provincen.

Brit.

/ˈprɒvɪns/, U.S.

/ˈprɑv(ə)ns/

Forms: Middle English prouynce (plural), Middle English prouyns (plural, in a late copy), Middle English prouynse (in a late copy), Middle English provyns (plural), Middle English–1500s prouynce, Middle English–1600s prouince, Middle English–1600s provynce, Middle English– province; Scottish pre-1700 prouince, pre-1700 provynce, pre-1700 prowince, pre-1700 prowynce, pre-1700 1700s– province; also Irish English (northern) 1900s– pravins.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French province.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pruvince, provinz, Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French province country (c1170 in Old French), area under the jurisdiction of a metropolitan bishop (c1170), administrative division of a country (c1174), administrative division of the Roman Empire outside Italy (1213), administrative division of France (1328), territorial division of a religious order (a1410), parts of France outside Paris (a1650; frequently in plural; sometimes with pejorative connotations) < classical Latin prōvincia official duty, charge, provincial command, governorship of a subject territory, territory outside Italy under the direct administration of a governor from Rome, specifically as the name of a region in the south-east of France (modern Provence: see note), in post-classical Latin also region, district (early 3rd cent.), subject to be treated (5th cent.), ecclesiastical province or see (5th cent.; frequently from 8th cent. in British sources), diocese (8th cent.), shire, county (from 10th cent. in British sources), province of friars (1518 in a British source), of unknown origin, perhaps a loanword. Compare Old Occitan provincia (a1149; Occitan provincia), proensa (c1350), provinsa (1379), Catalan província (1287), Spanish provincia (c1200), Portuguese província (14th cent.), Italian provincia (a1292); also Middle Dutch provincie (Dutch provincie), Middle Low German prōvincie, German Provinz (second half of the14th cent as provincie).The area from the Mediterranean to Lake Geneva was taken under Roman rule in 121 b.c. as a ‘province’ (classical Latin prōvincia ). The province of Gaul (classical Latin Gallia ) was subsequently extended, and divided by Augustus into four provinces, the southern part (classical Latin Gallia Narbonēnsis ) corresponding to the original ‘province’. This region continued to be familiarly called Prōvincia (or nostra Prōvincia ) ‘the province’ (or ‘our province’). Compare Old French, Middle French, French Provence Provence n., Old Occitan Proensa (a1149; Occitan Provença ), Catalan †Proença (1343), Provença (1386), Spanish Proenza , Provença (1328). Compare sense 3b. Compare also Provence n. With province rose at sense 5 compare German Provinzrose (1570). With sense 7b compare German geognostischer Bezirk (H. Vogelsang 1872, in Zeitschr. der Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 24 525).

I. A territory, region, or subdivision.

1. A country, territory, district, or region; a region of the earth or of a continent. Also: the inhabitants of such a region; a nation, a people. Also figurative. Now chiefly poetic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > region of the earth > [noun]

endc893

earthOE

coastc1315

plagea1382

provincea1382

regiona1382

countrya1387

partya1387

climatea1398

partc1400

nookc1450

corner1535

subregion1559

parcel1582

quart1590

climature1604

latitudea1640

area1671

district1712

zone1829

natural region1888

sector1943

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [noun]

landc725

kithc888

thedec888

earthOE

groundOE

foldOE

countryc1300

marchc1330

nationc1330

wonec1330

provincea1382

soila1400

strandc1400

terragec1440

room1468

limita1513

limitationa1527

seat1535

terrene1863

negara1955

negeri1958

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xli. 57 Alle prouyncez [L. provinciae] comen into Egipt þat þey miȝten byggen metez.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 171^v Asia..haþ many prouynces & regiouns and diuers naciouns.

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 3 (MED) In þis Asia stant Ynde and Pers, Mede, Mesopothamia..& many mo prouynces..Affrica hath principali þe prouynce of Zeugis where grete Cartage stant.

1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iv. viii They came in to the prouynce of the apes.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 217 Þi fame shall goo fer & þu furse holdyn, And all prouyns and pertes þi pes shall desyre.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. i. f. 52 Owre men fownde certen trees in this prouince, which bore greate plentie of sweete apples.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. x. 151 Distinct seas, taking their names from the Provinces they bathe.

1668 P. Belon Relation of Country of Jansenia 2 Jansenia is a very pleasant and fertile Province.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 142. ⁋7 The whole province flocks together as to a general festivity.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 165. ⁋14 Some had long moved to distant provinces.

a1783 H. Brooke Female Seducers in Poet. Wks. (1792) 49 A stream, call'd Life..equally the land divides: And here, of Vice the province lies; And there, the hills of Virtue rise!

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species xii. 409 We should find, as we do find, some groups of beings greatly, and some only slightly modified..in the different great geographical provinces of the world.

1943 A. Curnow Early Days Yet (1997) 228 Who navigates us towards what unknown But not improbable provinces?

1999 P. Wilkins Truths of Unremembered Things 11 So it is, in the provinces of patience, along the shaded rivers of what seems relief.

a. An administrative division of certain countries or states; a principal division of a kingdom or empire, esp. one with a distinct historical or linguistic identity (as the provinces of Ireland, Spain, Italy, Prussia, Russia, India, and the old provinces of France).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > territory under a governor or official > [noun]

shirec893

provincea1382

diocesea1513

government1554

exarchate1570

ethnarchy1602

exarchy1656

governorate1884

negeri1958

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun]

endc893

shirec893

estrec1275

sidec1325

bounds1340

provincea1382

partc1400

landmark1550

tract1553

canton1601

neighbourhood1652

district1712

section1785

circumscription1831

location1833

block1840

strip1873

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > large or culturally distinct division

provincea1382

government1554

region1555

rulership1882

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > metropolitan > [noun] > see of

provincea1382

metropolis1516

mother city1570

metropolite1591

metropolie1633

metropolicality1637

metropole1862

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Esther iii. 12 It is writen..to alle þe satrapis of þe king & domesmen of dyuerse prouyncis [L. provinciarum] & folkis.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 259 (MED) Franconia is, as it were, þe myddel prouynce of Germania.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 29 In Egipt þere ben v prouynces [?a1425 Egerton cuntreez; Fr. prouinces].

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 87 (MED) The prouince of Yorke [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. Ȝorkschire] extendethe hit oonly now from the arche of the floode of Humbre vn to the floode of Teyse.

1590 W. Segar Bk. Honor & Armes v. xviii. 49 It is written..that at the Citie of Amiens in Picardie a Prouince of France, there was borne a certein Gentleman, who in his childhood had been brought vp in learning.

1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 274 The Lord President..left the Prouince of Mounster to meet the Lord Deputy at Galloway in Connaght.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) The United Provinces of the Netherlands, the Seven Northern Provinces of the Low-Countries, that made a firm Alliance at Utrecht, a.d. 1579, by which they united themselves, so as never to be divided.

1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 1 On the pleasant banks of the Garonne, in the province of Gascony.

1804 European Mag. 45 35/2 They divided the country into four provinces, viz. Ulster, Leinster, Munster and Connaught, each of which had its King.

1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. 383 Corsica..is still a province of that kingdom [sc. France].

1908 Whitaker's Almanack 491/1 The Central Provinces [of India] were formed in 1861 out of territory taken from the North-West Provinces and Madras.

1990 Warsaw Voice 11 Feb. 3/1 In the near future East Germany will no longer be divided into fourteen provinces, but into lands, just like the Federal Republic.

b. spec. †(a) an English shire (obsolete); (b) (with the) Northern Ireland; (c) any of the North American colonies of Great Britain which subsequently became provinces of Canada; any of several of the North American colonies of Great Britain (typically those denominated as provinces in their charters) which subsequently became states in the United States of America (now historical).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > Ireland > [noun] > Ulster

Six Counties1921

province1972

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 182 My perambulation thorow the Provinces or Shires of Britaine [L. Prounicias, siue Comitatus].

1622 Grant in Capt. John Mason (Prince Soc.) 10 Aug. 180 All that part of y^e maine land in New England..w^ch the said S^r Ferdinando Gorges and Capt. John Mason..intend to name y^e Province of Maine.

