pyrophorusn.

Brit.

/pʌɪˈrɒf(ə)rəs/, U.S.

/paɪˈrɑf(ə)rəs/

Inflections: Plural pyrophori Brit.

/pʌɪˈrɒfərʌɪ/, U.S.

/paɪˈrɑfəˌraɪ/.

Forms: 1700s– pyrophorus, 1700s–1800s pyrophorous.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pyrophorus.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin pyrophorus (1717 or earlier in sense 1), transferred use of pyrophorus bearer of sacrifical fire (1526 or earlier) < ancient Greek πυροϕόρος bearer of sacrificial fire < πυρο- pyro- comb. form + -ϕόρος -phore comb. form. In sense 2 < scientific Latin Pyrophorus, genus name ( G. J. Billberg Enumeratio insectorum (1820)). Compare pyrophore n.The genus name has also (since 1829) been attributed to J. K. W. Illiger (1775–1813), but his use of the name has not been located. With the form pyrophorous compare -ous suffix and later pyrophorous adj.

1. Chemistry. A substance capable (esp. in a finely divided state) of igniting spontaneously on exposure to air. Now historical.The term originally denoted a specific pyrophoric substance (in full Homberg's pyrophorus [ < the name of Wilhelm Homberg (1652–1715), German chemist] ), made by heating alum with lampblack, starch, sugar, or flour.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [noun] > types by properties

agent1624

analyser1661

pyrophorus1734

pyrophore1788

frigoric1812

diffusate1850

diffusant1867

cryogen1875

metachrome1876

carrier1902

getter1912

active1918

network former1947

network modifier1947

radiosensitizer1953

monophase1968

1734 Philos. Trans. 1733–4 (Royal Soc.) 38 69 Our Phosphoreal Magma comes very near Homberg's Pyrophorus, which wants only the Salt of Urine in it, in the room of which Allum is used to fix the Sulphur.

1778 M. Cutler Let. 5 Jan. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 204 That these acids may produce such appearances is probable from the easy experiment of Pyrophorus.

1833 J. Murray Man. Exper. Chem. Sci. (ed. 3) 72 If Homberg's pyrophorus be thrown into nitrous gas, it is ignited.

1842 E. A. Parnell Elements Chem. Anal. (1845) 345 The metallic cobalt thus obtained acts as a pyrophorus when it comes in contact with the air.

1879 Manufacturer & Builder Jan. 24/2 Another pyrophorus is made still easier by putting tartrate of lead in a test-tube, closing it up loosely with paper, and heating over a spirit-lamp.

1936 Isis 25 386 An appendix deals with ‘pyrophori’ (substances which take fire on exposure to air) and ‘phosphori’.

1989 Bull. Hist. Chem. 3 21/2 ‘Homberg's Pyrophorus’ was accidentally discovered by Wilhelm Homberg..while attempting to extract an ‘odorless white oil’ from human excrement for the purpose of transmuting mercury into silver.

2. Entomology. In form Pyrophorus. A genus of strongly luminescent fireflies of the family Elateridae, found mainly in neotropical America; (also) a firefly of this genus.

ΚΠ

1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 329/1 This insect..is now included in Illiger's genus Pyrophorus.

1881 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 143/1 It is among the Coleoptera that the phenomenon [sc. luminosity] especially occurs, and in them is almost confined to certain skip-jack beetles (the genus Pyrophorus), and probably the entire family of glow-worms (Lampyridæ).

?1892 Proc. Amer. Soc. Microscopists 1891 13 146 Observations on the Pyrophori with the spectroscope and bolometer.

1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xv. 341 In tropical America species of Pyrophorus are known as ‘fire beetles’.

