punishingn.

Brit.

/ˈpʌnᵻʃɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpənᵻʃɪŋ/

Forms: see punish v. and -ing suffix¹; also Middle English punyssheinge; Scottish pre-1700 punicheing, pre-1700 punischeing, pre-1700 punisheing.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: punish v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < punish v. + -ing suffix¹. Compare punishment n., punition n.

The action of punish v.; punishment; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [noun] > action of inflicting

punishingc1375

punition1405

executionc1430

justifying1487

inflictiona1535

animadversion1535

penalization1888

woodshedding1940

c1375 XI Pains of Hell 222 in Old Eng. Misc. 217 Þis schal be here ponyschyng.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. 924 (MED) Ye Pryncis, makith an ordynaunce..Bi du punshyng fals moordre to restreyne.

c1480 (a1400) St. Clement 737 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 394 Fore-þi I thole þis punysing.

c1500 Melusine (1895) 2 The punysshinges of god ben as abysmes without bottom.

1630 Earl of Manchester in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 271 The punishing of rogues and idle persons.

1659 J. Milton Civil Power in Wks. (1851) V. 317 He himself uses it to thir punishing.

1723 A. Philips Humfrey i. viii. 13 The Punishing of Me is but a Snare For Gloucester's Life.

1783 T. Jones Probation Serm. 35 This Wonderful Dispensation displays God's Attributes in their most glorious Lustre; his Justice in punishing of Sin, his Goodness in Pardoning the Sinner.

1836 J. Baillie Witchcraft v. ii. 149 Well, well; I'll take the punishing of thee into my own hands, knave.

1906 Daily Chron. 13 Mar. 3/4 The punishing, in a tragic-humorous manner, of a rascally set of owners.

1993 Spy (N.Y.) Oct. 36/3 The punishing of sensitivity crimes has itself become a sensitive issue, particularly with people who've read the Constitution.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

punishingadj.

Brit.

/ˈpʌnᵻʃɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpənᵻʃɪŋ/

Forms: see punish v. and -ing suffix².

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: punish v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < punish v. + -ing suffix². Compare earlier punishing n. and later punitive adj.

1. That punishes; chastising, punitive.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > punishment > [adjective]

punishinga1500

penitive1502

punitivea1513

penal1561

penous1627

penary1651

vindictive1656

chastising1691

punitory1710

punitional1824

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xx. 8 Thi pouste punyesand be funden til all thi faas.

1589 J. Anger Her Protection for Women sig. Aii^v Will the Gods permit it, the Goddesses stay theyr punishing iudgments?

1625 T. Godwin Moses & Aaron iii. iv. 141 That the punishing Angell might passe over them.

1710 J. Strype Hist. E. Grindal i. vii. 70 These Unsuccesses were justly looked upon to proceed from the punishing Hand of Heaven.

1790 T. Bell tr. P. Allinga Satisfaction Christ against Socinians i. ii. 24 Now, to which of these belongs God's punishing will?

1852 J. D. Haas tr. F. Kohrausch Hist. Germany v. 102 There lay in the fire of his piercing eye so much power, that a punishing glance prostrated the object.

1895 E. L. Godkin Refl. & Comments 149 The wonderful results which are achieved in the army..are simply due to the steady application by day and by night of a punishing and rewarding authority.

1934 J. K. Folson Family v. ii. 513 A severe, punishing mother, rather than a mother who never scolds or nags.

2006 Duluth (Minnesota) News-Tribune (Nexis) 25 May Is God a punishing god or is he a loving god?

2. That inflicts damage.

a. Sport (originally Boxing). Hard-hitting; strong, forceful.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [adjective] > striking hard or vigorously

knocking1598

hard-hitting1800

punishing1811

slogging1871

1811 Sporting Mag. 38 184/1 The punishing right hand of his adversary.

1846 W. Denison Cricket: Sketches of Players 15 As a batsman he has a good defence, and occasionally is found to be a punishing hitter.