1682 Charter Chas. II to W. Penn 4 Mar. in Poore Fed. & St. Constit. II. 1510 We do hereby erect the aforesaid Country and Islands into a Province and Seigniore, and doe call itt Pensilvania.

1691 I. Mather Brief Acct. Several Agents in Andros Tracts (1869) II. 289 Now that the Massachusets Colony is made a Province.

1758 Commission to F. Bernard in N.J. Docts. IX. 23 The Division of East and West New Jersey in America, which we have thought fit to reunite into one Province and settle under one entire Government.

1832 Encycl. Brit. VI. 55 In the year 1791 it [sc. Canada] was divided, by an act of the British parliament, into the two provinces of Upper and Lower Canada.

1898 E. B. Greene Provincial Govnr. in Eng. Colonies of N.A. 15 When James Duke of York became king, New York ceased to be a proprietary colony and became a royal province.

1972 Ann. Reg. 1971 26 A horrifying escalation of violence in the Province.

1977 J. Judd Corr. Van Cortlandt Family 328 Connecticut claimed lands in western New York and Pennsylvania based on grants originally issued to the Earl of Warwick, Lord Saye and Sele, and others, for land lying between the forty-second and forty-first parallels, and on the subsequent transference of these lands to the Province of Connecticut.

1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 22 Feb. 8/4 In the Province, noted for its high-flyers, the number of pupils quitting at 16 with nothing to show for it has long been an irony and an embarrassment.

2001 P. L. Levin Abigail Adams iii. 34 A bill to regulate the government of the province of Massachusetts Bay..was presented to Parliament.

c. figurative and in extended use.

ΚΠ

1612 J. Donne Second Anniuersarie 17 in First Anniuersarie A Prouince Pack'd vp in two yards of skinne.

1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. xxiii. 277 The..line of separation dijunging the province of organism from the rest of the mechanism territory.

1880 A. C. Swinburne Study of Shakespeare 73 Their spotted souls..hovering for an hour..on the confines of either province of hell.

1985 P. Alexander Navigable Waterways 42 Heat..will vacate the outermost provinces of hands and feet.

a. Roman History. A country or territory outside Italy, under Roman dominion, and administered by a governor from Rome.

ΚΠ

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxiii. 34 Whanne he hadde rad, and axid of what prouynce [L. provincia] he was,..knowinge for he was of Cilice.

c1390 (?c1350) St. Augustine 64 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 62 (MED) Austin þe doctour..Boren was in þe prouince of Affrican.

a1500 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (Harl. 3909) (1926) 321 (MED) Þe emperour..wold haue writen iche place, Prouince, shir, & eke cite, how mony thurȝe the world þer wer.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 100 Tessaile.., A prouynce appropret aperte to Rome.

a1586 W. Stewart in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. clv. 46 For quha him selfe can not gyde nor avance Quhy sould ane province do on him depend?

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 144 His Ethnarchy reduced into a Romane Prouince, and the gouernment thereof committed vnto Pontius Pilate by Tyberius Cæsar.

1679 J. Davies in tr. Appian Hist. To Rdr. sig. Taking the whole Affairs of every Country from the first dealings the Romans had with them, till such time as they were reduced to a Roman Province, he makes every Book independant.

1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross v. 16 That part of the Island which was beyond the Roman Province.

1756 W. Duncan tr. Cicero Sel. Orations xi. 389 You obtained a consular province.

1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 4 There are no quaestors sent to the imperial provinces, where, consequently, the aedilitian edict is not propounded.

1904 W. M. Ramsay in Expositor Oct. 244 The Province was the aspect in which Rome presented itself to the people of Asia; and conversely the Province was the form under which the people of Asia constituted a part of the Empire.

1978 Listener 8 June 724/2 Xenophobically named after the old Roman province, the Dacia is, in fact, a licence-built French Renault.

2002 Britannia 33 224 The distribution of rural Roman buildings..shows a very marked distinction between the North and West and the South and East of the province.

†b. spec. The region of south-eastern France corresponding to modern Provence (one of the earliest Roman provinces). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth lxvii. f. xcii By decre and ordynaunce: the prouynce of Fraunce [L. provincia Gallia] was decreed and commytted vnto hym to be recouered.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxl^v He marched through the myddest of Italye..tyll he came in to prouynce of Fraunce [L. provinciam Galliam].

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxix Ther be in the French prouince [L. prouincia Gallia] a people called Ualdois.

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Ii.iii^v Massile, the head towne of Gallia Narbonensis, (nowe called the prouince).

4. Christian Church.

a. An area falling under the jurisdiction of an archbishop or metropolitan, usually consisting of a number of neighbouring dioceses. Formerly also: †an area falling under the jurisdiction of a synod of a Presbyterian church (obsolete).In quot. c1400: a diocese.

ΚΠ

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. 562 (MED) Euery bisshop þat bereth crosse, by þat he is holden Thorw his prouynce to passe and to his peple to shewe hym, Tellen hem and techen hem on þe Trinite to bileue.

1425 Rolls of Parl. IV. 291/1 The Kyng..hath delivered the Bille to my Lord of Canterbury, chargyng hym to purveye of remedye for his Province; And semblably shall write to the Chirche of York for that Provynce.

1454 Rolls of Parl. V. 249/1 The Clergie of the Province of Caunterbury.

1580 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 277 The diocie or province of Louthiane.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 181 The Provinciall Synods in both Provinces.

1649 (title) An apologetic declaration of the conscientious Presbyterians of the Province of London.

1703 W. Wake State of Church & Clergy of Eng. ii. 66 The Bishops and Clergy of the Province of Canterbury, had also Executed to Their majesties a Supplication to the same effect.

1772 F. S. Sullivan Hist. Treat. Feudal Law viii. 92 The same practice they pursued with respect the bishoprics, by exempting several of them in divers places from the archbishop of the province.

1861 J. G. Sheppard Fall of Rome xii. 644 To the parochial cities were attached bishops, to the provinces metropolitans, to the dioceses patriarchs.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 243/2 A court composed of an archbishop of the province and a judge of the High Court.

1983 K. M. MacMorran & K. J. T. Elphinstone Handbk. for Churchwardens & Parochial Church Councillors i. 1 The Province of Canterbury consisting of thirty.., and the Province of York, consisting of fourteen, dioceses, together constitute the Church of England as far as this country is concerned.

2001 Archit. Hist. 44 167 By this means he would strengthen his claim as bishop of Lindsey within the metropolitan province of Canterbury.

b. A major territorial division in the organization of a religious, or military and religious, order.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > provincial > [noun] > territory of

province1663

1663 W. Prynne Philanax Protestant 20 They caused the picture of Ignatius their Founder to be cut in Brasse, with a goodly Olive Tree growing (like Jesses root) out of his side, spreading its branches into all Kingdomes and Provinces of the World, where the Jesuites have any Colledges and Seminaries, with the name of the Province at the foot of the branch, which hath as many leaves as they have Colledges and Residencies in that Province.

1698 in J. O. Payne Recds. Eng. Catholics of 1715 (1889) 112 To those of the Society of Jesus of the English Province.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Provincial The general of the Order has several Provinces under him.

1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 110/2 Although they [sc. the Jesuits] had also their respective generals residing at Rome, yet their authority over the distant convents of the various provinces was very limited.

1848 Secr. Societies, Templars 244 Besides these offices of the Order [sc. the Templars] there were the Great-priors, Great-preceptors, or Provincial Masters..of the three Provinces of Jerusalem, Tripoli, and Antioch.

1906 Tablet 15 Sept. 401 Ditton Hall, not far from Liverpool, where the exiled German province then had its theologate.

1993 Compass (Toronto) May–June 23/2 Father General Peter-Hans Kolvenbach..called again on Jesuit provinces to remain alert to this immense field of human need.

2006 Irish Times (Nexis) 2 Sept. 12 There also existed a large collection of material relating to the history of the order's Irish province. These collections were housed in the Franciscan friary at Merchants' Quay, Dublin.

