raddlen.1
/ˈradl/, U.S. /ˈræd(ə)l/ 1. Originally: red ochre, esp. as used as a dye for marking animals. Later also: a mixture of dyes or pigments of any colour used for marking animals; (as a count noun) a coloured marker used for this purpose. Cf. reddle n., ruddle n.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > colouring > colouring matter > [noun] > dye > types of dyes
pallOE
sanders1329
raddlea1350
nutgallc1450
bark1565
logwood1581
sanders-wood1615
catechu1682
cate1698
cachou1708
valonia1722
India wood1742
cutch1759
alizari1769
standard1808
iron buff1836
colorine1838
acid dye1840
garancin1843
French tub1846
suranji1848
morindin1849
water blue1851
union dye1852
indigo-carmine1855
hernant1858
pigment colour1862
rosaniline1862
rose aniline1862
bezetta1863
bottom1863
acid colour1873
paraphenylenediamine1873
indigo-extract1874
tin-pulp1874
phthalein1875
sightening1875
chrome1876
rose bengal1878
azo-colours1879
azine1887
basic dye1892
chromotrope1893
garance1896
ice colour1896
xylochrome1898
cross-dye1901
indanthrene1901
Lithol1903
vat dye1903
thioindigo1906
para red1907
vat colour1912
vat dyestuff1914
indanthrone1920
ionamine1922
Soledon1924
Solochrome1924
Solacet1938
indigoid1939
thioindigoid1943
fluorol1956
Procion1956
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > earths as colouring matter
red stoneeOE
red eartheOE
redding1292
raddlea1350
ruddle1353
rubric?1440
red ochre1481
sinoper1501
red1538
red chalk1538
sinople1548
terra sigillata1563
almagre1598
majolica1598
minium1613
orell1614
reddle1648
India red1668
Indian red1672
riddle1681
smit1728
Persian earth1735
red marl1748
abraum1753
Terra Sienna1760
tivera1825
kokowai1836
sinopia1844
sinopis1857
a1350 Recipe Painting in Archæol. Jrnl. (1844) 1 65 (MED) Tac a lutel radel ant grynt to thin asise.
tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) v. 155 (Gloss.) Radul, id est, rubricam [Taak rubryk poured in sum litel shelle, And therwithal the baak of euery bee A pensel touche as they drynke at the welle].
1546 Inventory 4 Feb. in M. Rylatt & M. A. Stokes Excavations in Broadgate East, Coventry 1974–5 (Coventry Mus. Monogr. No. 5) (?1996) 18/2 2 cwt of radle, reade and yelowe, 4s 8d.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 17v Stone, Marble, Sande, Grauell, Raddell, Chalke, &c.
1603 G. Owen Descr. Penbrokshire (1891) 83 ‘Nod glas’ which in Englishe is blewe radle or blewe markinge stone.
1612 in D. G. Vaisey Probate Inventories Lichfield & District 1568–1680 127 In the shopp..For chalke and raddle.
1699 T. Brown tr. Erasmus Seven New Colloquies vii. 94 To revive the decay'd Red and White in their Cheeks with Raddle and Chalk.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Marking Some mark them with Raddle and make Ear Marks.
1757 J. Dyer Fleece i. 21 See that thy scrip have store of..marking pitch and raddle.
1807 R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. (new ed.) I. 360 Raddle..has lately been used with advantage on some lands.
1853 W. S. Landor Let. to Wiseman in Last Fruit vi. 194 He would whistle the sheep into the ancient fold, marking them with his raddle.
1895 T. Pinnock Black Country Ann. in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1904) IV. 8/2 Be sure an' rub some raddle on the treepots.
1931 A. Uttley Country Child xi. 131 The two parlours..were festooned and hung with holly and boughs of fir, and ivy berries dipped in red raddle, left over from sheep marking.
1965 H. P. Triton Time means Tucker iii. 41 Raddle was a stick of blue or yellow ochre, also called ‘Toby’, which was used to mark badly shorn sheep.
1981 L. Alderson in K. Thear & A. Fraser Compl. Bk. Raising Livestock & Poultry v. 126/2 During tupping time the rams should be fitted with a harness which holds a coloured crayon, known as a raddle. When the ram serves each ewe the crayon leaves a mark on the rump of the ewe to show that she had been mated.
1991 Independent 16 Dec. 16/1 In a pouch at the front of each [ram's harness] is a large block of wax crayon... It is called the ruddle (or reddle or raddle, depending where you come from).
