† provison.²

Forms: 1600s prouiso, 1600s–1800s proviso.

Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian provese.

Etymology: Apparently < Italian regional (Venice) provese (a1487), probably ultimately < post-classical Latin prosnesium mooring rope, painter (at bow or stern) (a636 in Isidore), itself ultimately < ancient Greek πρυμνήσιον stern-rope (usually in plural), use as noun of neuter of πρυμνήσιος relating to the stern < πρύμνα stern (use as noun of feminine of πρύμνος hindmost, lowermost, of unknown origin) + -ήσιος , suffix forming adjectives; the Latin word apparently shows alteration after Greek words in πρός to, towards (see prosody n.), unless it reflects an unattested variant of the Greek word showing the same alteration. Compare Italian prodese (a1347), apparently an alteration of provese (although this is first attested later) after proda bow (now archaic; alteration, with dissimilation, of prora < classical Latin prōra : see prora n.).The English borrowing apparently shows alteration of the ending after Italian masculine nouns ending in -o.

Nautical. Obsolete.

A hawser attached to the shore to help steady a moored vessel. Chiefly in to moor a proviso.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > for securing vessel > large

hawser1338

hawse1598

proviso1625

swing1850

1625 H. Mainwaring Nomenclator Navalis (MS BL Add. 21571) f. 95^v If..[a ship] have but one [anchor] a-grounde and a Hawser a Shore (which is called a Proviso)..Shee is Moored with her head to the Shore.

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 45 To more a Prouiso, is to haue one anchor in the riuer, and a hawser a shore, which is mored with her head a shore.

1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. (at cited word) To Moor a Proviso, is to have one Anchor out, and a Hawser a-shore; then the Ship is Moord with her Head a Shore.

1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Proviso, in the Sea Phrase, for a Ship to Moor a Proviso, is for her to have one Anchor out, and also a Hawser ashore, and so she is moored with her Head to the Shore with two Cables.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Proviso, a stern-fast or hawser carried to the shore to steady by. A ship with one anchor down and a shore-fast is moored a proviso.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

provisoconj.n.¹

Brit.

/prəˈvʌɪzəʊ/, U.S.

/prəˈvaɪzoʊ/,

/proʊˈvaɪzoʊ/

Inflections: Plural provisos, provisoes.

Forms: late Middle English provyso, late Middle English– proviso, 1500s provysowe, 1500s–1600s prouiso, 1500s–1600s prouisoe, 1600s prouisso, 1600s provisoe, 1600s provizo, 1600s provizoe.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin proviso, prōvīsō.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin proviso (in formula proviso quod (legal phrase) it being provided that (frequently c1266–1549 in British sources)), specific use of classical Latin prōvīsō, ablative neuter singular past participle of prōvidēre provide v. Compare purview n.

†A. conj.

‘Provided (that)’: used disjunctively to mark the introduction of a clause, etc., stipulating a condition, qualification, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > on condition that [conjunction]

anda1225

on condition thatc1369

purveyed1398

for why thata1400

providing1423

provided1430

proviso1434

savingc1450

provided1463

moyenant that?1473

on, upon (under, up, in, by, of, with) the (this, that, such, a) condition1535

providing1552

so as1585

condition1599

1434 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) IV. 272 (MED) Proviso: þat yf for lak of artillerie & reparacion to be purveid for þe castell of Berwyk..þat þe capitaine be discharged of his bonde.

1629 Vse of Law 58 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light Not extendable for the Debts of the party after his death: Proviso, not to put away the Land from his next heyre.

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica ii. xiv. 350 If this be an excursion, let it be pardoned, Proviso, that we remember that the Planets have the great hand in this remarkable Tempest.

1794 in Naval Documents U.S. Wars Barbary Powers (U.S. Office Naval Rec.) (1939) I. 83 Conclude with the Dey on the terms you offered or proposed that is proviso if the Ambassador will find himself Justifyable to Delegate his commission or powers to persons of Confidence and friends of the United States.

B. n.¹

1. A clause in a legal or formal document, making some condition, stipulation, exception, or limitation; a clause upon the observance of which the operation or validity of the instrument depends; gen. a condition or qualification; a stipulation or provision.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] > reservation, proviso

conditionc1315

preveance?1316

purview1442

proviso1443

provision1450

saving1478

forprise1530

cautel1541

caveat1579

postulate1588

cautiona1593

non obstante1604

reservation1606

unless1606

reservancy1630

salvo1642

reserve1644

stipulation1792

reserver1807

get-out clause1912

clausula rebus sic stantibus1939

escape clause1945

1443 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 227 (MED) The Kyng graunted..þat þei by þeim & þeire servantz may bye wolles hydes..with a proviso þat þei shippe non oþer wolles.