5. In full province rose. = Provence rose n. at Provence n. Compounds. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > rose and allied flowers > rose > types of rose flower or bush

summer rosea1456

French rose1538

damask rose?a1547

musk rose1559

province1562

winter rose1577

Austrian brier1590

rose of Provence1597

velvet rose1597

damasine-rose1607

Provence rose1614

blush-rose1629

maiden's blush1648

monthly rose tree1664

Provinsa1678

York and Lancaster rose1688

cinnamon rose1699

muscat rose1707

cabbage rose1727

China-rose1731

old-fashioned rose1773

moss rose1777

swamp rose1785

alba1797

Cherokee rose1804

Macartney rose1811

shepherd's rose1818

multiflora1820

prairie rose1822

Boursault1826

Banksian rose1827

maiden rose1827

moss1829

Noisette1829

seven sisters rose1830

Dundee rambler1834

Banksia rose1835

Chickasaw rose1835

Bourbon1836

climbing rose1836

green rose1837

hybrid China1837

Jaune Desprez1837

Lamarque1837

perpetual1837

pillar rose1837

rambler1837

wax rose1837

rugosa1840

China1844

Manetti1846

Banksian1847

remontant1847

gallica1848

hybrid perpetual1848

Persian Yellow1848

pole rose1848

monthly1849

tea rose1850

quarter sessions rose1851

Gloire de Dijon1854

Jacqueminot1857

Maréchal Niel1864

primrose1864

jack1867

La France1868

tea1869

Ramanas rose1876

Japanese rose1883

polyantha1883

old rose1885

American Beauty1887

hybrid tea1890

Japan rose1895

roselet1896

floribunda1898

Zéphirine Drouhin1901

Penzance briar1902

Dorothy Perkins1903

sweetheart1905

wichuraiana1907

mermaid1918

species rose1930

sweetheart rose1936

peace1944

shrub rose1948

1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. lxxiij^v, in Bulwarke of Defence There be diuers and sondrie kindes of Roses, as the redde Rose, the white Rose, and the prouince Rose, which is excellent in medicine.

1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1082 The great Rose..is generally called the great Prouince Rose.

1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole cix. 413 The flowers are..of a sent not so sweete as the damaske Province.

1711 tr. H. van Oosten Dutch Gardener (ed. 2) i. xxi. 35 The great yellow Province-Rose..will not thrive unless it be shelter'd from rain.

1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Rosa The Damask, Province, and Frankfort Roses grow to the Height of seven or eight Feet.

1852 A. B. Strong Amer. Flora III. 105 The earliest flowering Rose is the Monthly... The Roses next in succession are..Province..in June, July and August.

1923 Bot. Gaz. 76 405 R. gallica, the province rose, with thirteen [hybrids].

6. In plural. Chiefly with the. The parts of a country outside the capital or chief seat of government.Sometimes with negative connotations of a lack of culture or sophistication. Cf. provincial adj. 6.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun] > the provinces

provinces1789

region1949

1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. III. 31 In this worke..you shall finde..this sweete ayre of the wide world, and these dainties of the spirit, which are not common in our Provinces [Fr. nos Provinces].

1789 Ann. Agric. 11 293 All the animation, vigour, life, and energy of luxury, consumption, and industry, which flow with a full tide through this kingdom, wherever there is a free communication between the capital and the provinces.

a1845 S. Smith Elem. Sketches Moral Philos. (1850) xii. 168 Those opinions go down by the mail-coach, to regulate all matters of taste for the provinces.

1874 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 1st Ser. vi. 341 The provinces differ from Paris in the nature of the social warfare.

1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xii. 88 In the provinces, as in London, Liberal journalists outnumber the Conservatives.

1919 J. Reed Ten Days that shook World i. 13 Young ladies from the provinces came up to the capital to learn French.

1970 J. G. Farrell Troubles i. 118 The Major wouldn't be interested in all this dull tattle from the provinces since he was in London at the very centre of things.

1991 Investors Chron. 26 July 65/3 Supposedly loyal workers were seduced and suddenly upped and offed to the new megafirms which were mushrooming both in the City and the provinces.

a. Biology and Ecology. An area containing a distinctive flora or fauna, esp. a division of a biogeographical region.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > region of the earth > zone or belt > [noun] > biogeographical zone > sub-biogeographical

province1847

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > environment or habitat > [noun] > portion of

subregion1830

province1847

realm1854

substrate1876

quadrat1904

transect1905

biotope1909

basal cover1923

microhabitat1931

basal area1938

tetrad1963

1847 H. C. Watson Cybele Britannica I. 14 Eighteen ‘Provinces’, or groups of counties, have been marked out on the map; and..they will be found more natural sections of the island than are the counties themselves.

1860 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 16 p. xxxv Thus natural provinces are constituted, each including a considerable number of forms peculiar to itself.

1932 G. D. Fuller & H. S. Conard tr. J. Braun-Blanquet Plant Sociol. xiv. 355 The province is..characterized by at least one climax community.

1947 R. Good Geogr. Flowering Plants ii. 38 This classification divides the floras and floristic units of the world first into kingdoms, then into regions.., and finally into provinces.

1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) v. i. 172/1 Some marine fossils of the Tethys found in the Indo-West Pacific province—around the Indian Ocean—differ substantially from those of the Mediterranean faunal province.

b. Geology. In full petrographic province, petrographical province. An area containing a group of igneous rocks that appear to have been formed during the same period of igneous activity, and presumably from the same magma.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > area

province1886

1886 J. W. Judd in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 42 54 There are distinct petrographical provinces, within which the rocks erupted during any particular geological period present certain well-marked peculiarities in mineralogical composition and microscopical structure, serving at once to distinguish them from the rocks belonging to the same general group, which were simultaneously erupted in other petrographical provinces.

1886 F. Rutley in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 42 96 Lavas of totally distinct characters are poured out from the same vent, so that the use of the term ‘petrographic province’ seemed to be of rather doubtful propriety.

1910 P. Lake & R. H. Rastall Text-bk. Geol. xiii. 230 The occurrence of chemical peculiarities running through all or nearly all the igneous rocks of a province shows that they are not all brought together by chance, but that there must be some real relationship between the different types.

1941 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 239 542 (heading) Compositions..of the salic portions of residual magmas in New Zealand petrographical provinces.

1993 Sci. Amer. Oct. 27/2 The most fundamental observation about these provinces is that they consist of basalt, a common, iron-and magnesium-rich rock.

c. Geography. More fully physiographic province. An extensive region in which all areas have a broadly similar geology and topography and which differs significantly from adjacent regions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > [noun] > province

province1893

1893 14th Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 1892–3: Pt. 1 71 One of the results of this interpretation is the recognition of geologic provinces... The geologic province is the unit of past geography; throughout each the successive deposits represent a definite chronologic sequence, and throughout each there may generally be found definite, consistent, and mutually corroborative series of records of geologic events.

1895 B. Willis Northern Appalachians (National Geographic Monogr. I. No. 6) 197 The ranges of the mountains..were a barrier to intercourse long after the several topographic provinces had come under one national government.

1914 Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geographers 4 85 The confusion will be worse when the plotting of census and other statistics by physiographic provinces has become common.

1936 Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 20 1297 Although geologists and travellers subdivide the mountainous area of Chiapas into several sections..their related and combined features can be taken as a whole to form one large province.

2005 Quaternary Res. 64 265/1 Determining the timing of..ice advances on the Colorado Plateau is essential for understanding the response of this unique physiographic province to climatic shifts.

d. Soil Science. In full soil province. An area containing a group of similar soils, all of which have been formed in the same way or from the same source.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > area of similar soil

province1909

1872 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 35 355 In twelve provinces of Russia the proportion of tillage lands to the general area is about 50 per cent...; these are the central black soil provinces.]

1909 Bull. Bureau of Soils (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 55. 26 The complete scheme of classification, so far as perfected by the Bureau of Soils, also provides for the grouping of these series..into thirteen great soil provinces.