2. Esp. with reference to an aged or imperfectly rouged face: a layer of red colouring, a redness of colouring. Cf. raddled adj.2 2. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun]
rednesseOE
rudOE
red?c1225
ruddya1387
ruddinessa1398
gulesa1400
rothumc1400
ruddeningc1400
ruddonc1400
rouge1437
rubor?a1450
rossome1527
Mars1572
rubedinousness1599
reddiness1611
scarletness1611
rubetude1657
floridity1713
erubescence1736
floridness1776
fiery1847
raddle1860
1860 W. M. Thackeray Roundabout Papers xxxii To hide..a yellow cheek behind a raddle of rouge.
1919 M. Sinclair Mary Olivier iv. xx. 168 Old Wellington face, shrunk, cheeks burning in a senile raddle.
Compounds
General attributive, as raddle-ground, raddle-mark, raddle-stick, etc.; raddle-necked, raddle-red adjs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > sheep-farming > [noun] > marking of sheep > mark
earmarka1500
raddle-mark?1523
sheep-markc1534
sheep-brand1586
woolmark1603
bottea1642
pitch-mark1649
smota1672
smit1828
?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxiiii Se that they [sc. the sheep] be well marked, both eare marke, pyche marke, and radell marke.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 18 A raddell and a stony ground, is discerned by the eye.
1614 G. Markham Cheape & Good Husbandry Short Table, sig. A7v Red-Oaker is a hard red stone which we call Raddle Orell, marking-stone.
1637 N. Whiting Le Hore di Recreatione 141 With Raddle-crimson then fit for his trade, he cloathd his face.
1700 C. Leigh Nat. Hist. Lancs. iv. 80 Iron Ores there are of four sorts, as the Raddle-Ore, Clay-Ore, Blue Ore, and the Button-Ore.
a1804 J. Mather Songs (1862) xxxiii. 46 (title of song) Raddle-neck'd Tups.
1897 Contemp. Rev. June 765 The then new and raddle-red penny postage stamps.
1959 J. B. Keane Sive 75 I'll put streaks in you worse than a raddle stick.
1977 N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Jan. 27/1 The lightness or heaviness of the raddle mark of the ewe is no indication of the type of response she will give when penned with the rams.
1996 Guardian 27 Sept. i. 18/7 He's a bit small compared with previous users of the raddle harness.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† raddlen.2
Obsolete. rare.
A side-rail of a cart.
ΚΠ
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 260/2 Radyll of a carte, costee.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2020).
raddlen.3
/ˈradl/, U.S. /ˈræd(ə)l/ 1. English regional.
a. A slender stick, wattle, or lath, fastened to or twisted between upright stakes or posts to form a fence, partition, wall, etc.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [noun] > stick, twig, or rod > for fencing or walling
stickc1405
raddle1577
rab1833
rad1887
1577 W. Harrison Hist. Descr. Islande Brit. ii. x. f. 84v/1, in R. Holinshed Chron. I The houses of the Brytons were slitely set vppe with a few postes and many radles, the like whereof almost is to be seene in the fenny countries vnto this day.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. vii. 233 Small stakes driven into the ground..and interwoven with broom and other raddles.
c1736 S. Pegge Alphabet of Kenticisms (1876) Raddis-chimney, a chimney made of studs, lathes, or raddles, and covered with lome or lime.
1868 Sussex Gloss. in D. E. Hurst Horsham (1889) Ruddles, long supple sticks of greenwood interwoven between upright sticks to make a hedge.
b. A woven hurdle, door, hedge, etc., made with such sticks. Also in raddle and daub n. (also raddle and dab) interwoven sticks plastered over with clay to form a wall, partition, etc. (frequently attributive); cf. wattle and daub n. at wattle n.1 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with other materials > [noun] > with wattle-work > piece of wattled work
raddle1695
1695 W. Kennett Parochial Antiq. sig. Ddddd 3/2 A hurdle..in Kent is sometime call'd a Riddle, Raddle, or Ruddle: from the rods or twigs of which they are made, as a riddle-wall, a riddle basket, etc.
1885 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) 279 Long sticks were wound together between the timber, forming a sort of basketwork or raddle, upon which clay, and clay mixed with chopped straw, was plastered. This was the dobe, the whole forming a raddle and dobe house.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. (at cited word) Jan! the bullicks be a-brokt out agee-an in the turmuts, urn down and cut a thurn or two and put up a good raddle, eens mid stap 'em proper.