1894 Daily News 24 May 5/4 An accomplished wicket-keeper..and a punishing batsman.

1923 Times 16 Apr. 6/6 Captain Jameson stumbled upon the value of the most punishing stroke known in the small Lord's [squash] court.

1989 Newsday (N.Y.) (Nexis) 12 June (Sports section) 12 There also were some punishing punches and a marvelous display of courage and heart by both boxers.

2006 Inside Bay Area (Nexis) 30 Apr. He is a punishing hitter and sure tackler. He can match up man-to-man on a receiver or a tight end.

b. (Of a task or activity) testing, demanding, exhausting; (of climate or conditions) harsh, injurious, oppressive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adjective]

heavyc825

grimc900

strongeOE

hardeOE

drearyOE

eileOE

sweerOE

deara1000

bitterOE

tartc1000

smartOE

unridec1175

sharp?c1225

straitc1275

grievousc1290

fellc1330

shrewda1387

snella1400

unsterna1400

vilea1400

importunea1425

ungainc1425

thrallc1430

peisant1483

sore?a1513

weighty1540

heinous?1541

urgent?1542

asperous?1567

dure1567

spiny1586

searching1590

hoara1600

vengible1601

flinty1613

tugging1642

atrocious1733

uncannya1774

severe1774

stern1830

punishing1833

hefty1867

solid1916

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > quality of being unendurable or intolerable > [adjective]

untholelyc1225

untholinga1300

unsufferablea1325

untolerablea1382

importable1402

untholefula1425

unbearablec1449

unportablea1500

impassible1508

intolerablea1513

insupportable1530

insufferable1533

incomportable1574

impatient1590

intollerous1594

unsuffered1598

supportless1602

unsupportable1602

indurable1607

impatible1623

unbrookable1633

unsustainable1662

unendurable1801

impassive1828

punishing1833

thick1884

the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective] > causing weariness or exhaustion > other spec.

crushing1577

breathing1684

punishing1833

winding1842

gruelling1852

costing1900

1833 Times 6 June 3/1 The race then became severe, and the hindmost horses closed upon Sir Robert: a punishing race ensued between the four.

1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. ii. 38 It is by no means a punishing pastime, if the men don't play on purpose, and savagely, at the body and arms of their adversaries.

1958 F. Hardy Four-Legged Lottery 176 Snozzle Purtell timing his run, getting up in a punishing photo finish.

1969 Athens (Ohio) Sunday Messenger 19 Jan. The best hope that the current inflation can be curbed without a punishing recession.

1971 N. Stacey Who Cares? xiii. 216 I was still involved in a punishing fourteen-hours-a-day programme at Woolwich.

1996 Independent 21 Oct. i. 16/2 Committing himself during those years to a punishing schedule.

2005 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Dec. 246/1 The Hellraisers' shelter from the punishing heat and dust consists of three long, drab barracks.

Derivatives

ˈpunishingly adv.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adverb]

heavilyc897

sharplyc900

hardeOE

sharpc1000

sorec1000

hardlyOE

etelichec1175

sorelyc1275

straita1300

sourc1300

grievously1303

drearilya1400

foullya1400

felly?c1400

snapelyc1420

durely1477

penallya1500

shrewlya1529

shrewdlyc1533

asperously1547

heinouslya1555

sensibly1613

instantly1638

shrowardly1664

severelya1682

atrociously1765

punishingly1839

1839 Odd Fellow 26 Oct. 171/2 The bubble bursts—and things painfully and punishingly retrace their steps through scenes of ruin and desolation.

1864 H. E. P. Spofford Azarian iii. 142 To prevent any such second interference, Azarian punishingly declined to enter, and left her at the door.