1984 A. Wootton Insects of World (1993) xv. 177 Natives of Brazil and the West Indies once used the powerfully luminescent Pyrophorus firefly to illuminate their huts or for nocturnal hunting expeditions.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pyrophorus
释义	pyrophorusn. Brit. /pʌɪˈrɒf(ə)rəs/, U.S. /paɪˈrɑf(ə)rəs/ Inflections: Plural pyrophori Brit. /pʌɪˈrɒfərʌɪ/, U.S. /paɪˈrɑfəˌraɪ/. Forms: 1700s– pyrophorus, 1700s–1800s pyrophorous. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin pyrophorus. Etymology: < post-classical Latin pyrophorus (1717 or earlier in sense 1), transferred use of pyrophorus bearer of sacrifical fire (1526 or earlier) < ancient Greek πυροϕόρος bearer of sacrificial fire < πυρο- pyro- comb. form + -ϕόρος -phore comb. form. In sense 2 < scientific Latin Pyrophorus, genus name ( G. J. Billberg Enumeratio insectorum (1820)). Compare pyrophore n.The genus name has also (since 1829) been attributed to J. K. W. Illiger (1775–1813), but his use of the name has not been located. With the form pyrophorous compare -ous suffix and later pyrophorous adj. 1. Chemistry. A substance capable (esp. in a finely divided state) of igniting spontaneously on exposure to air. Now historical.The term originally denoted a specific pyrophoric substance (in full Homberg's pyrophorus [ < the name of Wilhelm Homberg (1652–1715), German chemist] ), made by heating alum with lampblack, starch, sugar, or flour. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > [noun] > types by properties agent1624 analyser1661 pyrophorus1734 pyrophore1788 frigoric1812 diffusate1850 diffusant1867 cryogen1875 metachrome1876 carrier1902 getter1912 active1918 network former1947 network modifier1947 radiosensitizer1953 monophase1968 1734 Philos. Trans. 1733–4 (Royal Soc.) 38 69 Our Phosphoreal Magma comes very near Homberg's Pyrophorus, which wants only the Salt of Urine in it, in the room of which Allum is used to fix the Sulphur. 1778 M. Cutler Let. 5 Jan. in W. P. Cutler & J. P. Cutler Life, Jrnls. & Corr. M. Cutler (1888) II. 204 That these acids may produce such appearances is probable from the easy experiment of Pyrophorus. 1833 J. Murray Man. Exper. Chem. Sci. (ed. 3) 72 If Homberg's pyrophorus be thrown into nitrous gas, it is ignited. 1842 E. A. Parnell Elements Chem. Anal. (1845) 345 The metallic cobalt thus obtained acts as a pyrophorus when it comes in contact with the air. 1879 Manufacturer & Builder Jan. 24/2 Another pyrophorus is made still easier by putting tartrate of lead in a test-tube, closing it up loosely with paper, and heating over a spirit-lamp. 1936 Isis 25 386 An appendix deals with ‘pyrophori’ (substances which take fire on exposure to air) and ‘phosphori’. 1989 Bull. Hist. Chem. 3 21/2 ‘Homberg's Pyrophorus’ was accidentally discovered by Wilhelm Homberg..while attempting to extract an ‘odorless white oil’ from human excrement for the purpose of transmuting mercury into silver. 2. Entomology. In form Pyrophorus. A genus of strongly luminescent fireflies of the family Elateridae, found mainly in neotropical America; (also) a firefly of this genus. ΚΠ 1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 329/1 This insect..is now included in Illiger's genus Pyrophorus. 1881 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 143/1 It is among the Coleoptera that the phenomenon [sc. luminosity] especially occurs, and in them is almost confined to certain skip-jack beetles (the genus Pyrophorus), and probably the entire family of glow-worms (Lampyridæ). ?1892 Proc. Amer. Soc. Microscopists 1891 13 146 Observations on the Pyrophori with the spectroscope and bolometer. 1944 R. Matheson Entomol. for Introd. Courses xv. 341 In tropical America species of Pyrophorus are known as ‘fire beetles’. 1984 A. Wootton Insects of World (1993) xv. 177 Natives of Brazil and the West Indies once used the powerfully luminescent Pyrophorus firefly to illuminate their huts or for nocturnal hunting expeditions. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2007; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1734
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