1892 J. Lucas tr. P. Kalm Acct. Visit Eng. 398 In only a few places were there any ‘Raddles’, or wooden hurdles.
2003 A. Garner Thursbitch (2004) xxix. 139 There's places no more nor wind holes for want of new raddle and daub in the wall frame.
2. Weaving (originally U.S.). A bar with teeth or pins for separating and guiding the threads of the warp while it is being wound on the beam.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > loom > reed or slay
slayc1050
reed1595
raddle1648
niffler1752
evener1785
ravel1805
sniffle1805
separator1831
rave1888
shed-stick1910
shed-rod1968
1648 in G. F. Dow Probate Rec. Essex County, Mass. (1916) I. 253 One payre of loomes, 1li.; one shutel..one tenipel [i.e., tempel], 1 warping woof, one rings and one payre of heels..one ridel..three slayes.
1817 J. Bronson & R. Bronson Domest. Manufacturer's Assistant in Weaving & Dyeing 11 The weavers Raith or Raddle, should be made smooth, and the teeth set nice and tight, in order that the piece while beaming, may be spread even and in a proper manner.
1898 A. M. Earle Home Life in Colonial Days x. 219 There is a removable loom attachment which when first shown to me was called a raddle... This attachment is also called a ravel or raivel; and folk-names for it (not in the dictionary) were wrathe and rake.
1916 Jrnl. Royal Anthropol. Inst. 46 286 Another method of keeping the warp threads in position is the warp-spacer, also known as a raddle.
1958 A. Hindson Designer's Drawloom vi. 55 The portee, or grouped, crosses must not be split when they are spaced in the raddle.
1999 A. Levy Fruit of Lemon 32 It was just day after day smacking a raddle against a newly made weft and listening to Radio Four.
Compounds
English regional. General attributive (in sense 1).
ΚΠ
1695Riddle-wall [see sense 1b].
1736 J. Lewis Hist. Isle Tenet (ed. 2) Gloss. Ruddle-wattle, a hurl made of small hazle-rods, interwoven.
1738 S. Trowell New Treat. Husb. Gardening xviii. 46 When you come to fodder your Beast, add a little raddle Hedge..round your first Rail or Hedge.
1779 W. Marshall Exper. & Observ. conc. Agric. & Weather 167 A live roddle Hedge..is, perhaps, the Ultimate of Farm hedge-making.
1785 W. Hutton Bran New Wark 31 The girl unsneck'd the raddle heck.
1805 J. H. Tooke Επεα Πτεροεντα (ed. 2) II. iv. 256 A raddle hedge, is a hedge of pleached or plashed or twisted or wreathed twigs or boughs.
1887 W. D. Parish & W. F. Shaw Dict. Kentish Dial. Teener, Tener, a man who teens or keeps in order a raddle-fence.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† raddlen.4
Obsolete. rare. Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
= rabble n.2 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > metalworking equipment > [noun] > stirring or puddling equipment
paddle1662
rabble1778
puddler1875
rabbler1875
raddle1875
rabble arm1895
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1852/1 Raddle,..3. An iron bar with an end bent at right angles, used by puddlers in stirring the iron at the furnace..and also in making up the balls for the tilt or squeezer. A rabble.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
raddlev.1
/ˈradl/, U.S. /ˈræd(ə)l/ Now English regional.
transitive. To weave or twist (branches, sticks, laths, etc.) together, intertwine, or interlace.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > intertwining or interweaving > intertwine or interweave [verb (transitive)]
wind971
braidc1000
writheOE
biwevec1300
enlacec1374
winda1387
tracec1400
bredec1440
knit1470
embraid1481
interlace1523
entrail?1530
wreathea1547
beknit1565
twist1565
wand1572
embroid1573
mat1577
complect1578
intertex1578
inweave1578
lace1579
plight1589
entwine1597
bewreath1598
interweave1598
implicate1610
twine1612
complicatea1631
implex1635
intertwine1641
plash1653
enwreathe1667
raddle1671
intertwist1797
pleach1830
impleach1865
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > pattern [verb (transitive)] > interlaced
fretish1601
fret1604
raddle1671
honeycomb1820
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or constructing with other materials > build or construct with other materials [verb (transitive)] > construct of wattle-work
wattle1377
hurdle1598
raddle1719
1470 [implied in: 1470 in L. F. Salzman Building in Eng. (1992) xii. 189 Radelyng [and daubing of the walls of the barn]. (at raddling n.1 1)].
