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单词 adaptationism
释义

adaptationismn.

Brit. /ˌadəpˈteɪʃn̩ɪz(ə)m/, /ˌadəpˈteɪʃənɪz(ə)m/, /ˌadapˈteɪʃn̩ɪz(ə)m/, /ˌadapˈteɪʃənɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˌædæpˈteɪʃəˌnɪzəm/, /ˌædəpˈteɪʃəˌnɪzəm/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: adaptation n., -ism suffix.
Etymology: < adaptation n. + -ism suffix, originally after German Adaptionismus (1887 in the context of the development of myths and religions, in O. Gruppe Die griechischen Culte und Mythen 215, the source reviewed in quot. 1889; compare German Adaptationismus (1887 in the table of contents of Gruppe's work)). Compare earlier adaptationist n.
1. (a) The view that changes in human beliefs, behaviour, etc., do not develop spontaneously, but as the result of adaptation to changed circumstances and external pressures (obsolete rare). (b) The practice of adapting proactively to changed circumstances; the fact or process of seeking or welcoming change.
ΚΠ
1889 Archæol. Rev. 3 197 On this question [sc. of the origin and development of folklore] I propose, before concluding, to offer certain suggestions, with no unimportant bearing..on the reconciliation of these presently opposed theories of ‘Evolutionism’ and (to use Gruppe's term) ‘Adaptationism’.
1967 Jrnl. Gen. Educ. 19 184 Despite the fact that adaptationism is eminently suited to the needs of the business society, this approach is inconsistent with an education which demands a direct relationship between intellectual activity and the problems of life.
1973 Hist. Educ. Q. 13 85 It is regrettable that the obvious comparisons with British policy, especially with the adaptationism of indirect rule were totally ignored.
2007 S. A. Kadayifci-Orellana Standing on Isthmus iii. 64 The emergence of an Arab socialism in the aftermath of WWII that advocated a more radical adaptationism through revolution.
2. Biology. A view of evolution that regards the adaptation of an organism to its environment as the principal cause of evolutionary modification; spec. the view that many or most of the characteristics of an organism are adaptations that evolved to fulfil some particular function.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > theories > [noun] > of genetics or evolution
theory of preformation1756
Darwinizing1807
development hypothesis1845
generationism1847
theory of evolution1858
Darwinism1860
Darwinianism1861
monogenesis1864
monogenism1865
monogeny1865
pangenesis1868
evolutionism1869
phylogeny1869
polygenism1871
derivation1874
phylogenesis1875
transformism1878
biogenetic law1879
gastraea theory1879
fortuitism1881
organicism1883
hereditism1884
kinetogenesis1884
Lamarckianism1884
Lamarckism1884
neo-Lamarckianism1884
monogenesy1885
neo-Lamarckism1887
preformationism1890
neo-Darwinism1891
blastogenesis1893
Haeckel-ismus1894
Weismannism1894
preformism1895
Haeckelism1899
mutation theory1902
directivity1903
Mendelianism1903
Mendelism1903
hereditarianism1906
mutationism1912
selectionism1912
hologenesis1931
parsimony1931
Morganism1934
Lysenkoism1948
neutralism1972
punctuated equilibrium1972
saltationism1975
punctuationism1977
punctuationalism1978
adaptationism1980
geneticism1984
adaptationalism1985
1980 Paleobiology 6 128/1 Both arguments previously cited against the conventional extrapolationist view require that we abandon strict adaptationism.
1988 Times Lit. Suppl. 19 Aug. 911/4 He enlists the somewhat dubious help of biological ‘adaptationism’ to make the point that assigning a purpose to a biological trait doesn't require knowledge of how the trait fulfils that purpose.
1994 R. Amundsen in R. MacLeod & P. F. Rehbock Darwin's Lab. iv. 115 Why does adaptationism have a politically conservative flavor? Because, by its own principles of explanation, the first explanatory move is to treat currently observable traits as having currently identifiable functions and as having been historically produced by an adaptive force.
2006 G. Levine Darwin loves You iv. 95 Darwinian himself, Lewontin not only raises strong scientific objections to adaptationist readings of evolution but is troubled deeply by what he sees as the ideological work such strict adaptationism tends to do.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.1889
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