1958 Amer. Midl. Naturalist 59 398 The Dunkirk region is situated within the major soil province designated..as the gray-brown-podzolic.

1996 Geogr. Jrnl. 162 19 (caption) Sierra Leone: soil provinces.

e. Oil Industry. = oil province n. at oil n.¹ Compounds 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > tract of land > oil province

oil province1926

province1926

1926 E. R. Lilley Oil Industry iii. 22 The writer will use the term ‘province’ when referring to an area containing connected or related fields.

1971 Daily Tel. 29 Dec. 5/3 This huge oil yield from the northern ‘province’ of the North Sea will have important consequences for this country.

1991 Geogr. Jrnl. 157 183/2 The technique..provides a means of predicting quantitatively the outcome of future drilling, provided sufficient history is available for the province.

†8. Taxonomy. A division of a subkingdom. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > kingdom or sub-kingdom

kingdom1624

family1651

race1697

reign1744

subkingdom1825

province1866

urkingdom1977

domain1990

1866 R. Owen On Anat. Vertebr. I. Pref. 9 Illustrations..will be found in the chapters on the Articulate Province and other parts of the ‘Lectures on Invertebrates’.

1870 Amer. Naturalist 3 607 Professor Huxley very clearly sets forth the characteristics of the group, or Subkingdom, of Vertebrata, and as plainly indicates the three Provinces into which it is divisible.

II. A sphere of action or interest.

9. A sphere of action, influence, or responsibility; the proper function or area of concern of a particular person or group; duty, business.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] > sphere of work, business, or activity

field1340

vineyardc1380

orb1598

spherea1616

province1616

work field1684

purview1688

scope1830

coverage1930

shtick1965

1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iii. ii, in Wks. I. 553 Get tosts, and butter, made for the wood-cocks. That's a fit prouince for you.

a1626 F. Bacon Q. Elizabeth in Mor. & Hist. Wks. (Bohn) 480 This is not a subject for the pen of a monk, or any such cloistered writer... Certainly this is a province for men of the first rank.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan xxii This word province signifies a charge, or care of business, which he whose business it is, committeth to another man.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. Pref. p. ii It is a difficult Province to write the History of the Civil Wars of a great and powerful Nation.

1769 J. Hall-Stevenson Yorick's Sentimental Journey Continued III. 105 My province was..to carry home the goods.

1787 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 103 It is neither in my province, nor in my power, to remedy them.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. x. 657 James had invaded the province of the legislature.

1888 ‘M. Robertson’ Lombard St. Myst. xii. 118 How he had secured an entrance..it is not our province to inquire.

1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria iii. 79 The foreign policy of England was not his province; it was hers and her Ministers'.

1958 G. Greene Our Man in Havana ii. i. 70 Dr. Hasselbacher never talked in terms of morality; it was outside the province of a doctor.

1988 S. Quinn Mind of her Own vii. 139 In the early nineteenth century, psychic life had been viewed in Germany as the province as much of philosophy as of medicine.

10. A division or branch of any subject or sphere of knowledge.In extended use in quot. 1709.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > [noun] > field of interest > division of

province1690

subfield1894

subdiscipline1912

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xx. 362 They seemed to me to be the three great Provinces of the intellectual World, wholly separate and distinct one from another.

1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §115. 132 The two distinct Provinces of Sight and Touch.

1710 G. Berkeley Treat. Princ. Human Knowl. §101 The two great provinces of speculative science,..Natural Philosophy and Mathematics.

1782 J. Warton Ess. on Pope (new ed.) II. xi. 326 He early left the more poetical provinces of his art, to become a moral, didactic, and satiric poet.

1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe IV. vii. 503 In the provinces of erudition and of polite letters..some tendency towards a coalition began to appear.

1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) ii. xii. 505 In the provinces of Æsthetics and Morals.

1944 Jrnl. Warburg & Courtauld Inst. 7 107 After having thus explained the relation to the arts to other intellectual provinces, Barbaro carries on with a definition of the arts in detail.

1998 Public Admin. Rev. 58 189 Scholars representing both academic provinces were asked to contribute articles.

Compounds

C1. General attributive (chiefly U.S., now historical; cf. sense 2b).

† province cost n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1758 S. Thompson Diary (1896) 20 We eat supper and breakfast on Province cost.

province seal n.

ΚΠ

1648 B. Plantagenet Descr. New Albion 6 Having obtained under the Province Seal my grant of my Manor of Belvill.

1724 Acts & Laws Mass. 31 Every Writ for Electing of Assembly-men, directed to the Sheriff or Marshall, under the Province Seal, Five Shillings, to be paid out of the Publick Revenue.

1897 Amer. Hist. Rev. 2 659 Gov. Dongan in 1683 was instructed to grant lands under the province seal, reserving a certain yearly rent and service to the duke and his heirs.

1982 William & Mary Q. 39 332 A decade later, in 1722, another reward of £50 went to Capt. John Smyter for safely bringing the new province seal to South Carolina despite shipwreck off Charleston's harbor.

† province store n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1760 Douglass's Summary State Brit. Settlements N.-Amer. (new ed.) I. 535 (table) Province store sloop.

1763 J. Woolman Jrnl. 15 June (1971) viii. 131 Going down the river to the province store at Shamokin.

C2.

province line n. the boundary or border of a province; spec. †the line of latitude marking the border between the province of Lower Canada and the United States (obsolete).

ΚΠ

1722 Jrnl. House of Representatives Massachusetts-Bay 74 They may have liberty to purchase some lands lying between the Towns of Oxford, Brimfield, Brookfield, and the Province line.

1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. III. 277 The bay itself..is intersected by what is called the province-line; that is, by the forty-fifth degree of north latitude, which is the southern boundary of Lower Canada.

1870 Rep. Commissioners Intercolonial Railway 25 A contract has been lately let in the Province of Quebec, for a line of railway..from Lennoxville to the Province line, where it connects with the Passumpsic Railway in the United States.

2004 M. N. Lurie & M. Mappen Encycl. New Jersey 71/3 Bounded by the Hudson and Hackensack rivers from the New York province line to Newark Bay.

province man n. chiefly U.S. (now historical) a Canadian from the Maritime Provinces

ΚΠ

1758 L. Lyon in Milit. Jrnls. (1855) 14 There was a regiment of province men come up to Schenacata.

a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) i. 13 A Province man was betraying his greenness to the Yankees by his questions.

1916 A. Cary How Lumbermen have Served Public 7 A settlement of good Americans or Province men or Scandinavians about a sawmill.

province-wide adj. extending throughout a province; relating to the whole of a province.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [adjective] > relating to large division > throughout a province

province-wide1910

1910 Manitoba Morning Free Press 30 July 21/4 The announcement that a provincial campaign for a province-wide law is likely to come immediately, greatly cheered the temperance forces.

1964 P. Worsley in I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 380 Government intervention in province-wide infrastructural fields, such as air-ways, bus-lines, insurance etc.

1995 Independent 23 Feb. 19/1 An outline framework for new political institutions in Northern Ireland to include; Province-wide executive responsibilities, [etc.].

Derivatives

ˈprovincehood n. chiefly Canadian the condition or status of being a province; (also) the time at which provincial status is granted.

ΚΠ

1946 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 24 Jan. 4/1 Judge Fairbairn epitomized the younger men who have been coming to the fore the past few years, taking over the reins from those who were the pioneers of the Province at provincehood.

