progenitorn.

Brit.

/prə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnᵻtə/, U.S.

/prəˈdʒɛnədər/,

/proʊˈdʒɛnədər/

Forms: Middle English progenetour, Middle English progenytor (in a late copy), Middle English proginator, Middle English–1500s progenytour, Middle English–1600s progenitour, Middle English– progenitor, 1500s progennytor, 1500s proienitour, 1600s projenitor; Scottish pre-1700 progenatour, pre-1700 progenetour, pre-1700 progenitore, pre-1700 progenitour, pre-1700 progenitoure, pre-1700 progeniture, pre-1700 1700s– progenitor.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French progenitour, progeniteur; Latin prōgenitor.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman progenitour and Middle French progeniteur (1347; French progéniteur ) and its etymon classical Latin prōgenitor person from whom another person or family is descended, ancestor, in post-classical Latin also spiritual predecessor (4th cent.) < prōgenit- , past participial stem of prōgignere to beget ( < prō- pro- prefix¹ + gignere to beget: see genital adj.) + -or -or suffix. Compare Old Occitan progenitor (1307 as projenitor), Spanish progenitor (second half of the 14th cent.), Portuguese progenitor (1460), Italian progenitore (a1348).

1. A person from whom another is descended; an ancestor, a forefather; a parent.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > ancestor > [noun]

elder-fathereOE

fatherOE

elder971

alderOE

eldfatherOE

forme-fadera1200

ancestorc1300

grandsirec1300

aiela1325

belsirea1325

predecessora1325

forefather1377

morea1382

progenitorc1384

antecessorc1400

forn-fatherc1460

forebear1488

ancient1540

antecestrec1550

fore-grandsirec1550

grandfather1575

ascendant1604

forerunnera1616

ancienter1654

tupuna1845

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Tim. i. 3 I do thankyngis to my God, to whom I serue fro my progenitours [a1425 L.V. progenytouris; L. progenitoribus].

c1435 B. Burgh Cato in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1905) 115 323 Goodis, that be youen the of nature, Comethe eek of thy progenytours.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos Prol. 4 The most renommed of alle his noble progenytours.

1542 H. Brinkelow Lamentacion sig. Di Let them consider..how tyrannously the busshoppes kyngdome hath vsed their proienitours kynges of England.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 962 The Athenians maintained that he [sc. Apollo] was their progenitor.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. To Rdr. sig. 4^v The English-Saxons tongue which our Progenitors the English spake.

1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal i. v. 29 The inquisitive disceptators of this Age..who with their altercation and Ergo's had turned out of their Creed the Amen of their Progenitors.

1744 S. Johnson Deb. Senate Lilliput in Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 22 Another Principle of Government which the Wisdom of our Progenitors established, was to suppress Vice with the utmost Diligence.

1785 W. Cowper Task iii, in Poems (1808) II. 78 But foolish man forgoes his proper bliss, Ev'n as his first progenitor.

1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. vii. 251 Their fabulous progenitor, Thessalus, was called by some a son of Hercules.

1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. xlvii. 140 Fancy might have regarded the act as the recrudescence of a trick in which her mailed progenitors were not unpractised.

1927 W. Cather Death comes for Archbishop Prol. 10 When my progenitor was an old man, along came one of these missionary priests from New Spain, begging.

1965 M. Spark Mandelbaum Gate (1967) iv. 94 A Syrian of mixed Arab and Norman stock, the progenitor of the blue-eyed children.

2002 E. A. Gargan River's Tale x. 300 It was these two pairs who were the progenitors of the south, the youngest pair of children becoming the ancestors of the Khmer people.

2. figurative.

a. A spiritual, political, or intellectual predecessor; a person who is taken as a model or inspiration by another.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > a pattern or model of conduct > specifically a person

progenitor1577

samplea1616

role model1947

1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. vi. xiii. 104 We take them for our progenitors who going before, haue taught vs they [sic] waye to followe after.