1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre v. 284 The Bastillions be massiue, the Parapettes grosse, the Gabions strong and stifly radled.
1671 St. Foine Improved 18 To wrap or wreath or raddle the spiks or teeth of the Harrow.
1716 R. Neve Merry Compan. i. i. 14 The String will be radled very tight about the Fingers.
1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 122 They came at last to build up their Huts..very handsomely; raddling or working it up like Basket-work all the way round.
1747 W. Hooson Miners Dict. sig. Ijb They are made of Boards or of Sticks radled together.
1824 W. Carr Horæ Momenta Cravenæ Gloss. Raddle, to weave.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. To raddle, to interlace; as in making boat's gripes and flat gaskets.
1888 S. O. Addy Gloss. Words Sheffield 327 Raddle two or three boughs into t'hedge.
1985 K. Howarth Sounds Gradely (at cited word) Raddle,..to weave with willows as in basket-making.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
raddlev.2
/ˈradl/, U.S. /ˈræd(ə)l/ 1. transitive. To mark (a sheep, etc.) with raddle, usually at shearing or tupping time; to paint or dye red (an object); to colour (one's face) with rouge, etc. (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > making or becoming red > make red [verb (transitive)] > with dye, stain, or pigment
purple?a1475
ruddle1538
bloody1590
sanguine1591
scutchanele1596
vermeil1596
vermilion1606
gule1609
incarnadinea1616
raddle1631
vermilion1656
bow-dyea1658
reddle1663
miniate1670
rud1680
tiver1792
red-ochre1805
roucou1817
vermilionize1854
red-lead1871
1631 J. Burges Answer Reioyned 21 Hee that beside a pitch-brande, doth raddle the heads of his fat sheepe, doth more then marke them.
1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. Sept. (1965) I. 440 They..took the first hint of their dress from a fair sheep newly raddled.
1769 ‘J. Quickset’ in Batchelor II. lxxvii. 42 They lay on as much red as would raddle a sheep's back.
?1780 J. Freeth Warwickshire Medley 26 Such free jovial fellows, with cheeks red as roses, Who swim in October to raddle their noses.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Let. 1 Nov. (1945) II. 446 A chief raddled over with war-paint.
1879 G. A. Sala Paris herself Again I. viii. 120 They do not even go so far as to raddle themselves. Rouge is apparently too dear.
1926 G. Black Hist. New S. Wales Polit. Labor Party I. 31 One manager boasted that he raddled 8000 sheep in each of five successive years.
1960 Bulletin (Sydney) 23 Nov. 9/2 On Cup Day, New Australian started raddling his front fence.
2002 R. Murphy Kick (2003) 181 The chest of my ram was raddled to mark the rump of each ewe that was tupped.
2. transitive. To wear out, debilitate; to ravage, afflict. Also figurative. Chiefly in passive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > weariness or exhaustion > weary or exhaust [verb (transitive)]
wearyc897
tirea1000
travailc1300
forwearya1325
taryc1375
tarc1440
matec1450
break1483
labour1496
overwearya1500
wear?1507
to wear out, forth1525
fatigate1535
stress1540
overtire1558
forwaste1563
to tire out1563
overwear1578
spend1582
out-tire1596
outwear1596
outweary1596
overspend1596
to toil out1596
attediate1603
bejade1620
lassate1623
harassa1626
overtask1628
tax1672
hag1674
trash1685
hatter1687
overtax1692
fatigue1693
to knock up1740
tire to death1740
overfatigue1741
fag1774
outdo1776
to do over1789
to use up1790
jade1798
overdo1817
frazzlea1825
worry1828
to sew up1837
to wear to death1840
to take it (also a lot, too much, etc.) out of (a person)1847
gruel1850
to stump up1853
exhaust1860
finish1864
peter1869
knacker1886
grind1887
tew1893
crease1925
poop1931
raddle1951
the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > destroy or ruin a person
spillc950
amarOE
smitelOE
aspillc1175
mischievec1325
to bid (something) misadventurec1330
mara1375
fordoc1380
undo1390
wrack1564
to make roast meat of (also for)1565
wrake1567
wreck1590
speed1594
feeze1609
to do a person's business1667
cook1708
to settle a person's hash1795
diddle1806
to fix1836
raddle1951
1951 Musical Times 92 555/1 A monotonously repeated rhythm which wonderfully raddled and ruined the great theme.
1963 J. Hitrec tr. I. Andríc Bosnian Chron. vii. 128 A protective armor against this cunning and seductive Eastern silence which blurred, muddied, jellied, raddled, and numbed all things.
1992 Times 24 Oct. 12/5 Many Canadian businesses..predict that a ‘no’ vote could cripple an economy already raddled by the recession.
1994 D. Healy Goat's Song (1995) 212 Her mind still raddled by the stories she had been reading out loud till first light over the preceding days.
2002 Guardian 20 June ii. 17/2 The most interesting aspect of Clara to write about—indeed of Robert too—became the unsaids, the silences raddling the life.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
raddlev.3
/ˈradl/, U.S. /ˈræd(ə)l/ English regional (northern)
transitive. To beat, thrash (a person); frequently in to raddle (a person's) bones and variants.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > beating or repeated striking > beat [verb (transitive)] > specifically a person
to-beatc893
threshOE
bustc1225
to lay on or upon?c1225
berrya1250
to-bunea1250
touchc1330
arrayc1380
byfrapc1380
boxc1390
swinga1400
forbeatc1420
peal?a1425
routa1425
noddlea1450
forslinger1481
wipe1523
trima1529
baste1533
waulk1533
slip1535
peppera1550
bethwack1555
kembc1566
to beat (a person) black and blue1568
beswinge1568
paik1568
trounce1568
canvass1573
swaddle?1577
bebaste1582
besoop1589
bumfeage1589
dry-beat1589
feague1589
lamback1589
clapperclaw1590
thrash1593
belam1595
lam1595
beswaddle1598
bumfeagle1598
belabour1600
tew1600
flesh-baste1611
dust1612
feeze1612
mill1612
verberate1614
bethumpa1616
rebuke1619
bemaul1620
tabor1624
maula1627
batterfang1630
dry-baste1630
lambaste1637
thunder-thump1637
cullis1639
dry-banga1640
nuddle1640
sauce1651
feak1652
cotton1654
fustigate1656
brush1665
squab1668
raddle1677
to tan (a person's) hide1679
slam1691
bebump1694
to give (a person) his load1694
fag1699
towel1705
to kick a person's butt1741
fum1790
devel1807
bray1808
to beat (also scare, etc.) someone's daylights out1813
mug1818
to knock (a person) into the middle of next week1821
welt1823
hidea1825
slate1825
targe1825
wallop1825
pounce1827
to lay into1838
flake1841
muzzle1843
paste1846
looder1850
frail1851
snake1859
fettle1863
to do over1866
jacket1875
to knock seven kinds of —— out of (a person)1877
to take apart1880
splatter1881
to beat (knock, etc.) the tar out of1884
to —— the shit out of (a person or thing)1886
to do up1887
to —— (the) hell out of1887
to beat — bells out of a person1890
soak1892
to punch out1893
stoush1893
to work over1903
to beat up1907
to punch up1907
cream1929
shellac1930
to —— the bejesus out of (a person or thing)1931
duff1943
clobber1944
to fill in1948
to bash up1954
to —— seven shades of —— out of (a person or thing)1976
to —— seven shades out of (a person or thing)1983
beast1990
becurry-
fan-
1677 T. Otway Cheats of Scapin iii. i, in Titus & Berenice 57 Ay's raddle th'bones on thee.
1688 T. Shadwell Squire of Alsatia ii. i. 31 I'st raddle the Bones o' thee.
1740 ‘T. Bobbin’ View Dial. 8 Een raddle meh hoyd titely, sey I.
1817 W. Scott Rob Roy I. vii. 150 I'se raddle Dick the miller's bones for him.
1855 Bon Gaultier Ballads 171 Raddle him well, till he roar again.
1879 J. C. Clough B. Bresskittle 16 Aw'll raddle thi bones for thee.
1889 M. E. Le Clerc in G. P. Baker Dramatic Technique (1919) viii. 353 The corporal he raddled my bones terrible.
1928 A. E. Pease Dict. Dial. N. Riding Yorks. 100/1 Raddle, to beat hard with a stick or cane. ‘My! Ah'll gie his beeans a raaddlin gin Ah catch him at it.’
2003 A. Garner Thursbitch (2004) xxv. 124 Hey! Shape for shift thisen! Else I'll raddle thi bones for thee!
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1a1350
n.21530n.31577
n.41875v.11470v.21631v.31677