1992 Maclean's 10 Aug. 15/2 The Northwest Territories and the Yukon should be allowed to achieve province-hood with the consent of Ottawa alone.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	province
释义	provincen. Brit. /ˈprɒvɪns/, U.S. /ˈprɑv(ə)ns/ Forms: Middle English prouynce (plural), Middle English prouyns (plural, in a late copy), Middle English prouynse (in a late copy), Middle English provyns (plural), Middle English–1500s prouynce, Middle English–1600s prouince, Middle English–1600s provynce, Middle English– province; Scottish pre-1700 prouince, pre-1700 provynce, pre-1700 prowince, pre-1700 prowynce, pre-1700 1700s– province; also Irish English (northern) 1900s– pravins. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French province. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman pruvince, provinz, Anglo-Norman and Middle French, French province country (c1170 in Old French), area under the jurisdiction of a metropolitan bishop (c1170), administrative division of a country (c1174), administrative division of the Roman Empire outside Italy (1213), administrative division of France (1328), territorial division of a religious order (a1410), parts of France outside Paris (a1650; frequently in plural; sometimes with pejorative connotations) < classical Latin prōvincia official duty, charge, provincial command, governorship of a subject territory, territory outside Italy under the direct administration of a governor from Rome, specifically as the name of a region in the south-east of France (modern Provence: see note), in post-classical Latin also region, district (early 3rd cent.), subject to be treated (5th cent.), ecclesiastical province or see (5th cent.; frequently from 8th cent. in British sources), diocese (8th cent.), shire, county (from 10th cent. in British sources), province of friars (1518 in a British source), of unknown origin, perhaps a loanword. Compare Old Occitan provincia (a1149; Occitan provincia), proensa (c1350), provinsa (1379), Catalan província (1287), Spanish provincia (c1200), Portuguese província (14th cent.), Italian provincia (a1292); also Middle Dutch provincie (Dutch provincie), Middle Low German prōvincie, German Provinz (second half of the14th cent as provincie).The area from the Mediterranean to Lake Geneva was taken under Roman rule in 121 b.c. as a ‘province’ (classical Latin prōvincia ). The province of Gaul (classical Latin Gallia ) was subsequently extended, and divided by Augustus into four provinces, the southern part (classical Latin Gallia Narbonēnsis ) corresponding to the original ‘province’. This region continued to be familiarly called Prōvincia (or nostra Prōvincia ) ‘the province’ (or ‘our province’). Compare Old French, Middle French, French Provence Provence n., Old Occitan Proensa (a1149; Occitan Provença ), Catalan †Proença (1343), Provença (1386), Spanish Proenza , Provença (1328). Compare sense 3b. Compare also Provence n. With province rose at sense 5 compare German Provinzrose (1570). With sense 7b compare German geognostischer Bezirk (H. Vogelsang 1872, in Zeitschr. der Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 24 525). I. A territory, region, or subdivision. 1. A country, territory, district, or region; a region of the earth or of a continent. Also: the inhabitants of such a region; a nation, a people. Also figurative. Now chiefly poetic. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > region of the earth > [noun] endc893 earthOE coastc1315 plagea1382 provincea1382 regiona1382 countrya1387 partya1387 climatea1398 partc1400 nookc1450 corner1535 subregion1559 parcel1582 quart1590 climature1604 latitudea1640 area1671 district1712 zone1829 natural region1888 sector1943 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [noun] landc725 kithc888 thedec888 earthOE groundOE foldOE countryc1300 marchc1330 nationc1330 wonec1330 provincea1382 soila1400 strandc1400 terragec1440 room1468 limita1513 limitationa1527 seat1535 terrene1863 negara1955 negeri1958 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Gen. xli. 57 Alle prouyncez [L. provinciae] comen into Egipt þat þey miȝten byggen metez. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 171^v Asia..haþ many prouynces & regiouns and diuers naciouns. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 3 (MED) In þis Asia stant Ynde and Pers, Mede, Mesopothamia..& many mo prouynces..Affrica hath principali þe prouynce of Zeugis where grete Cartage stant. 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope iv. viii They came in to the prouynce of the apes. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 217 Þi fame shall goo fer & þu furse holdyn, And all prouyns and pertes þi pes shall desyre. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. i. f. 52 Owre men fownde certen trees in this prouince, which bore greate plentie of sweete apples. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iii. x. 151 Distinct seas, taking their names from the Provinces they bathe. 1668 P. Belon Relation of Country of Jansenia 2 Jansenia is a very pleasant and fertile Province. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 142. ⁋7 The whole province flocks together as to a general festivity. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 165. ⁋14 Some had long moved to distant provinces. a1783 H. Brooke Female Seducers in Poet. Wks. (1792) 49 A stream, call'd Life..equally the land divides: And here, of Vice the province lies; And there, the hills of Virtue rise! 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species xii. 409 We should find, as we do find, some groups of beings greatly, and some only slightly modified..in the different great geographical provinces of the world. 1943 A. Curnow Early Days Yet (1997) 228 Who navigates us towards what unknown But not improbable provinces? 1999 P. Wilkins Truths of Unremembered Things 11 So it is, in the provinces of patience, along the shaded rivers of what seems relief. 2. a. An administrative division of certain countries or states; a principal division of a kingdom or empire, esp. one with a distinct historical or linguistic identity (as the provinces of Ireland, Spain, Italy, Prussia, Russia, India, and the old provinces of France). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > territory under a governor or official > [noun] shirec893 provincea1382 diocesea1513 government1554 exarchate1570 ethnarchy1602 exarchy1656 governorate1884 negeri1958 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun] endc893 shirec893 estrec1275 sidec1325 bounds1340 provincea1382 partc1400 landmark1550 tract1553 canton1601 neighbourhood1652 district1712 section1785 circumscription1831 location1833 block1840 strip1873 society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [noun] > large or culturally distinct division provincea1382 government1554 region1555 rulership1882 society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > metropolitan > [noun] > see of provincea1382 metropolis1516 mother city1570 metropolite1591 metropolie1633 metropolicality1637 metropole1862 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) Esther iii. 12 It is writen..to alle þe satrapis of þe king & domesmen of dyuerse prouyncis [L. provinciarum] & folkis. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 259 (MED) Franconia is, as it were, þe myddel prouynce of Germania. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 29 In Egipt þere ben v prouynces [?a1425 Egerton cuntreez; Fr. prouinces]. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 87 (MED) The prouince of Yorke [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. Ȝorkschire] extendethe hit oonly now from the arche of the floode of Humbre vn to the floode of Teyse. 1590 W. Segar Bk. Honor & Armes v. xviii. 49 It is written..that at the Citie of Amiens in Picardie a Prouince of France, there was borne a certein Gentleman, who in his childhood had been brought vp in learning. 1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 274 The Lord President..left the Prouince of Mounster to meet the Lord Deputy at Galloway in Connaght. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) The United Provinces of the Netherlands, the Seven Northern Provinces of the Low-Countries, that made a firm Alliance at Utrecht, a.d. 1579, by which they united themselves, so as never to be divided. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho I. i. 1 On the pleasant banks of the Garonne, in the province of Gascony. 1804 European Mag. 45 35/2 They divided the country into four provinces, viz. Ulster, Leinster, Munster and Connaught, each of which had its King. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands III. 383 Corsica..is still a province of that kingdom [sc. France]. 1908 Whitaker's Almanack 491/1 The Central Provinces [of India] were formed in 1861 out of territory taken from the North-West Provinces and Madras. 1990 Warsaw Voice 11 Feb. 3/1 In the near future East Germany will no longer be divided into fourteen provinces, but into lands, just like the Federal Republic. b. spec. †(a) an English shire (obsolete); (b) (with the) Northern Ireland; (c) any of the North American colonies of Great Britain which subsequently became provinces of Canada; any of several of the North American colonies of Great Britain (typically those denominated as provinces in their charters) which subsequently became states in the United States of America (now historical). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Europe > British Isles > Ireland > [noun] > Ulster Six Counties1921 province1972 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 182 My perambulation thorow the Provinces or Shires of Britaine [L. Prounicias, siue Comitatus]. 1622 Grant in Capt. John Mason (Prince Soc.) 10 Aug. 180 All that part of y^e maine land in New England..w^ch the said S^r Ferdinando Gorges and Capt. John Mason..intend to name y^e Province of Maine. 1682 Charter Chas. II to W. Penn 4 Mar. in Poore Fed. & St. Constit. II. 1510 We do hereby erect the aforesaid Country and Islands into a Province and Seigniore, and doe call itt Pensilvania. 1691 I. Mather Brief Acct. Several Agents in Andros Tracts (1869) II. 289 Now that the Massachusets Colony is made a Province. 1758 Commission to F. Bernard in N.J. Docts. IX. 23 The Division of East and West New Jersey in America, which we have thought fit to reunite into one Province and settle under one entire Government. 1832 Encycl. Brit. VI. 55 In the year 1791 it [sc. Canada] was divided, by an act of the British parliament, into the two provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. 1898 E. B. Greene Provincial Govnr. in Eng. Colonies of N.A. 15 When James Duke of York became king, New York ceased to be a proprietary colony and became a royal province. 1972 Ann. Reg. 1971 26 A horrifying escalation of violence in the Province. 1977 J. Judd Corr. Van Cortlandt Family 328 Connecticut claimed lands in western New York and Pennsylvania based on grants originally issued to the Earl of Warwick, Lord Saye and Sele, and others, for land lying between the forty-second and forty-first parallels, and on the subsequent transference of these lands to the Province of Connecticut. 1991 Times Educ. Suppl. 22 Feb. 8/4 In the Province, noted for its high-flyers, the number of pupils quitting at 16 with nothing to show for it has long been an irony and an embarrassment. 2001 P. L. Levin Abigail Adams iii. 34 A bill to regulate the government of the province of Massachusetts Bay..was presented to Parliament. c. figurative and in extended use. ΚΠ 1612 J. Donne Second Anniuersarie 17 in First Anniuersarie A Prouince Pack'd vp in two yards of skinne. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. xxiii. 277 The..line of separation dijunging the province of organism from the rest of the mechanism territory. 1880 A. C. Swinburne Study of Shakespeare 73 Their spotted souls..hovering for an hour..on the confines of either province of hell. 1985 P. Alexander Navigable Waterways 42 Heat..will vacate the outermost provinces of hands and feet. 3. a. Roman History. A country or territory outside Italy, under Roman dominion, and administered by a governor from Rome. ΚΠ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxiii. 34 Whanne he hadde rad, and axid of what prouynce [L. provincia] he was,..knowinge for he was of Cilice. c1390 (?c1350) St. Augustine 64 in C. Horstmann Sammlung Altengl. Legenden (1878) 62 (MED) Austin þe doctour..Boren was in þe prouince of Affrican. a1500 (?a1400) Stanzaic Life of Christ (Harl. 3909) (1926) 321 (MED) Þe emperour..wold haue writen iche place, Prouince, shir, & eke cite, how mony thurȝe the world þer wer. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 100 Tessaile.., A prouynce appropret aperte to Rome. a1586 W. Stewart in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. clv. 46 For quha him selfe can not gyde nor avance Quhy sould ane province do on him depend? 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 144 His Ethnarchy reduced into a Romane Prouince, and the gouernment thereof committed vnto Pontius Pilate by Tyberius Cæsar. 1679 J. Davies in tr. Appian Hist. To Rdr. sig. Taking the whole Affairs of every Country from the first dealings the Romans had with them, till such time as they were reduced to a Roman Province, he makes every Book independant. 1710 R. Sibbald Hist. Fife & Kinross v. 16 That part of the Island which was beyond the Roman Province. 1756 W. Duncan tr. Cicero Sel. Orations xi. 389 You obtained a consular province. 1880 J. Muirhead tr. Gaius Institutes i. 4 There are no quaestors sent to the imperial provinces, where, consequently, the aedilitian edict is not propounded. 1904 W. M. Ramsay in Expositor Oct. 244 The Province was the aspect in which Rome presented itself to the people of Asia; and conversely the Province was the form under which the people of Asia constituted a part of the Empire. 1978 Listener 8 June 724/2 Xenophobically named after the old Roman province, the Dacia is, in fact, a licence-built French Renault. 2002 Britannia 33 224 The distribution of rural Roman buildings..shows a very marked distinction between the North and West and the South and East of the province. †b. spec. The region of south-eastern France corresponding to modern Provence (one of the earliest Roman provinces). Obsolete. ΚΠ ?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth lxvii. f. xcii By decre and ordynaunce: the prouynce of Fraunce [L. provincia Gallia] was decreed and commytted vnto hym to be recouered. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cxl^v He marched through the myddest of Italye..tyll he came in to prouynce of Fraunce [L. provinciam Galliam]. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. ccxix Ther be in the French prouince [L. prouincia Gallia] a people called Ualdois. 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes sig. Ii.iii^v Massile, the head towne of Gallia Narbonensis, (nowe called the prouince). 4. Christian Church. a. An area falling under the jurisdiction of an archbishop or metropolitan, usually consisting of a number of neighbouring dioceses. Formerly also: †an area falling under the jurisdiction of a synod of a Presbyterian church (obsolete).In quot. c1400: a diocese. ΚΠ c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xv. 562 (MED) Euery bisshop þat bereth crosse, by þat he is holden Thorw his prouynce to passe and to his peple to shewe hym, Tellen hem and techen hem on þe Trinite to bileue. 1425 Rolls of Parl. IV. 291/1 The Kyng..hath delivered the Bille to my Lord of Canterbury, chargyng hym to purveye of remedye for his Province; And semblably shall write to the Chirche of York for that Provynce. 1454 Rolls of Parl. V. 249/1 The Clergie of the Province of Caunterbury. 1580 in D. Masson Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1880) 1st Ser. III. 277 The diocie or province of Louthiane. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 181 The Provinciall Synods in both Provinces. 1649 (title) An apologetic declaration of the conscientious Presbyterians of the Province of London. 1703 W. Wake State of Church & Clergy of Eng. ii. 66 The Bishops and Clergy of the Province of Canterbury, had also Executed to Their majesties a Supplication to the same effect. 1772 F. S. Sullivan Hist. Treat. Feudal Law viii. 92 The same practice they pursued with respect the bishoprics, by exempting several of them in divers places from the archbishop of the province. 1861 J. G. Sheppard Fall of Rome xii. 644 To the parochial cities were attached bishops, to the provinces metropolitans, to the dioceses patriarchs. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 243/2 A court composed of an archbishop of the province and a judge of the High Court. 1983 K. M. MacMorran & K. J. T. Elphinstone Handbk. for Churchwardens & Parochial Church Councillors i. 1 The Province of Canterbury consisting of thirty.., and the Province of York, consisting of fourteen, dioceses, together constitute the Church of England as far as this country is concerned. 2001 Archit. Hist. 44 167 By this means he would strengthen his claim as bishop of Lindsey within the metropolitan province of Canterbury. b. A major territorial division in the organization of a religious, or military and religious, order. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > religious superior > provincial > [noun] > territory of province1663 1663 W. Prynne Philanax Protestant 20 They caused the picture of Ignatius their Founder to be cut in Brasse, with a goodly Olive Tree growing (like Jesses root) out of his side, spreading its branches into all Kingdomes and Provinces of the World, where the Jesuites have any Colledges and Seminaries, with the name of the Province at the foot of the branch, which hath as many leaves as they have Colledges and Residencies in that Province. 1698 in J. O. Payne Recds. Eng. Catholics of 1715 (1889) 112 To those of the Society of Jesus of the English Province. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Provincial The general of the Order has several Provinces under him. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 110/2 Although they [sc. the Jesuits] had also their respective generals residing at Rome, yet their authority over the distant convents of the various provinces was very limited. 1848 Secr. Societies, Templars 244 Besides these offices of the Order [sc. the Templars] there were the Great-priors, Great-preceptors, or Provincial Masters..of the three Provinces of Jerusalem, Tripoli, and Antioch. 1906 Tablet 15 Sept. 401 Ditton Hall, not far from Liverpool, where the exiled German province then had its theologate. 