1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Epistles xvii. 121 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) All these Worthy Men are our Progenitors; if we will but..become their Disciples.

1829 S. Shaw Hist. Staffs. Potteries i. 14 Their successors..have completed a celebrious superstructure every way worthy the talents of their eminent progenitors.

1862 F. D. Maurice Mod. Philos. viii. §58. 500 The modern ideologists have claimed him as their progenitor.

1925 Amer. Mercury May 58/1 Septimus Piesse was, I think, the progenitor of the long line of psychologists, playwrights, and other luses naturae who imagine that the sense of smell is a reliable aid to memory.

1932 ‘N. Shute’ Lonely Road ii. 30 His flight showed a profit of six hundred per cent. on the capital involved, an achievement only comparable with that of his progenitor, Sir Francis Drake.

1962 P. Mortimer Pumpkin Eater xxiv. 148 His father had been the progenitor of Jake's whole world, its prime example.

2004 Smithsonian July 108/2 If..today's practitioners belong to a post-ideological order of public biography, their ancient progenitor, Plutarch, represents the pre-ideological origins of the form.

b. The original of which something is a copy, or from which it is derived.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun]

pattern1324

exemplara1382

examplec1425

mould1549

prototype1552

last1573

prototypon1586

precedent1597

archetype1605

protoplast1612

idea1648

protype1656

progenitor1790

roughout1913

1790 E. Malone Hist. Acct. Eng. Stage in Plays & Poems Shakspeare I. ii. 118 The Exodiarii and Emboliariæ of the Mimes are undoubtedly the remote progenitors of the Vice and Clown of our ancient dramas.

1875 F. H. A. Scrivener 6 Lect. Text New Test. 5 Two several manuscripts which sprang from the same progenitor.

1883 Glasgow Weekly Herald 5 May 3/2 What are precedents, and how do they originate without progenitors?

1927 Dental Cosmos 69 951 The next application [of porcelain to dental restoration]..was the so-called porcelain veneer crown which was the progenitor of the present highly perfected porcelain-jacket crown.

1963 P. Drackett Motor Rallying i. 9 The true progenitor of the rally was the reliability trial.

2004 Daily Tel. 1 Oct. 22/8 The Kinks' first number one, the progenitor of riff-rock You Really Got Me from 1964, emerged out of a keyboard blues jam and a tinny amplifier.

3. Biology. An ancestral species or variety of an animal or plant; a type of organism from which another has been produced by evolution, breeding, hybridization, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > evolutionary ancestor

progenerator1692

ancestorc1760

monad1826

progenitor1855

protomorph1876

promorph1889

phylembryo1890

protolife1964

1855 R. Owen in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 145 360 Imbued with the principles of the transcendental and transmutative hypotheses.., they regard the great Megatherium and Megalonyx as being not merely predecessors but progenitors of those still lingering remnants of the tardigrade race.

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species v. 135 We may imagine that the early progenitor of the ostrich had habits like those of a bustard.

1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 240 The progenitors of Birds and the progenitors of Man at a very remote period were probably one.

1951 Chambers's Jrnl. Aug. 455/1 Even the gardener, if he be of a botanical turn of mind, recognises many weeds as the progenitors of modern fruits, flowers, and vegetables.

1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) ix. x. 384/2 (table) The nomenclature used..for the domestic species and their wild progenitors follows the Linnean system; for example, Canis familiaris for the dog and Canis lupus for its wild progenitor, the wolf.

