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单词 provocative
释义

provocativeadj.n.

Brit. /prəˈvɒkətɪv/, U.S. /prəˈvɑkədɪv/, /proʊˈvɑkədɪv/
Forms: late Middle English prouocative, late Middle English prouocatyve, late Middle English provocatyue, late Middle English–1500s prouocatyue, 1500s–1600s prouocatiue, 1600s provocatiue, 1600s provokative, 1600s– provocative; Scottish pre-1700 prouocative, pre-1700 prouocatyue, pre-1700 1700s– provocative.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French provocatif; Latin provocativus.
Etymology: < Middle French provocatif (in medical use) having the property of provoking a reaction, condition, etc. (c1381), having the quality of provoking or calling forth (1486) and its etymon post-classical Latin provocativus having the quality of provoking or calling forth (early 3rd cent. in Tertullian) < classical Latin prōvocāt- , past participial stem of prōvocāre provoke v. + -īvus -ive suffix. Compare Old Occitan provocatiu (14th cent.), Catalan provocatiu (a1403 or earlier), Spanish provocativo (1530), Portuguese provocativo (15th cent.), Italian provocativo (14th cent.). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin provocativum (neuter) medicine or remedy that induces a certain condition (13th cent. in a British source).
A. adj.
1. That elicits forgiveness from God. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 215 (MED) Alle children synnyng..myȝte deserue forȝeuenes of synne and deserve meede of glorie by prouocative meenys..as ben repentaunce, louly preier, forberyng synne.
c1475 (c1445) R. Pecock Donet (1921) 47 (MED) Þe formest dede among þo prouocatyve meenys..is contricioun.
2. That excites appetite or lust; spec. intended or intending to arouse sexual desire or interest.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual desire > [adjective] > causing sexual excitement or desire
sweet in (the, one's) beda1300
provocatoryc1443
provocative?a1505
marrow-burning?1592
marrow-eating1593
marrow-melting1593
tickle1604
marrow-boiling1605
venereous1611
venerious1620
veneral1651
aphrodisiacal1719
erogenic1887
erogenous1889
erotogenic1909
erotogenous1928
pervy1945
bodacious1991
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [adjective] > inciting to lust or lechery
lecherousa1382
provocatoryc1443
provocative?a1505
lascivious1589
libidinous1601
flesh-enraging?1605
lustful?1610
tentiginous1684
a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid l. 226 in Poems (1981) 118 Vnder smyling scho was dissimulait, Prouocatiue with blenkis amorous.
1576 T. Newton tr. L. Lemnie Touchstone of Complexions ii. f. 106 A man maye feele himselfe lighter and lustyer, and hauing disburdened..himselfe of his prouocatiue superfluous Sperme, to fetch his breath the better.
1621 T. W. tr. S. Goulart Wise Vieillard 65 To seeke after meats and provocatiue drugs, to enflame and stirre vp their beastly lustes.
1642 F. Kinnaston Leoline & Sydanis 141 It hath a quality provocative: For Venus in the Sugars propagation Is said to have a soveraigne domination.
1769 E. Bancroft Ess. Nat. Hist. Guiana 381 Diseases..have been augmented by cookery, with its stimulating provocative arts.
1836 N. P. Willis Inklings of Adventure II. 40 This..has a spell in its spicy breath provocative as a philtre, and is to be burnt in your lady's chamber.
1897 G. Gissing Whirlpool i. vi. 60 Her mouth, no longer mobile and provocative, trembled on the verge of sobs, pathetic, childlike.
1933 F. Baldwin Innocent Bystander (1935) ix. 172 She hadn't bothered to be exotic and provocative with him.
1960 Guardian 22 July 7/2 Three East Berlin peroxide girls whose beehives tower over provocative curves.
1998 I. Rankin Beggars Banquet (2002) 220 From their looks, Caldwell knew they were playing some provocative game of footsie under the table.
