putamenn.

Brit.

/pjuːˈteɪmɛn/,

/pjuːˈteɪm(ə)n/, U.S.

/pjuˈteɪm(ə)n/

Inflections: Plural putamina, (rare) putamens.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin putāmen, putamen.

Etymology: < classical Latin putāmen hard outer covering, husk, shell, in post-classical Latin also putamen hard, woody endocarp ( J. Gaertner De fructibus et seminibus plantarum (1788) I. 85) < putāre to prune (see putation n.) + -men (see -ment suffix). In sense 3 after French putamen (1838; after post-classical Latin putamen, 1822 in this sense in K. F. Burdach Vom Baue und Leben des Gehirns II. 130).

†1. The membrane which lines the inside of the shell of a bird's egg. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1751 B. Martin Plain & Familiar Introd. Newtonian Philos. iii. 73 And by taking off half the Shell, putting the remainder under the Receiver, and exhausting the Air, the Air that is contained under the Skin (or Putamen) will raise it up and protrude it sometimes so far out as to resemble an entire Egg.

1890 Cent. Dict. Putamen.., the soft shell of an egg; a last layer of tough tenacious albumen deposited upon the soft white of the egg, forming a membrane in and upon which the hard shell is deposited.

2. Botany. A hard, woody endocarp; spec. the stone of a drupe. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > stone-fruit or drupe > stone or formation of stone

bonec1384

stone?1523

nut1600

ossiculum1706

paip1721

putamen1793

pyrene1800

pit1803

stoning1842

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > nut > [noun] > nutshell

nutshalec1275

shellc1330

bark1377

nutshella1400

nut-housing?c1475

nut skin1648

putamen1793

1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. P7^v Putamen, the shell of a nut and other fruits allied to it.

1800 J. Pearson Observ. Effects Var. Articles in Cure Lues Venerea 67 The putamen or green rind of the Walnut, has been celebrated as a powerful antivenereal remedy, for more than a century and a half.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 84 Fruit a drupe, with the putamen sometimes separating spontaneously from the sarcocarp.

1874 R. Brown Man. Bot. iii. x. 469 In the case of the cherry, plum, peach, &c., the outer layers of the pericarp remain soft and pulpy, while the inner one (endocarp) hardens, and forms the putamen or ‘stone’, characteristic of ‘stone-fruits’.

1917 J. W. Harshberger Text-bk Mycol. & Plant Pathol. iii. xxxiii. 541 As a result of the fungus attack, the endocarp which normally would develop a putamen, or stone, fails to do so, and no stone, or seed, is formed.

1980 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 67 198 Fruits drupaceous,..the putamen ligneous or bony.

3. Anatomy. The lateral and basal portion of the lentiform nucleus, which is larger and darker in colour than the medial portion (the globus pallidus).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > cortex > layers of grey matter

substantia nigra1809

fasciola1826

claustrum1848

putamen1877

striatum1889

indusium1890

1877 G. Sigerson tr. J. M. Charcot Lect. Dis. Nerv. Syst. x. 6 The third, or outermost, is sometimes designated by the term putamen [Fr. Putamen].

1888 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 1 723 Sectioning showed the fibres softened below the insula as far as the basal surface of the putamen.

1912 Brain 34 396 In the degenerated right putamen there had been considerable overgrowth of neuroglial tissue.

1979 Nature 4 Jan. 28/2 The caudate and putamen, the major site of the dopaminergic neurones believed to be involved in schizophrenia.

1997 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 54 1411/2 The..magnetic resonance brain images demonstrated bilaterally symmetrical marked increase in signal intensity in the caudate nuclei, putamina, thalami, [etc.].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	putamen
释义	putamenn. Brit. /pjuːˈteɪmɛn/, /pjuːˈteɪm(ə)n/, U.S. /pjuˈteɪm(ə)n/ Inflections: Plural putamina, (rare) putamens. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin putāmen, putamen. Etymology: < classical Latin putāmen hard outer covering, husk, shell, in post-classical Latin also putamen hard, woody endocarp ( J. Gaertner De fructibus et seminibus plantarum (1788) I. 85) < putāre to prune (see putation n.) + -men (see -ment suffix). In sense 3 after French putamen (1838; after post-classical Latin putamen, 1822 in this sense in K. F. Burdach Vom Baue und Leben des Gehirns II. 130). †1. The membrane which lines the inside of the shell of a bird's egg. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1751 B. Martin Plain & Familiar Introd. Newtonian Philos. iii. 73 And by taking off half the Shell, putting the remainder under the Receiver, and exhausting the Air, the Air that is contained under the Skin (or Putamen) will raise it up and protrude it sometimes so far out as to resemble an entire Egg. 1890 Cent. Dict. Putamen.., the soft shell of an egg; a last layer of tough tenacious albumen deposited upon the soft white of the egg, forming a membrane in and upon which the hard shell is deposited. 2. Botany. A hard, woody endocarp; spec. the stone of a drupe. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > [noun] > stone-fruit or drupe > stone or formation of stone bonec1384 stone?1523 nut1600 ossiculum1706 paip1721 putamen1793 pyrene1800 pit1803 stoning1842 the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > nut > [noun] > nutshell nutshalec1275 shellc1330 bark1377 nutshella1400 nut-housing?c1475 nut skin1648 putamen1793 1793 T. Martyn Lang. Bot. sig. P7^v Putamen, the shell of a nut and other fruits allied to it. 1800 J. Pearson Observ. Effects Var. Articles in Cure Lues Venerea 67 The putamen or green rind of the Walnut, has been celebrated as a powerful antivenereal remedy, for more than a century and a half. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 84 Fruit a drupe, with the putamen sometimes separating spontaneously from the sarcocarp. 1874 R. Brown Man. Bot. iii. x. 469 In the case of the cherry, plum, peach, &c., the outer layers of the pericarp remain soft and pulpy, while the inner one (endocarp) hardens, and forms the putamen or ‘stone’, characteristic of ‘stone-fruits’. 1917 J. W. Harshberger Text-bk Mycol. & Plant Pathol. iii. xxxiii. 541 As a result of the fungus attack, the endocarp which normally would develop a putamen, or stone, fails to do so, and no stone, or seed, is formed. 1980 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 67 198 Fruits drupaceous,..the putamen ligneous or bony. 3. Anatomy. The lateral and basal portion of the lentiform nucleus, which is larger and darker in colour than the medial portion (the globus pallidus). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > cortex > layers of grey matter substantia nigra1809 fasciola1826 claustrum1848 putamen1877 striatum1889 indusium1890 1877 G. Sigerson tr. J. M. Charcot Lect. Dis. Nerv. Syst. x. 6 The third, or outermost, is sometimes designated by the term putamen [Fr. Putamen]. 1888 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 1 723 Sectioning showed the fibres softened below the insula as far as the basal surface of the putamen. 1912 Brain 34 396 In the degenerated right putamen there had been considerable overgrowth of neuroglial tissue. 1979 Nature 4 Jan. 28/2 The caudate and putamen, the major site of the dopaminergic neurones believed to be involved in schizophrenia. 1997 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 54 1411/2 The..magnetic resonance brain images demonstrated bilaterally symmetrical marked increase in signal intensity in the caudate nuclei, putamina, thalami, [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1751
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