4. Biology and Medicine. = precursor n. 4. Also progenitor cell.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > cell > types of cells > [noun] > other types of cells

reticular cell1832

torula1833

reserve cell1842

subcell1844

parenchyma cell1857

pedicel cell1858

nettle cell1870

heterocyst1872

prickle cell1872

angioblast1875

palisade cell1875

sextant1875

spindle cell1876

neuroblast1878

body cell1879

plasma cell1882

reticulum cell1882

stem cell1885

Langhans1886

basal cell1889

pole cell1890

myelocyte1891

statocyst1892

mast cell1893

thrombocyte1893

iridocyte1894

precursor1895

nurse cell1896

amacrine1900

statocyte1900

mononuclear1903

oat cell1903

myeloblast1904

trochoblast1904

adipocyte1906

polynuclear1906

fibrocyte1911

akaryote1920

Rouget cell1922

Sternberg–Reed1922

amphicyte1925

monoblast1925

pericyte1925

promyelocyte1925

pituicyte1930

agamete1932

sympathogonia1934

athrocyte1938

progenitor1938

Reed–Sternberg cell1939

submarginal1941

delta cell1942

mastocyte1947

squame1949

podocyte1954

transformed cell1956

transformant1957

spheroplast1958

pinealocyte1961

immunocyte1963

lactotroph1966

mammotroph1966

minicell1967

proheterocyst1970

myofibroblast1971

cybrid1974

1938 F. J. Lang in H. Downey Handbk. Hematol. III. 2105 The term ‘myeloid metaplasia’ is used in the broad sense to include the appearance outside the bone marrow of progenitors of the several types of blood cells.

1969 F. G. J. Hayhoe & R. J. Flemans Atlas Haematol. Cytol. (1970) i. 7 The proerythroblast is not itself the functional stem cell serving as a self-maintaining progenitor of the normoblast series.

1980 Lancet 16 Feb. 375/1 Our aim was to verify the assumption that NK [= natural killer] cells originated from bone marrow progenitors, as suggested in murine models.

