单词 | adaptationism |
释义 | adaptationismn. 1. (a) The view that changes in human beliefs, behaviour, etc., do not develop spontaneously, but as the result of adaptation to changed circumstances and external pressures (obsolete rare). (b) The practice of adapting proactively to changed circumstances; the fact or process of seeking or welcoming change. ΚΠ 1889 Archæol. Rev. 3 197 On this question [sc. of the origin and development of folklore] I propose, before concluding, to offer certain suggestions, with no unimportant bearing..on the reconciliation of these presently opposed theories of ‘Evolutionism’ and (to use Gruppe's term) ‘Adaptationism’. 1967 Jrnl. Gen. Educ. 19 184 Despite the fact that adaptationism is eminently suited to the needs of the business society, this approach is inconsistent with an education which demands a direct relationship between intellectual activity and the problems of life. 1973 Hist. Educ. Q. 13 85 It is regrettable that the obvious comparisons with British policy, especially with the adaptationism of indirect rule were totally ignored. 2007 S. A. Kadayifci-Orellana Standing on Isthmus iii. 64 The emergence of an Arab socialism in the aftermath of WWII that advocated a more radical adaptationism through revolution. 2. Biology. A view of evolution that regards the adaptation of an organism to its environment as the principal cause of evolutionary modification; spec. the view that many or most of the characteristics of an organism are adaptations that evolved to fulfil some particular function. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > theories > [noun] > of genetics or evolution theory of preformation1756 Darwinizing1807 development hypothesis1845 generationism1847 theory of evolution1858 Darwinism1860 Darwinianism1861 monogenesis1864 monogenism1865 monogeny1865 pangenesis1868 evolutionism1869 phylogeny1869 polygenism1871 derivation1874 phylogenesis1875 transformism1878 biogenetic law1879 gastraea theory1879 fortuitism1881 organicism1883 hereditism1884 kinetogenesis1884 Lamarckianism1884 Lamarckism1884 neo-Lamarckianism1884 monogenesy1885 neo-Lamarckism1887 preformationism1890 neo-Darwinism1891 blastogenesis1893 Haeckel-ismus1894 Weismannism1894 preformism1895 Haeckelism1899 mutation theory1902 directivity1903 Mendelianism1903 Mendelism1903 hereditarianism1906 mutationism1912 selectionism1912 hologenesis1931 parsimony1931 Morganism1934 Lysenkoism1948 neutralism1972 punctuated equilibrium1972 saltationism1975 punctuationism1977 punctuationalism1978 adaptationism1980 geneticism1984 adaptationalism1985 1980 Paleobiology 6 128/1 Both arguments previously cited against the conventional extrapolationist view require that we abandon strict adaptationism. 1988 Times Lit. Suppl. 19 Aug. 911/4 He enlists the somewhat dubious help of biological ‘adaptationism’ to make the point that assigning a purpose to a biological trait doesn't require knowledge of how the trait fulfils that purpose. 1994 R. Amundsen in R. MacLeod & P. F. Rehbock Darwin's Lab. iv. 115 Why does adaptationism have a politically conservative flavor? Because, by its own principles of explanation, the first explanatory move is to treat currently observable traits as having currently identifiable functions and as having been historically produced by an adaptive force. 2006 G. Levine Darwin loves You iv. 95 Darwinian himself, Lewontin not only raises strong scientific objections to adaptationist readings of evolution but is troubled deeply by what he sees as the ideological work such strict adaptationism tends to do. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1889 |
随便看 |
|
英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。