1937 Times 3 July 16/1 Producing beef for export (inevitably under punishingly heavy cost conditions).

1984 A. Brookner Hotel du Lac iii. 37 His hair was punishingly short.

2004 Independent 22 Mar. i. 3/1 The wallet-bashing, punishingly chic diet that claims to be the true heir to the..low-carb empire built by Dr Robert Atkins.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	punishing
释义	punishingn. Brit. /ˈpʌnᵻʃɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpənᵻʃɪŋ/ Forms: see punish v. and -ing suffix¹; also Middle English punyssheinge; Scottish pre-1700 punicheing, pre-1700 punischeing, pre-1700 punisheing. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: punish v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < punish v. + -ing suffix¹. Compare punishment n., punition n. The action of punish v.; punishment; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [noun] > action of inflicting punishingc1375 punition1405 executionc1430 justifying1487 inflictiona1535 animadversion1535 penalization1888 woodshedding1940 c1375 XI Pains of Hell 222 in Old Eng. Misc. 217 Þis schal be here ponyschyng. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. 924 (MED) Ye Pryncis, makith an ordynaunce..Bi du punshyng fals moordre to restreyne. c1480 (a1400) St. Clement 737 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 394 Fore-þi I thole þis punysing. c1500 Melusine (1895) 2 The punysshinges of god ben as abysmes without bottom. 1630 Earl of Manchester in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 271 The punishing of rogues and idle persons. 1659 J. Milton Civil Power in Wks. (1851) V. 317 He himself uses it to thir punishing. 1723 A. Philips Humfrey i. viii. 13 The Punishing of Me is but a Snare For Gloucester's Life. 1783 T. Jones Probation Serm. 35 This Wonderful Dispensation displays God's Attributes in their most glorious Lustre; his Justice in punishing of Sin, his Goodness in Pardoning the Sinner. 1836 J. Baillie Witchcraft v. ii. 149 Well, well; I'll take the punishing of thee into my own hands, knave. 1906 Daily Chron. 13 Mar. 3/4 The punishing, in a tragic-humorous manner, of a rascally set of owners. 1993 Spy (N.Y.) Oct. 36/3 The punishing of sensitivity crimes has itself become a sensitive issue, particularly with people who've read the Constitution. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). punishingadj. Brit. /ˈpʌnᵻʃɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpənᵻʃɪŋ/ Forms: see punish v. and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: punish v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < punish v. + -ing suffix². Compare earlier punishing n. and later punitive adj. 1. That punishes; chastising, punitive. ΘΚΠ society > authority > punishment > [adjective] punishinga1500 penitive1502 punitivea1513 penal1561 penous1627 penary1651 vindictive1656 chastising1691 punitory1710 punitional1824 a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xx. 8 Thi pouste punyesand be funden til all thi faas. 1589 J. Anger Her Protection for Women sig. Aii^v Will the Gods permit it, the Goddesses stay theyr punishing iudgments? 1625 T. Godwin Moses & Aaron iii. iv. 141 That the punishing Angell might passe over them. 1710 J. Strype Hist. E. Grindal i. vii. 70 These Unsuccesses were justly looked upon to proceed from the punishing Hand of Heaven. 1790 T. Bell tr. P. Allinga Satisfaction Christ against Socinians i. ii. 24 Now, to which of these belongs God's punishing will? 1852 J. D. Haas tr. F. Kohrausch Hist. Germany v. 102 There lay in the fire of his piercing eye so much power, that a punishing glance prostrated the object. 1895 E. L. Godkin Refl. & Comments 149 The wonderful results which are achieved in the army..are simply due to the steady application by day and by night of a punishing and rewarding authority. 1934 J. K. Folson Family v. ii. 513 A severe, punishing mother, rather than a mother who never scolds or nags. 2006 Duluth (Minnesota) News-Tribune (Nexis) 25 May Is God a punishing god or is he a loving god? 2. That inflicts damage. a. Sport (originally Boxing). Hard-hitting; strong, forceful. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [adjective] > striking hard or vigorously knocking1598 hard-hitting1800 punishing1811 slogging1871 1811 Sporting Mag. 38 184/1 The punishing right hand of his adversary. 