2002 Times 10 Apr. 15/2 We took a piece of cortex less than the size of a pea. What we extracted were neural stem cells or progenitor cells.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	progenitor
释义	progenitorn. Brit. /prə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnᵻtə/, U.S. /prəˈdʒɛnədər/, /proʊˈdʒɛnədər/ Forms: Middle English progenetour, Middle English progenytor (in a late copy), Middle English proginator, Middle English–1500s progenytour, Middle English–1600s progenitour, Middle English– progenitor, 1500s progennytor, 1500s proienitour, 1600s projenitor; Scottish pre-1700 progenatour, pre-1700 progenetour, pre-1700 progenitore, pre-1700 progenitour, pre-1700 progenitoure, pre-1700 progeniture, pre-1700 1700s– progenitor. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French progenitour, progeniteur; Latin prōgenitor. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman progenitour and Middle French progeniteur (1347; French progéniteur ) and its etymon classical Latin prōgenitor person from whom another person or family is descended, ancestor, in post-classical Latin also spiritual predecessor (4th cent.) < prōgenit- , past participial stem of prōgignere to beget ( < prō- pro- prefix¹ + gignere to beget: see genital adj.) + -or -or suffix. Compare Old Occitan progenitor (1307 as projenitor), Spanish progenitor (second half of the 14th cent.), Portuguese progenitor (1460), Italian progenitore (a1348). 1. A person from whom another is descended; an ancestor, a forefather; a parent. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > ancestor > [noun] elder-fathereOE fatherOE elder971 alderOE eldfatherOE forme-fadera1200 ancestorc1300 grandsirec1300 aiela1325 belsirea1325 predecessora1325 forefather1377 morea1382 progenitorc1384 antecessorc1400 forn-fatherc1460 forebear1488 ancient1540 antecestrec1550 fore-grandsirec1550 grandfather1575 ascendant1604 forerunnera1616 ancienter1654 tupuna1845 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 2 Tim. i. 3 I do thankyngis to my God, to whom I serue fro my progenitours [a1425 L.V. progenytouris; L. progenitoribus]. c1435 B. Burgh Cato in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1905) 115 323 Goodis, that be youen the of nature, Comethe eek of thy progenytours. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos Prol. 4 The most renommed of alle his noble progenytours. 1542 H. Brinkelow Lamentacion sig. Di Let them consider..how tyrannously the busshoppes kyngdome hath vsed their proienitours kynges of England. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 962 The Athenians maintained that he [sc. Apollo] was their progenitor. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. To Rdr. sig. 4^v The English-Saxons tongue which our Progenitors the English spake. 1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal i. v. 29 The inquisitive disceptators of this Age..who with their altercation and Ergo's had turned out of their Creed the Amen of their Progenitors. 1744 S. Johnson Deb. Senate Lilliput in Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 22 Another Principle of Government which the Wisdom of our Progenitors established, was to suppress Vice with the utmost Diligence. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii, in Poems (1808) II. 78 But foolish man forgoes his proper bliss, Ev'n as his first progenitor. 1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. vii. 251 Their fabulous progenitor, Thessalus, was called by some a son of Hercules. 1891 T. Hardy Tess of the D'Urbervilles III. xlvii. 140 Fancy might have regarded the act as the recrudescence of a trick in which her mailed progenitors were not unpractised. 1927 W. Cather Death comes for Archbishop Prol. 10 When my progenitor was an old man, along came one of these missionary priests from New Spain, begging. 1965 M. Spark Mandelbaum Gate (1967) iv. 94 A Syrian of mixed Arab and Norman stock, the progenitor of the blue-eyed children. 2002 E. A. Gargan River's Tale x. 300 It was these two pairs who were the progenitors of the south, the youngest pair of children becoming the ancestors of the Khmer people. 2. figurative. a. A spiritual, political, or intellectual predecessor; a person who is taken as a model or inspiration by another. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > a pattern or model of conduct > specifically a person progenitor1577 samplea1616 role model1947 1577 M. Hanmer tr. Bp. Eusebius in Aunc. Eccl. Hist. vi. xiii. 104 We take them for our progenitors who going before, haue taught vs they [sic] waye to followe after. 1678 R. L'Estrange tr. Epistles xvii. 121 in Seneca's Morals Abstracted (1679) All these Worthy Men are our Progenitors; if we will but..become their Disciples. 1829 S. Shaw Hist. Staffs. Potteries i. 14 Their successors..have completed a celebrious superstructure every way worthy the talents of their eminent progenitors. 1862 F. D. Maurice Mod. Philos. viii. §58. 500 The modern ideologists have claimed him as their progenitor. 1925 Amer. Mercury May 58/1 Septimus Piesse was, I think, the progenitor of the long line of psychologists, playwrights, and other luses naturae who imagine that the sense of smell is a reliable aid to memory. 