1703 J. Moyle Experienced Chirurgion iv. xxvii. 259 The Flex or Motion and Action of the Hand and Fingers will be..exceedingly debilitated; and the Pronate Action of the Carpus greatly impaired.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. vi. 47 Such turf, where the tree growths of more favored regions have become pronate and vine-like.

1898 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 190 118 The pronate position of the fore-limb.

1938 S. Beckett Murphy ii. 24 He raised his left hand..and seated it pronate on the crown of his skull.

1956 Sci. Monthly Jan. 34/2 Another primitive feature is the preservation of pronation and supination of the forelimb in man, as opposed to the fixation of the pronate position of the radius and ulna in other mammalian orders.

1976 Amer. J. Bot. 63 259 The somewhat flattened style branches of perfect disk florets characteristically unfold and spread in a pronate, rather than a supinate manner.

2004 Times (Nexis) 19 Nov. 31 Earlier Miocene fossils had a pronate posture.

1829 Lancet 29 Aug. 681/1 The surgeon can convert this opposing band of ligament into an auxilliary in the attempt at reduction by forcibly pronating the hand.

1849–52 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. ii. 1517/1 The patient is unwilling to attempt to pronate or supinate his hand.

1860 J. E. Erichsen Sci. & Art Surg. (new ed.) 255 The arm and hand can be fully pronated, but cannot be supinated more than half way.

1930 H. G. Newth Marshall & Hurst's Junior Course Pract. Zool. (ed. 11) xiii. 327 Now pronate the hand, turning it through 180°, so that the thumb is brought to the inner side, and the palm directed downwards.

1951 Amer. Midl. Nat. 45 658 Since a talpid cannot pronate the hand to turn it at right angles to undertake such a digging stroke, the humerus must be rotated instead.

1988 Biol. Jrnl. Linn. Soc. 34 283 Without a sternum Archaeopteryx might well have been able to depress the wing, but is unlikely to have been able to pronate it.

1911 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 22 79 In spite of the..spasticity of the left arm, he could spontaneously lift it above his head, flex, extend, pronate, supinate,..and give a fair grasp.

1950 L. E. Morehouse & J. M. Cooper Kinesiology iv. 99 Exceptional instances in which feet do not pronate have been reported.

1984 Which? June 274/1 It's perfectly possible to pronate on one foot and supinate on the other!

2002 A. Hakim & G. Clunie Oxf. Handbk. Rheumatol. 135 As weight is transferred forwards the foot plantar flexes and pronates.

1887 Mind 12 23 Pronating movements..are frequently indulged in when the back of the fore-arm feels an object against it.

1978 G. A. Sheehan Running & Being xi. 158 The pronating or flattening foot sets up stresses and torques.

2004 R. Daniels Nursing Fundamentals xxvii. 643 To assess rapid alternate movements of the upper extremities, ask the client to alternately pat her knees with rapid supinating and pronating of the hands.