3. Having the quality of provoking, inciting, or giving rise to a specified state, condition, etc. (sometimes with of, formerly also †to); spec. causing anger or another strong reaction, esp. deliberately; stimulating, irritating, challenging.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective] > causing anger
angering1596
provocativea1600
incensive1633
provokinga1643
provocating1651
aggravating1685
inflammatorya1711
provocatory1870
hackle-raising1935
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [adjective] > irritating
stinginga1250
provocativea1600
nettling1607
provokinga1643
provocating1651
urging1655
aggravating1685
irritating1707
piquing1794
enfevering1799
naggy1825
exasperative1837
raspish1854
exasperating1858
nagging1859
riling1860
provocatory1870
irritative1878
enraging1880
irritant1885
naggish1885
antagonizing1896
teasy1901
soddish1922
pissy1930
jerk1947
needling1958
the mind > will > motivation > [adjective] > inciting or instigating > instigating or calling forth
evocative1657
provocative1812
a1600 (?c1535) tr. H. Boece Hist. Scotl. (Mar Lodge) f. 456v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue (at cited word) This mekillwort..is ane herbe..having liquore provocative to sleip.
1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. 99 Not to be hasty, rash, provocative, or upbraiding in our language.
1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 41 The people..accosted him with reviling and provocative language.
1812 L. Hunt in Examiner 7 Dec. 769/1 Hard of digestion or provocative of fever.
1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi Hist. Ital. Republics xv. 331 Pescara..determined on adopting the part of provocative agent instead of rebel.
1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 208 Rich endowments have not been found in practice invariably provocative of mental activity.
1921 J. Galsworthy To Let 270 Pace and progress pleased him less and less; there was an ostentation, too, about a car which he considered provocative in the prevailing mood of Labour.
1940 W. C. Reckless Criminal Behaviour i. 2 Determining what factors are provocative of criminal behavior and to what degree.
1967 A. Djoleto Strange Man vii. 114 He saw a boy..making faces at him, sticking his tongue out at him and then grinning in the most provocative manner.
1992 Mod. Painters Spring 17/1 Dix was a provocative artist: he liked to paint what he knew people wouldn't like to look at.
B. n. Frequently with to, of.
1. Anything that excites appetite or lust; esp. an aphrodisiac. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual desire > [noun] > that which excites
provocativea1450
brandy1903
turn-on1969
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [noun] > anything inciting lust or lechery
provocativea1450
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual desire > [noun] > aphrodisiac
aphrodisiac1710
provocative1790
love-juice1972
a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Harl. 4866) (1897) 1608 For luste of hire wommen & plesaunce..þei receyuen eeke prouocatyues Tengendre hem luste.
?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth liii. f. lxxiiii Thynges as be norisshynges or prouocatiues to glotony.
1583 P. Stubbes Anat. Abuses sig. B.viiv This sinne of excesse in Apparell, remayneth as an Example of euyll before our eyes, and as a prouocatiue to sinne, as Experience daylye sheweth.
1630 M. Drayton David & Goliah in Muses Elizium 204 His locks of hayre,..Tost to and fro, did with such pleasure moue, As they had beene prouocatiues for loue.
1684 T. Otway Atheist iii. 30 Wealth is a great Provocative to am'rous heat.
1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure II. 88 Such rare and exquisite provocatives as the examples of the night had proved towards..exalting our pleasures.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 93 Swallowing down repeated provocatives of cantharides. View more context for this quotation
1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. 236 Men of palsied imaginations..greedy after vicious provocatives.
1859 J. S. Knowles William Tell i. i. 120 My fair May lack no sweet provocative of love.
1993 A. Brink On Contrary i. 60 They are the most intemperate wretches upon earth..and greedily swallow, and enflame themselves with, all the provocatives they can come at till they are got with child.