1932 ‘N. Shute’ Lonely Road ii. 30 His flight showed a profit of six hundred per cent. on the capital involved, an achievement only comparable with that of his progenitor, Sir Francis Drake. 1962 P. Mortimer Pumpkin Eater xxiv. 148 His father had been the progenitor of Jake's whole world, its prime example. 2004 Smithsonian July 108/2 If..today's practitioners belong to a post-ideological order of public biography, their ancient progenitor, Plutarch, represents the pre-ideological origins of the form. b. The original of which something is a copy, or from which it is derived. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] pattern1324 exemplara1382 examplec1425 mould1549 prototype1552 last1573 prototypon1586 precedent1597 archetype1605 protoplast1612 idea1648 protype1656 progenitor1790 roughout1913 1790 E. Malone Hist. Acct. Eng. Stage in Plays & Poems Shakspeare I. ii. 118 The Exodiarii and Emboliariæ of the Mimes are undoubtedly the remote progenitors of the Vice and Clown of our ancient dramas. 1875 F. H. A. Scrivener 6 Lect. Text New Test. 5 Two several manuscripts which sprang from the same progenitor. 1883 Glasgow Weekly Herald 5 May 3/2 What are precedents, and how do they originate without progenitors? 1927 Dental Cosmos 69 951 The next application [of porcelain to dental restoration]..was the so-called porcelain veneer crown which was the progenitor of the present highly perfected porcelain-jacket crown. 1963 P. Drackett Motor Rallying i. 9 The true progenitor of the rally was the reliability trial. 2004 Daily Tel. 1 Oct. 22/8 The Kinks' first number one, the progenitor of riff-rock You Really Got Me from 1964, emerged out of a keyboard blues jam and a tinny amplifier. 3. Biology. An ancestral species or variety of an animal or plant; a type of organism from which another has been produced by evolution, breeding, hybridization, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > evolutionary ancestor progenerator1692 ancestorc1760 monad1826 progenitor1855 protomorph1876 promorph1889 phylembryo1890 protolife1964 1855 R. Owen in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 145 360 Imbued with the principles of the transcendental and transmutative hypotheses.., they regard the great Megatherium and Megalonyx as being not merely predecessors but progenitors of those still lingering remnants of the tardigrade race. 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species v. 135 We may imagine that the early progenitor of the ostrich had habits like those of a bustard. 1894 H. Drummond Lowell Lect. Ascent of Man 240 The progenitors of Birds and the progenitors of Man at a very remote period were probably one. 1951 Chambers's Jrnl. Aug. 455/1 Even the gardener, if he be of a botanical turn of mind, recognises many weeds as the progenitors of modern fruits, flowers, and vegetables. 1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) ix. x. 384/2 (table) The nomenclature used..for the domestic species and their wild progenitors follows the Linnean system; for example, Canis familiaris for the dog and Canis lupus for its wild progenitor, the wolf. 4. Biology and Medicine. = precursor n. 4. Also progenitor cell. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > cell > types of cells > [noun] > other types of cells reticular cell1832 torula1833 reserve cell1842 subcell1844 parenchyma cell1857 pedicel cell1858 nettle cell1870 heterocyst1872 prickle cell1872 angioblast1875 palisade cell1875 sextant1875 spindle cell1876 neuroblast1878 body cell1879 plasma cell1882 reticulum cell1882 stem cell1885 Langhans1886 basal cell1889 pole cell1890 myelocyte1891 statocyst1892 mast cell1893 thrombocyte1893 iridocyte1894 precursor1895 nurse cell1896 amacrine1900 statocyte1900 mononuclear1903 oat cell1903 myeloblast1904 trochoblast1904 adipocyte1906 polynuclear1906 fibrocyte1911 akaryote1920 Rouget cell1922 Sternberg–Reed1922 amphicyte1925 monoblast1925 pericyte1925 promyelocyte1925 pituicyte1930 agamete1932 sympathogonia1934 athrocyte1938 progenitor1938 Reed–Sternberg cell1939 submarginal1941 delta cell1942 mastocyte1947 squame1949 podocyte1954 transformed cell1956 transformant1957 spheroplast1958 pinealocyte1961 immunocyte1963 lactotroph1966 mammotroph1966 minicell1967 proheterocyst1970 myofibroblast1971 cybrid1974 1938 F. J. Lang in H. Downey Handbk. Hematol. III. 2105 The term ‘myeloid metaplasia’ is used in the broad sense to include the appearance outside the bone marrow of progenitors of the several types of blood cells. 1969 F. G. J. Hayhoe & R. J. Flemans Atlas Haematol. Cytol. (1970) i. 7 The proerythroblast is not itself the functional stem cell serving as a self-maintaining progenitor of the normoblast series. 1980 Lancet 16 Feb. 375/1 Our aim was to verify the assumption that NK [= natural killer] cells originated from bone marrow progenitors, as suggested in murine models. 2002 Times 10 Apr. 15/2 We took a piece of cortex less than the size of a pea. What we extracted were neural stem cells or progenitor cells. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1384
随便看	fattinesses fatting fatting-house fatting-land fatting-stock fattinghouse fattingland fattingstock fattish fattisher fattishest fattishness fattism fattisms fattist fattoush fattrap fattree fattrels fatty fatty acid fatty acid series fatty clay fatty degeneration fatty heart or kidney