1998 P. Mason & D. Smith App. i. 133 The Queen's Proctor may also initiate investigations if between the decree nisi and the decree absolute there is reason to do so. 5. society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > proctor society > education > educational administration > university administration > [noun] > procurator c1447 in H. Anstey (1868) I. 262 Writ at Oxon in oure congregation..special oratours, Chancellar, proctours, regentes, & non-regentes, of the Universite of Oxon. 1469 in H. Ellis (1846) 3rd Ser. I. 98 (MED) Please you to wite that amongs tharrerages of thaccomptes of the Prouctours that haue been of this Vniuersitie of Oxonford, remayneth..c s. hangyng apon the name of..your Brother. 1536 R. Morison 16 In Oxford..the name of the northern, and southerne proctour, hath been the cause, that many men haue ben slayne. 1536 in W. H. Turner (1880) 136 Ye Proctor did thrust his pole-axe at him. 1573 G. Harvey (1884) 7 M. Alin, then and now senior proctor. 1615 T. Overbury et al. (6th impr.) sig. G7v Uniuersity iests are his vniuersall discourse, and his newes the demeanour of the Proctors. 1663 A. Wood (1891) I. 495, 16 Masters in proctors' gownes. a1667 A. Cowley Elegy on J. Littleton in (1711) III. 50 He..might find A little Academy in his mind; Where..Reason, and Holy Fear the Proctors were, To apprehend those words, those Thoughts that err. 1702 A. Charlett in (1879) VI. 251 At a weekly meeting, which by our statutes is every Monday, consisting of the V.C., Heads of Colleges and Halls, and the two Proctors, I moved [etc.]. 1714 J. Ayliffe II. iii. i. 132 The Senior Proctor mounts the Pew on the West Side of the [Sheldonian] Theatre, and the Junior Proctor the Pew opposite to him to on the East Side. 1797 140 Proctors are two officers chosen annually from the regent masters of arts on the 10th of October: they are called proctors, from their managing (procurandis) the affairs and business of the university, and also rectors from their superintending or governing (regendis) the schools. 1841 G. Peacock 24 The two proctors,..after the chancellor or vice-chancellor were the most important administrative officers in the university. They were chosen annually by the regents. 1863 ‘Ouida’ I. iii. 72 Having been shown up before the proctor on no less than six separate occasions, I got rusticated in my fourth term. 1895 H. Rashdall II. 121 [At Montpellier] as at Oxford, the Masters are more directly represented by two Proctors, the office circulating among them. The functions of these Proctors were primarily financial, as originally were those of the Proctors of Paris and Oxford. 1895 H. Rashdall II. 298 [At St Andrews] The Masters and students—divided into the Four Nations of Fife, Lothian, Angus, and Britain, each with its Proctor—elected the Rector. 1899 p. xxiii Cycle for the nomination of proctors... 1899. Trinity, Jesus. 1900. Merton, Lincoln [etc.]. 1948 P. Kibre i. 17 Possibly a still earlier indication of the nations may be found in the letter of 1219 when the proctors, officials who became the heads of the nations, are named in relation to the faculty of arts in a financial capacity. 1969 30 Discipline outside colleges is the responsibility of two Proctors. 1993 D. C. Reece iv. 21 The Senior Proctor, a faculty member burdened with the task of laying hands on miscreant undergraduates. society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > examiner > invigilator 1814 7 The Regent and proctors, shall reside in the College. 1829 336/1 The Proctor is required to make a monthly report..of any matters relating to the students or hotel-keepers which may be worthy of being noticed. 1877 (Harvard Univ.) 23 Feb. 1/2 Certainly it is annoying to have proctors in squeaking boots walking up and down an examination-room. 1921 14 Jan. 1/3 As long as we have the honor system in our exams and proctors are not there to maintain absolute quiet, there will be a temptation to whisper. 1971 85 139 Proctors..distributed pencils and booklets. 2005 (Electronic ed.) 25 Sept. He returned to the school at the end of the 1970s to work as a proctor, essentially policing the boys. the mind > possession > poverty > mendicancy > [noun] > beggar > licensed beggar 1529 T. More i. f. iiii And they be also our proctoures and beg in our name, and in our name receaue your money. 1538 A. Fitzherbert 102 b Al proctours and pardoners goinge about without sufficient auctorite..shalbe punyshed by whyppynge. 