1473 Rolls of Parl. VI. 84/2 Provided alwey that this Acte..extend nor in any wise be prejudiciall unto William Herbert..All Grauntes..that come to oure handes or possession by the forfeiture of Sir John Skudamore Knyght oonly excepte and forprised oute of this proviso.

1489 in J. P. Collier Trevelyan Papers (1857) 93 With the same condicions and provisoes.

1509–10 Act 1 Hen. VIII c. 15 The seid acte of restitucion wyth the Provysowes conteyned in the same.

1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 421 They did receiue all into the number of citizens..with a prouiso, that they were borne free.

1610 Histrio-mastix vi. 236 Sirs, those provisos will not serve the turn.

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) Advt. sig. A6 Papists per Proviso, were such as had provisoes in that Act [sc. the Act of Settlement].

1716 Boston Newsletter 5–11 Nov. 1/1 It is His Majesty's Will and Pleasure, that the said Acts, And every Clause, Article and Proviso therein, be strictly and duely Comply'd with.

1765 Museum Rusticum 4 260 Lucerne will grow very well in clay land, with proviso the ground works well.

1798 Landlords & Tenants (MS HA11/C4/4, Rous Family Arch., Ipswich & E. Suffolk Rec. Office) in J. Thirsk & J. Imray Suffolk Farming 19th Cent. (1958) 103 Under the usual covenants, provisoes, reservations, etc., the sd. William Fisher is allowed to break up any of the lands.

1831 T. H. Benton Thirty Years' View I. 202/2 With a proviso for the District of Columbia.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic ix. 298 The Major Premise of the sophism is not true except with a proviso or limitation.

1878 F. Harrison in Fortn. Rev. Nov. 692 There are some other provisoes with which I think it is necessary to guard Austin's analyses of primary legal notions.

1930 W. S. Churchill My Early Life xxvi. 349 I was free to proceed to Bloemfontein, with the proviso however that before taking up my duties as War Correspondent I should receive an admonition from the Military Secretary to the Commander-in-Chief against reckless and uncharitable criticism.

1965 P. Arrowsmith Jericho xxv. 268 One..wanted to make a proviso that no bearded person should be sent an invitation.

1995 Imprimis Apr. 5/1 That defines the purpose of a law or constitutional proviso.

2. trial by proviso n. Law (now historical and rare) a trial continued at the request of the defendant in a case in which the plaintiff, after beginning proceedings, decides not to pursue the prosecution.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > trial > other types of trial

oyer?a1475

trial by proviso1676

political trial1774

drumhead court-martial1835

trial at bar1866

speedy trial1894

show trial1928

treason trial1930

war trial1949

split trial1960

spy trial1972

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ggg1^v/2 If the plaintife or demaundant desist in prosecuting an action, by bringing it to a triall, the defendant or tenent may take out the venire facias to the Shyreeue: which hath in it these words, Prouiso quod, &c. to this ende, that if the plaintife take out any writ to that purpose, the shyreeue shall summon but one Iurie vpon them both.]

1676 Practick Part of Law (new ed.) 305 Many times the Plaintiff's Attorney, or the Defendent's Attorney, if you go to tryal by Proviso, write the same, that he may dispatch his Client's business the sooner.

1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. xxiii. 357 The defendant..willing to discharge himself from the action, will himself undertake to bring on the trial... Which proceeding is called the trial by proviso; by reason of the clause then inserted in the sheriff's venire, viz. ‘proviso, that if two writs come to your hands..you shall execute only one of them’.

1796 W. Tidd Pract. Court King's Bench i. xxxi. 269 Of a trial by proviso, the defendant must give the like notice to the plaintiff, as the plaintiff would have been obliged to give him.

1826 H. Cary Pract. Treat. Law Juries 47 There can be no trial by proviso in a cause of the crown, because there can be no default nor laches.