1846 W. Denison Cricket: Sketches of Players 15 As a batsman he has a good defence, and occasionally is found to be a punishing hitter. 1894 Daily News 24 May 5/4 An accomplished wicket-keeper..and a punishing batsman. 1923 Times 16 Apr. 6/6 Captain Jameson stumbled upon the value of the most punishing stroke known in the small Lord's [squash] court. 1989 Newsday (N.Y.) (Nexis) 12 June (Sports section) 12 There also were some punishing punches and a marvelous display of courage and heart by both boxers. 2006 Inside Bay Area (Nexis) 30 Apr. He is a punishing hitter and sure tackler. He can match up man-to-man on a receiver or a tight end. b. (Of a task or activity) testing, demanding, exhausting; (of climate or conditions) harsh, injurious, oppressive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adjective] heavyc825 grimc900 strongeOE hardeOE drearyOE eileOE sweerOE deara1000 bitterOE tartc1000 smartOE unridec1175 sharp?c1225 straitc1275 grievousc1290 fellc1330 shrewda1387 snella1400 unsterna1400 vilea1400 importunea1425 ungainc1425 thrallc1430 peisant1483 sore?a1513 weighty1540 heinous?1541 urgent?1542 asperous?1567 dure1567 spiny1586 searching1590 hoara1600 vengible1601 flinty1613 tugging1642 atrocious1733 uncannya1774 severe1774 stern1830 punishing1833 hefty1867 solid1916 the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > quality of being unendurable or intolerable > [adjective] untholelyc1225 untholinga1300 unsufferablea1325 untolerablea1382 importable1402 untholefula1425 unbearablec1449 unportablea1500 impassible1508 intolerablea1513 insupportable1530 insufferable1533 incomportable1574 impatient1590 intollerous1594 unsuffered1598 supportless1602 unsupportable1602 indurable1607 impatible1623 unbrookable1633 unsustainable1662 unendurable1801 impassive1828 punishing1833 thick1884 the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > [adjective] > causing weariness or exhaustion > other spec. crushing1577 breathing1684 punishing1833 winding1842 gruelling1852 costing1900 1833 Times 6 June 3/1 The race then became severe, and the hindmost horses closed upon Sir Robert: a punishing race ensued between the four. 1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days i. ii. 38 It is by no means a punishing pastime, if the men don't play on purpose, and savagely, at the body and arms of their adversaries. 1958 F. Hardy Four-Legged Lottery 176 Snozzle Purtell timing his run, getting up in a punishing photo finish. 1969 Athens (Ohio) Sunday Messenger 19 Jan. The best hope that the current inflation can be curbed without a punishing recession. 1971 N. Stacey Who Cares? xiii. 216 I was still involved in a punishing fourteen-hours-a-day programme at Woolwich. 1996 Independent 21 Oct. i. 16/2 Committing himself during those years to a punishing schedule. 2005 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Dec. 246/1 The Hellraisers' shelter from the punishing heat and dust consists of three long, drab barracks. Derivatives ˈpunishingly adv. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adverb] heavilyc897 sharplyc900 hardeOE sharpc1000 sorec1000 hardlyOE etelichec1175 sorelyc1275 straita1300 sourc1300 grievously1303 drearilya1400 foullya1400 felly?c1400 snapelyc1420 durely1477 penallya1500 shrewlya1529 shrewdlyc1533 asperously1547 heinouslya1555 sensibly1613 instantly1638 shrowardly1664 severelya1682 atrociously1765 punishingly1839 1839 Odd Fellow 26 Oct. 171/2 The bubble bursts—and things painfully and punishingly retrace their steps through scenes of ruin and desolation. 1864 H. E. P. Spofford Azarian iii. 142 To prevent any such second interference, Azarian punishingly declined to enter, and left her at the door. 1937 Times 3 July 16/1 Producing beef for export (inevitably under punishingly heavy cost conditions). 1984 A. Brookner Hotel du Lac iii. 37 His hair was punishingly short. 2004 Independent 22 Mar. i. 3/1 The wallet-bashing, punishingly chic diet that claims to be the true heir to the..low-carb empire built by Dr Robert Atkins. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1375adj.a1500
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