1567 T. Harman (new ed.) sig. Di Proctors and Factors all of Spyttlehouses. 1575 J. Awdely (new ed.) sig. B4 Proctour is he, that will tary long, and bring a lye, when his Maister sendeth him on his errand. 1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. iii. v. f. 107/2, in R. Holinshed I Among roges and idle persons..we finde to be comprised al Proctors that go vp and downe with counterfeict licences. 1630 T. Dekker iv. i. 199 Y'are best get a clap-dish, and say y'are Proctor to some Spittle-house. 1742 II. 1208/1 To the miserable Objects of which [hospital], Edward the Sixth..appointed John Miles their Proctor. 1977 J. T. Kelly App. vii. 166 License to the proctor of a house of lazars to gather alms for the inmates. society > faith > church government > council > cathedral dignitaries > [noun] > proctor 1587 J. Hooker Chron. Ireland 122/1 in (new ed.) II The bishop ought..to summon and warne all deanes and archdeacons within his diocesse to appeere in proper person at the parlement, vnlesse they haue some sufficient and reasonable cause of absence, in which case he may appeere by his proctor, hauing a warrant or proxie for the same. 1607 J. Cowell sig. Fff2v/2 Procters of the clergie..are those which are chosen and appointed to appeare for cathedrall, or other Collegiat churches, as also for the common clergie of euery Dioces, at the Parlament, whose choice is in this sort [etc.]. a1634 E. Coke (1648) iv. i. 5 The Proctors of the Clergy..were voicelesse Assistants;..and having no voices, and so many learned Bishops having voices, their presence is not now holden necessary. 1710 J. Strype vii. 67 With Commandment that he should cite the Dean of S. Paul's, and his Archdeacons, to appear in their own Persons, and the Chapter to appear by one Proctor, and the Clergy of his Diocese by Two. 1784 in F. Atterbury III. 122 (note) Zacheus, D.D. Proctor in Convocation for the Clergy of London. 1823 J. Lingard VI. 421 To elude the opposition of the clergy, their proctors, who had hitherto voted in the Irish parliaments, were by a declaratory act pronounced to be nothing more than assistants, whose advice might be received, but whose assent was not required. 1875 W. Stubbs II. xiv. 129 The archbishops and bishops are to bring [to Parliament] one proctor for the clergy of each cathedral, and two for the clergy of each diocese. 1878 W. Stubbs (ed. 2) III. xx. 447 On the occasions on which the clerical proctors are known to have attended, their action is insignificant, and those occasions are very few. 1888 20 744 In the Northern Convocation the parochial clergy are and have been for centuries represented by two proctors from each archdeaconry within the province of York. 1944 59 430 Stone.., through being drawn into the Lower House of Canterbury Convocation as a proctor of the clergy of the diocese of Oxford, was able to exercise a very considerable influence upon some of the major ecclesiastical issues of the day. 1983 K. M. MacMorran & K. J. T. Elphinstone ii. 7 A Lower House of inferior clergy, composed in part of ex-officio members (deans, archdeacons and others), and in part of proctors (i.e. elected representatives) for cathedral chapters and for the beneficed clergy. 2000 (ed. 6) 171 Proctors of the clergy..shall be elected in accordance with the..provisions of this Canon. 2004 (Nexis) 29 Sept. 66 From 1960 to 1980 Lockley was a diocesan proctor in the Convocation of Canterbury and a member of the Church Assembly and then the General Synod. Compounds 1869 A. Trollope I. xi. 89 He had taken by the throat a proctor's bull-dog when he had been drunk at Oxford..and had been expelled. 1935 D. L. Sayers xii. 257 The Proctor's bull-dogs..had come through the archway at a smart trot. 1965 J. Morris x. 138 An undergraduate falling off a punt, or the bells of Osney Abbey, or a raindrop falling on an elf, or a Proctor's Bulldog chasing an undergraduate across Christ Church meadows. 1984 (Nexis) 15 Nov. The protest at the Garden House Hotel, Cambridge, in 1970, when..seven were imprisoned and two sent to Borstal after police and proctor's ‘bulldogs’—their private police force going back 755 years—were injured. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Prol. 6 We, unworthier, told Of college: he had climb'd across the spikes,..And he had breathed the Proctor's dogs. Derivatives society > education > educational administration > university administration > [adjective] > proctor 1573 G. Harvey (1884) 47 Saiing in his Proctors vois that I shuld read no lecture there; as he bi his Proctoral autoriti had suspendid me before. 