1987 Law & Hist. Rev. 5 224 The defendant could bring the cause to trial by proviso in the next ensuing term.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	proviso
释义	† provison.² Forms: 1600s prouiso, 1600s–1800s proviso. Origin: Apparently a borrowing from Italian. Etymon: Italian provese. Etymology: Apparently < Italian regional (Venice) provese (a1487), probably ultimately < post-classical Latin prosnesium mooring rope, painter (at bow or stern) (a636 in Isidore), itself ultimately < ancient Greek πρυμνήσιον stern-rope (usually in plural), use as noun of neuter of πρυμνήσιος relating to the stern < πρύμνα stern (use as noun of feminine of πρύμνος hindmost, lowermost, of unknown origin) + -ήσιος , suffix forming adjectives; the Latin word apparently shows alteration after Greek words in πρός to, towards (see prosody n.), unless it reflects an unattested variant of the Greek word showing the same alteration. Compare Italian prodese (a1347), apparently an alteration of provese (although this is first attested later) after proda bow (now archaic; alteration, with dissimilation, of prora < classical Latin prōra : see prora n.).The English borrowing apparently shows alteration of the ending after Italian masculine nouns ending in -o. Nautical. Obsolete. A hawser attached to the shore to help steady a moored vessel. Chiefly in to moor a proviso. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > for securing vessel > large hawser1338 hawse1598 proviso1625 swing1850 1625 H. Mainwaring Nomenclator Navalis (MS BL Add. 21571) f. 95^v If..[a ship] have but one [anchor] a-grounde and a Hawser a Shore (which is called a Proviso)..Shee is Moored with her head to the Shore. 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 45 To more a Prouiso, is to haue one anchor in the riuer, and a hawser a shore, which is mored with her head a shore. 1705 tr. G. Guillet de Saint-Georges Gentleman's Dict. (at cited word) To Moor a Proviso, is to have one Anchor out, and a Hawser a-shore; then the Ship is Moord with her Head a Shore. 1710 J. Harris Lexicon Technicum II Proviso, in the Sea Phrase, for a Ship to Moor a Proviso, is for her to have one Anchor out, and also a Hawser ashore, and so she is moored with her Head to the Shore with two Cables. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Proviso, a stern-fast or hawser carried to the shore to steady by. A ship with one anchor down and a shore-fast is moored a proviso. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online June 2021). provisoconj.n.¹ Brit. /prəˈvʌɪzəʊ/, U.S. /prəˈvaɪzoʊ/, /proʊˈvaɪzoʊ/ Inflections: Plural provisos, provisoes. Forms: late Middle English provyso, late Middle English– proviso, 1500s provysowe, 1500s–1600s prouiso, 1500s–1600s prouisoe, 1600s prouisso, 1600s provisoe, 1600s provizo, 1600s provizoe. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin proviso, prōvīsō. Etymology: < post-classical Latin proviso (in formula proviso quod (legal phrase) it being provided that (frequently c1266–1549 in British sources)), specific use of classical Latin prōvīsō, ablative neuter singular past participle of prōvidēre provide v. Compare purview n. †A. conj. ‘Provided (that)’: used disjunctively to mark the introduction of a clause, etc., stipulating a condition, qualification, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > on condition that [conjunction] anda1225 on condition thatc1369 purveyed1398 for why thata1400 providing1423 provided1430 proviso1434 savingc1450 provided1463 moyenant that?1473 on, upon (under, up, in, by, of, with) the (this, that, such, a) condition1535 providing1552 so as1585 condition1599 1434 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) IV. 272 (MED) Proviso: þat yf for lak of artillerie & reparacion to be purveid for þe castell of Berwyk..þat þe capitaine be discharged of his bonde. 1629 Vse of Law 58 in J. Doddridge Lawyers Light Not extendable for the Debts of the party after his death: Proviso, not to put away the Land from his next heyre. 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica ii. xiv. 350 If this be an excursion, let it be pardoned, Proviso, that we remember that the Planets have the great hand in this remarkable Tempest. 1794 in Naval Documents U.S. Wars Barbary Powers (U.S. Office Naval Rec.) (1939) I. 83 Conclude with the Dey on the terms you offered or proposed that is proviso if the Ambassador will find himself Justifyable to Delegate his commission or powers to persons of Confidence and friends of the United States. B. n.¹ 1. A clause in a legal or formal document, making some condition, stipulation, exception, or limitation; a clause upon the observance of which the operation or validity of the instrument depends; gen. a condition or qualification; a stipulation or provision. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > [noun] > reservation, proviso conditionc1315 preveance?1316 purview1442 proviso1443 provision1450 saving1478 forprise1530 cautel1541 caveat1579 postulate1588 cautiona1593 non obstante1604 reservation1606 unless1606 reservancy1630 salvo1642 reserve1644 stipulation1792 reserver1807 get-out clause1912 clausula rebus sic stantibus1939 escape clause1945 1443 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 227 (MED) The Kyng graunted..þat þei by þeim & þeire servantz may bye wolles hydes..with a proviso þat þei shippe non oþer wolles. 1473 Rolls of Parl. VI. 84/2 Provided alwey that this Acte..extend nor in any wise be prejudiciall unto William Herbert..All Grauntes..that come to oure handes or possession by the forfeiture of Sir John Skudamore Knyght oonly excepte and forprised oute of this proviso. 1489 in J. P. Collier Trevelyan Papers (1857) 93 With the same condicions and provisoes. 1509–10 Act 1 Hen. VIII c. 15 The seid acte of restitucion wyth the Provysowes conteyned in the same. 1579 T. North tr. Plutarch Liues 421 They did receiue all into the number of citizens..with a prouiso, that they were borne free. 1610 Histrio-mastix vi. 236 Sirs, those provisos will not serve the turn. a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) Advt. sig. A6 Papists per Proviso, were such as had provisoes in that Act [sc. the Act of Settlement]. 1716 Boston Newsletter 5–11 Nov. 1/1 It is His Majesty's Will and Pleasure, that the said Acts, And every Clause, Article and Proviso therein, be strictly and duely Comply'd with. 1765 Museum Rusticum 4 260 Lucerne will grow very well in clay land, with proviso the ground works well. 1798 Landlords & Tenants (MS HA11/C4/4, Rous Family Arch., Ipswich & E. Suffolk Rec. Office) in J. Thirsk & J. Imray Suffolk Farming 19th Cent. (1958) 103 Under the usual covenants, provisoes, reservations, etc., the sd. William Fisher is allowed to break up any of the lands. 1831 T. H. Benton Thirty Years' View I. 202/2 With a proviso for the District of Columbia. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic ix. 298 The Major Premise of the sophism is not true except with a proviso or limitation. 1878 F. Harrison in Fortn. Rev. Nov. 692 There are some other provisoes with which I think it is necessary to guard Austin's analyses of primary legal notions. 1930 W. S. Churchill My Early Life xxvi. 349 I was free to proceed to Bloemfontein, with the proviso however that before taking up my duties as War Correspondent I should receive an admonition from the Military Secretary to the Commander-in-Chief against reckless and uncharitable criticism. 1965 P. Arrowsmith Jericho xxv. 268 One..wanted to make a proviso that no bearded person should be sent an invitation. 1995 Imprimis Apr. 5/1 That defines the purpose of a law or constitutional proviso. 2. trial by proviso n. Law (now historical and rare) a trial continued at the request of the defendant in a case in which the plaintiff, after beginning proceedings, decides not to pursue the prosecution. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > [noun] > trial > other types of trial oyer?a1475 trial by proviso1676 political trial1774 drumhead court-martial1835 trial at bar1866 speedy trial1894 show trial1928 treason trial1930 war trial1949 split trial1960 spy trial1972 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ggg1^v/2 If the plaintife or demaundant desist in prosecuting an action, by bringing it to a triall, the defendant or tenent may take out the venire facias to the Shyreeue: which hath in it these words, Prouiso quod, &c. to this ende, that if the plaintife take out any writ to that purpose, the shyreeue shall summon but one Iurie vpon them both.] 1676 Practick Part of Law (new ed.) 305 Many times the Plaintiff's Attorney, or the Defendent's Attorney, if you go to tryal by Proviso, write the same, that he may dispatch his Client's business the sooner. 1768 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. III. xxiii. 357 The defendant..willing to discharge himself from the action, will himself undertake to bring on the trial... Which proceeding is called the trial by proviso; by reason of the clause then inserted in the sheriff's venire, viz. ‘proviso, that if two writs come to your hands..you shall execute only one of them’. 1796 W. Tidd Pract. Court King's Bench i. xxxi. 269 Of a trial by proviso, the defendant must give the like notice to the plaintiff, as the plaintiff would have been obliged to give him. 1826 H. Cary Pract. Treat. Law Juries 47 There can be no trial by proviso in a cause of the crown, because there can be no default nor laches. 1987 Law & Hist. Rev. 5 224 The defendant could bring the cause to trial by proviso in the next ensuing term. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.²1625conj.n.¹1434
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† provison.2

provisoconj.n.1

† provison.²

provisoconj.n.¹