1993 Compass (Toronto) May–June 23/2 Father General Peter-Hans Kolvenbach..called again on Jesuit provinces to remain alert to this immense field of human need. 2006 Irish Times (Nexis) 2 Sept. 12 There also existed a large collection of material relating to the history of the order's Irish province. These collections were housed in the Franciscan friary at Merchants' Quay, Dublin. 5. In full province rose. = Provence rose n. at Provence n. Compounds. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > rose and allied flowers > rose > types of rose flower or bush summer rosea1456 French rose1538 damask rose?a1547 musk rose1559 province1562 winter rose1577 Austrian brier1590 rose of Provence1597 velvet rose1597 damasine-rose1607 Provence rose1614 blush-rose1629 maiden's blush1648 monthly rose tree1664 Provinsa1678 York and Lancaster rose1688 cinnamon rose1699 muscat rose1707 cabbage rose1727 China-rose1731 old-fashioned rose1773 moss rose1777 swamp rose1785 alba1797 Cherokee rose1804 Macartney rose1811 shepherd's rose1818 multiflora1820 prairie rose1822 Boursault1826 Banksian rose1827 maiden rose1827 moss1829 Noisette1829 seven sisters rose1830 Dundee rambler1834 Banksia rose1835 Chickasaw rose1835 Bourbon1836 climbing rose1836 green rose1837 hybrid China1837 Jaune Desprez1837 Lamarque1837 perpetual1837 pillar rose1837 rambler1837 wax rose1837 rugosa1840 China1844 Manetti1846 Banksian1847 remontant1847 gallica1848 hybrid perpetual1848 Persian Yellow1848 pole rose1848 monthly1849 tea rose1850 quarter sessions rose1851 Gloire de Dijon1854 Jacqueminot1857 Maréchal Niel1864 primrose1864 jack1867 La France1868 tea1869 Ramanas rose1876 Japanese rose1883 polyantha1883 old rose1885 American Beauty1887 hybrid tea1890 Japan rose1895 roselet1896 floribunda1898 Zéphirine Drouhin1901 Penzance briar1902 Dorothy Perkins1903 sweetheart1905 wichuraiana1907 mermaid1918 species rose1930 sweetheart rose1936 peace1944 shrub rose1948 1562 W. Bullein Bk. Simples f. lxxiij^v, in Bulwarke of Defence There be diuers and sondrie kindes of Roses, as the redde Rose, the white Rose, and the prouince Rose, which is excellent in medicine. 1597 J. Gerard Herball iii. 1082 The great Rose..is generally called the great Prouince Rose. 1629 J. Parkinson Paradisi in Sole cix. 413 The flowers are..of a sent not so sweete as the damaske Province. 1711 tr. H. van Oosten Dutch Gardener (ed. 2) i. xxi. 35 The great yellow Province-Rose..will not thrive unless it be shelter'd from rain. 1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Rosa The Damask, Province, and Frankfort Roses grow to the Height of seven or eight Feet. 1852 A. B. Strong Amer. Flora III. 105 The earliest flowering Rose is the Monthly... The Roses next in succession are..Province..in June, July and August. 1923 Bot. Gaz. 76 405 R. gallica, the province rose, with thirteen [hybrids]. 6. In plural. Chiefly with the. The parts of a country outside the capital or chief seat of government.Sometimes with negative connotations of a lack of culture or sophistication. Cf. provincial adj. 6. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > part of country or district > [noun] > the provinces provinces1789 region1949 1638 R. Baker tr. J. L. G. de Balzac New Epist. III. 31 In this worke..you shall finde..this sweete ayre of the wide world, and these dainties of the spirit, which are not common in our Provinces [Fr. nos Provinces]. 1789 Ann. Agric. 11 293 All the animation, vigour, life, and energy of luxury, consumption, and industry, which flow with a full tide through this kingdom, wherever there is a free communication between the capital and the provinces. a1845 S. Smith Elem. Sketches Moral Philos. (1850) xii. 168 Those opinions go down by the mail-coach, to regulate all matters of taste for the provinces. 1874 L. Stephen Hours in Libr. 1st Ser. vi. 341 The provinces differ from Paris in the nature of the social warfare. 1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xii. 88 In the provinces, as in London, Liberal journalists outnumber the Conservatives. 1919 J. Reed Ten Days that shook World i. 13 Young ladies from the provinces came up to the capital to learn French. 1970 J. G. Farrell Troubles i. 118 The Major wouldn't be interested in all this dull tattle from the provinces since he was in London at the very centre of things. 1991 Investors Chron. 26 July 65/3 Supposedly loyal workers were seduced and suddenly upped and offed to the new megafirms which were mushrooming both in the City and the provinces. 7. a. Biology and Ecology. An area containing a distinctive flora or fauna, esp. a division of a biogeographical region. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > region of the earth > zone or belt > [noun] > biogeographical zone > sub-biogeographical province1847 the world > life > biology > balance of nature > environment or habitat > [noun] > portion of subregion1830 province1847 realm1854 substrate1876 quadrat1904 transect1905 biotope1909 basal cover1923 microhabitat1931 basal area1938 tetrad1963 1847 H. C. Watson Cybele Britannica I. 14 Eighteen ‘Provinces’, or groups of counties, have been marked out on the map; and..they will be found more natural sections of the island than are the counties themselves. 1860 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 16 p. xxxv Thus natural provinces are constituted, each including a considerable number of forms peculiar to itself. 1932 G. D. Fuller & H. S. Conard tr. J. Braun-Blanquet Plant Sociol. xiv. 355 The province is..characterized by at least one climax community. 1947 R. Good Geogr. Flowering Plants ii. 38 This classification divides the floras and floristic units of the world first into kingdoms, then into regions.., and finally into provinces. 1992 Cambr. Encycl. Human Evol. (1994) v. i. 172/1 Some marine fossils of the Tethys found in the Indo-West Pacific province—around the Indian Ocean—differ substantially from those of the Mediterranean faunal province. b. Geology. In full petrographic province, petrographical province. An area containing a group of igneous rocks that appear to have been formed during the same period of igneous activity, and presumably from the same magma. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > rock > igneous rock > [noun] > area province1886 1886 J. W. Judd in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 42 54 There are distinct petrographical provinces, within which the rocks erupted during any particular geological period present certain well-marked peculiarities in mineralogical composition and microscopical structure, serving at once to distinguish them from the rocks belonging to the same general group, which were simultaneously erupted in other petrographical provinces. 1886 F. Rutley in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 42 96 Lavas of totally distinct characters are poured out from the same vent, so that the use of the term ‘petrographic province’ seemed to be of rather doubtful propriety. 1910 P. Lake & R. H. Rastall Text-bk. Geol. xiii. 230 The occurrence of chemical peculiarities running through all or nearly all the igneous rocks of a province shows that they are not all brought together by chance, but that there must be some real relationship between the different types. 1941 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 239 542 (heading) Compositions..of the salic portions of residual magmas in New Zealand petrographical provinces. 1993 Sci. Amer. Oct. 27/2 The most fundamental observation about these provinces is that they consist of basalt, a common, iron-and magnesium-rich rock. c. Geography. More fully physiographic province. An extensive region in which all areas have a broadly similar geology and topography and which differs significantly from adjacent regions. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > [noun] > province province1893 1893 14th Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Surv. 1892–3: Pt. 1 71 One of the results of this interpretation is the recognition of geologic provinces... The geologic province is the unit of past geography; throughout each the successive deposits represent a definite chronologic sequence, and throughout each there may generally be found definite, consistent, and mutually corroborative series of records of geologic events. 1895 B. Willis Northern Appalachians (National Geographic Monogr. I. No. 6) 197 The ranges of the mountains..were a barrier to intercourse long after the several topographic provinces had come under one national government. 1914 Ann. Assoc. Amer. Geographers 4 85 The confusion will be worse when the plotting of census and other statistics by physiographic provinces has become common. 1936 Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 20 1297 Although geologists and travellers subdivide the mountainous area of Chiapas into several sections..their related and combined features can be taken as a whole to form one large province. 2005 Quaternary Res. 64 265/1 Determining the timing of..ice advances on the Colorado Plateau is essential for understanding the response of this unique physiographic province to climatic shifts. d. Soil Science. In full soil province. An area containing a group of similar soils, all of which have been formed in the same way or from the same source. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > area of similar soil province1909 1872 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 35 355 In twelve provinces of Russia the proportion of tillage lands to the general area is about 50 per cent...; these are the central black soil provinces.] 1909 Bull. Bureau of Soils (U.S. Dept. Agric.) No. 55. 26 The complete scheme of classification, so far as perfected by the Bureau of Soils, also provides for the grouping of these series..into thirteen great soil provinces. 1958 Amer. Midl. Naturalist 59 398 The Dunkirk region is situated within the major soil province designated..as the gray-brown-podzolic. 1996 Geogr. Jrnl. 162 19 (caption) Sierra Leone: soil provinces. e. Oil Industry. = oil province n. at oil n.¹ Compounds 5. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral sources > [noun] > tract of land > oil province oil province1926 province1926 1926 E. R. Lilley Oil Industry iii. 22 The writer will use the term ‘province’ when referring to an area containing connected or related fields. 1971 Daily Tel. 29 Dec. 5/3 This huge oil yield from the northern ‘province’ of the North Sea will have important consequences for this country. 1991 Geogr. Jrnl. 157 183/2 The technique..provides a means of predicting quantitatively the outcome of future drilling, provided sufficient history is available for the province. †8. Taxonomy. A division of a subkingdom. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > kingdom or sub-kingdom kingdom1624 family1651 race1697 reign1744 subkingdom1825 province1866 urkingdom1977 domain1990 1866 R. Owen On Anat. Vertebr. I. Pref. 9 Illustrations..will be found in the chapters on the Articulate Province and other parts of the ‘Lectures on Invertebrates’. 1870 Amer. Naturalist 3 607 Professor Huxley very clearly sets forth the characteristics of the group, or Subkingdom, of Vertebrata, and as plainly indicates the three Provinces into which it is divisible. II. A sphere of action or interest. 9. A sphere of action, influence, or responsibility; the proper function or area of concern of a particular person or group; duty, business. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > duties > [noun] > sphere of work, business, or activity field1340 vineyardc1380 orb1598 spherea1616 province1616 work field1684 purview1688 scope1830 coverage1930 shtick1965 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iii. ii, in Wks. I. 553 Get tosts, and butter, made for the wood-cocks. That's a fit prouince for you. View more context for this quotation a1626 F. Bacon Q. Elizabeth in Mor. & Hist. Wks. (Bohn) 480 This is not a subject for the pen of a monk, or any such cloistered writer... Certainly this is a province for men of the first rank. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan xxii This word province signifies a charge, or care of business, which he whose business it is, committeth to another man. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. Pref. p. ii It is a difficult Province to write the History of the Civil Wars of a great and powerful Nation. 1769 J. Hall-Stevenson Yorick's Sentimental Journey Continued III. 105 My province was..to carry home the goods. 1787 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 103 It is neither in my province, nor in my power, to remedy them. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. x. 657 James had invaded the province of the legislature. 1888 ‘M. Robertson’ Lombard St. Myst. xii. 118 How he had secured an entrance..it is not our province to inquire. 1921 L. Strachey Queen Victoria iii. 79 The foreign policy of England was not his province; it was hers and her Ministers'. 1958 G. Greene Our Man in Havana ii. i. 70 Dr. Hasselbacher never talked in terms of morality; it was outside the province of a doctor. 1988 S. Quinn Mind of her Own vii. 139 In the early nineteenth century, psychic life had been viewed in Germany as the province as much of philosophy as of medicine. 10. A division or branch of any subject or sphere of knowledge.In extended use in quot. 1709. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > topic, subject-matter > affair, business, concern > [noun] > field of interest > division of province1690 subfield1894 subdiscipline1912 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iv. xx. 362 They seemed to me to be the three great Provinces of the intellectual World, wholly separate and distinct one from another. 1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §115. 132 The two distinct Provinces of Sight and Touch. 1710 G. Berkeley Treat. Princ. Human Knowl. §101 The two great provinces of speculative science,..Natural Philosophy and Mathematics. 1782 J. Warton Ess. on Pope (new ed.) II. xi. 326 He early left the more poetical provinces of his art, to become a moral, didactic, and satiric poet. 1839 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe IV. vii. 503 In the provinces of erudition and of polite letters..some tendency towards a coalition began to appear. 1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) ii. xii. 505 In the provinces of Æsthetics and Morals. 1944 Jrnl. Warburg & Courtauld Inst. 7 107 After having thus explained the relation to the arts to other intellectual provinces, Barbaro carries on with a definition of the arts in detail. 1998 Public Admin. Rev. 58 189 Scholars representing both academic provinces were asked to contribute articles. Compounds C1. General attributive (chiefly U.S., now historical; cf. sense 2b). † province cost n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1758 S. Thompson Diary (1896) 20 We eat supper and breakfast on Province cost. province seal n. ΚΠ 1648 B. Plantagenet Descr. New Albion 6 Having obtained under the Province Seal my grant of my Manor of Belvill. 1724 Acts & Laws Mass. 31 Every Writ for Electing of Assembly-men, directed to the Sheriff or Marshall, under the Province Seal, Five Shillings, to be paid out of the Publick Revenue. 1897 Amer. Hist. Rev. 2 659 Gov. Dongan in 1683 was instructed to grant lands under the province seal, reserving a certain yearly rent and service to the duke and his heirs. 1982 William & Mary Q. 39 332 A decade later, in 1722, another reward of £50 went to Capt. John Smyter for safely bringing the new province seal to South Carolina despite shipwreck off Charleston's harbor. † province store n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1760 Douglass's Summary State Brit. Settlements N.-Amer. (new ed.) I. 535 (table) Province store sloop. 1763 J. Woolman Jrnl. 15 June (1971) viii. 131 Going down the river to the province store at Shamokin. C2. province line n. the boundary or border of a province; spec. †the line of latitude marking the border between the province of Lower Canada and the United States (obsolete). ΚΠ 1722 Jrnl. House of Representatives Massachusetts-Bay 74 They may have liberty to purchase some lands lying between the Towns of Oxford, Brimfield, Brookfield, and the Province line. 1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. III. 277 The bay itself..is intersected by what is called the province-line; that is, by the forty-fifth degree of north latitude, which is the southern boundary of Lower Canada. 1870 Rep. Commissioners Intercolonial Railway 25 A contract has been lately let in the Province of Quebec, for a line of railway..from Lennoxville to the Province line, where it connects with the Passumpsic Railway in the United States. 2004 M. N. Lurie & M. Mappen Encycl. New Jersey 71/3 Bounded by the Hudson and Hackensack rivers from the New York province line to Newark Bay. province man n. chiefly U.S. (now historical) a Canadian from the Maritime Provinces ΚΠ 1758 L. Lyon in Milit. Jrnls. (1855) 14 There was a regiment of province men come up to Schenacata. a1862 H. D. Thoreau Maine Woods (1864) i. 13 A Province man was betraying his greenness to the Yankees by his questions. 1916 A. Cary How Lumbermen have Served Public 7 A settlement of good Americans or Province men or Scandinavians about a sawmill. province-wide adj. extending throughout a province; relating to the whole of a province. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > an administrative division of territory > [adjective] > relating to large division > throughout a province province-wide1910 1910 Manitoba Morning Free Press 30 July 21/4 The announcement that a provincial campaign for a province-wide law is likely to come immediately, greatly cheered the temperance forces. 1964 P. Worsley in I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 380 Government intervention in province-wide infrastructural fields, such as air-ways, bus-lines, insurance etc. 1995 Independent 23 Feb. 19/1 An outline framework for new political institutions in Northern Ireland to include; Province-wide executive responsibilities, [etc.]. Derivatives ˈprovincehood n. chiefly Canadian the condition or status of being a province; (also) the time at which provincial status is granted. ΚΠ 1946 Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 24 Jan. 4/1 Judge Fairbairn epitomized the younger men who have been coming to the fore the past few years, taking over the reins from those who were the pioneers of the Province at provincehood. 1992 Maclean's 10 Aug. 15/2 The Northwest Territories and the Yukon should be allowed to achieve province-hood with the consent of Ottawa alone. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1382
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