2. gen. Something that provokes or produces an action, reaction, condition, etc.; an incentive, stimulus.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > incitement or instigation > that which incites or instigates
prickleOE
pritchOE
alighting1340
brodc1375
bellowsc1386
pricka1387
motivec1390
prompting1402
preparativec1450
stirmentc1460
incentive?a1475
fomenta1500
farda1522
instigation1526
pointing1533
swinge1548
spur1551
whetstone1551
goad1567
promptitude1578
alarm1587
inducement1593
solicitor1594
incitement1596
inflammation1597
instance1597
excitement1604
moving spirit1604
heart-blood1606
inflamer1609
rouser1611
stimulator1614
motioner1616
incensivea1618
incitative1620
incitation1622
whettera1625
impulsivea1628
excitation1628
incendiary1628
dispositive1629
fomentationa1631
switch1630
stirrer1632
irritament1634
provocative1638
impetus1641
driving force1642
driving power1642
engagement1642
firer1653
propellant1654
fomentary1657
impulse1660
urgency1664
impeller1686
fillip1699
shove1724
incitive1736
stimulative1747
bonus1787
stimulus1791
impellent1793
stimulant1794
propulsion1800
instigant1833
propulsive1834
motive power1836
evoker1845
motivity1857
afflatus1865
flip1881
urge1882
agent provocateur1888
will to power1896
a shot in the arm1922
motivator1929
driver1971
co-driver1993
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 118 The Pagans..made the fury and anger of the English meere provocatives of scorne and laughter.
1703 Earl of Orrery As you find It iv. iii. 53 The dullness of the Preacher doth not chance to prove a sufficient provocative to mortification.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 47. ¶5 To examine into the several Provocatives of Laughter in Men of superior Sense and Knowledge.
1797 T. Holcroft Adventures Hugh Trevor IV. xiv. 193 The desire of wealth and fame are two of the strongest provocatives to faith that the sagacity of selfishness has ever yet discovered.
1874 J. S. Blackie On Self-culture 66 Vanity is another provocative of lies.
1888 W. Denton Eng. in 15th Cent. iii. 202 Precautions were taken..to prevent the adulteration of these drinks with peony seed,..and other provocatives to thirst.
1907 Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. Amer. 22 209 These have been interpreted, according to the law of the association of ideas, as provocatives of the hallucinations.
1964 P. E. Coletta W. J. Bryan III. i. 3 Bryan..sincerely believed that military preparedness was a provocative of war rather than a safeguard of peace.
1991 Jrnl. Mod. Hist. 63 822 How does Mayer's most recent book, Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? fit into this succession of provocatives?

Derivatives

proˈvocatively adv.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [adverb] > in manner to cause anger
splenously1606
provocatively1661
provokingly1705
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [adverb] > in irritating manner
to the sensea1616
provocatively1661
provokingly1705
aggravatingly1747
exasperatingly1851
irritatingly1865
naggingly1895
the world > physical sensation > sexual relations > sexual desire > [adverb]
provokingly1615
erotically1882
provocatively1882
sexily1929
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [adverb] > in a manner exciting lust
provokingly1615
provocatively1882
1661 H. Dawbeny Sober Disc. Liturgies xiii. 59 To convince us, over whom he so provocatively insults.
1882 R. L. Stevenson New Arabian Nights II. 192 A red flower set provocatively in her corset.
1988 R. Christiansen Romantic Affinities iii. 181 She..followed the custom of receiving morning visitors in bed, provocatively revealing her Rubensesque flesh and form.
proˈvocativeness n. provokingness.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [noun] > causing anger > quality or condition of causing
provocativeness1684
provokingness1837
the mind > emotion > anger > irritation > [noun] > action of irritating > irritating quality
provocativeness1684
irritancy1834
provokingness1837
naggingness1898
1684 R. Burthogge Argument Infants Baptisme ii. 83 Sensible of the great Provokativeness, and of the as great Unfitness and Undecency of it.
1713 J. Bernard Lives Rom. Emperors (ed. 2) I. 187 He seldom was without all Sorts of Beans, Pease, and Pulse-meats at his Table, for the benefit of their provocativeness.
1881 J. Ruskin in 19th Cent. Oct. 526 It is..only when he has lost his temper that the inherent provocativeness comes out.
1994 Independent on Sunday 4 Sept. (Review Suppl.) 34/2 The mood of Ballard's novel to this point is teasing and sardonic—a bit uncomfortable, too... It's so aware of its provocativeness.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.c1443
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