1964 16 Mar. 7/1 The proctoral Syndicate and other colleges would be approached in this connexion. 1997 K. Fincham in N. Tyacke IV. 198 Pembroke's attempt to regulate the proctoral elections was opposed by a group in convocation. 1738 T. Gray Let. 5 Sept. in (1971) I. 90 The University has..created half a dozen new little procterlings to see its orders executed. society > education > educational administration > university administration > [adjective] > proctor 1601 J. Deacon & J. Walker 64 Howsoeuer your selfe may haply stand in some neede of a proctorly bribe: my cause, it standes in no neede of bribe-pursing. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). Proctorn.2Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Proctor. Etymology: < the name of Robert George Collier Proctor (1863–1903), English bibliographer, who began the Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum (1898 –1938). Bibliography. society > communication > book > book list > [noun] > action of listing or cataloguing books > specific systems > assigned number in Proctor's index 1904 A. W. Pollard in 5 22 I think it was Baer of Frankfurt who first gave the author the pleasure of seeing a ‘Proctor number’ quoted side by side with that of Hain. 1920 11 98 He gives the Steinsch. number for the first, the Proctor number for the second. 1960 O. V. Cook Pref. p. xi The Proctor number appears at the right of each entry. society > communication > book > book list > [noun] > action of listing or cataloguing books > specific systems 1931 M. B. Stillwell 22 In the majority of instances, it will be found that Proctor's order prevails in whatever place-entry bibliography one may wish to consult. 1934 A. Esdaile i. 18 Incunabula..gathered by Robert Proctor into one room..and arranged by order of countries, towns, presses, and date, an arrangement now often called ‘Proctor order’. 1952 J. Carter 143 Proctor's order, the classification of early printed books, on scientific typographical principles, by country, town and printer. 1967 N. S. M. Cox & M. W. Grose 137 Since the end of the last century it has been customary to catalogue incunables in ‘Proctor Order’. 1976 29 1 His is arranged in ‘Proctor-order’, i.e., by countries, towns, and presses, while mine is in ‘Goff-order’, i.e., a straightforward alphabetical order under authors. 2005 M. Coates et al. p. lxxi Jolliffe..clearly wished to adopt a more ‘contemporary’ approach, by using an alphabetical rather than a ‘Proctor’ order. society > communication > book > book list > [noun] > action of listing or cataloguing books > specific systems 1955 May 229/1 Henry Bradshaw..arranged the books in what he called his natural history method in bibliography; it meant the arrangement and classification of them as natural objects are classified. This arrangement is now popularly known as the Proctor method. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). proctorv. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: proctor n.1 Etymology: < proctor n.1 In sense 1 apparently after proctor n.1 6 (compare quot. a1825 at sense 1). With sense 3 compare earlier proctoring n., proctored adj. Compare also proctorize v. ?c1730 J. Haynes Dorsetshire Vocab. in (1883) 21 July 45/1 To proctor, to scold or lord it. a1825 R. Forby (1830) Proctor, to hector, swagger, bully... The Proctors connected with this verb were..sturdy beggars. the mind > language > speech > request > request or ask for [verb (transitive)] > urge or plead (one's cause, etc.) 1747 W. Warburton VII. 216 (note) Project signifies to invent a cause, not to plead it; which is the sense required here. It is plain we should read, I cannot procter my own cause so well. The technical term, to plead by an advocate. society > education > educational administration > university administration > [verb (intransitive)] > proctor 1921 2 Dec. 2/2 I don't think there is anyone who wishes to go back to the old arrangement of being proctored by the faculty. 1960 26 Apr. 12/5 I don't think even 1 per cent cheated, for I proctored my examinations like a hawk. 2004 (Nexis) 15 Aug. 1 b I help counselors with..school-to-work programs, with mock interviews, or proctoring exams. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < |
