radialadj.n.
/ˈreɪdɪəl/, U.S. /ˈreɪdiəl/ A. adj.† 1. Of light, beams, etc.: issuing as rays. Also: of or relating to light in the form of rays. Obsolete.
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the world > matter > light > [adjective] > emitting rays > of the nature of or resembling rays
radiant1509
radial1570
radious1692
streamy1718
beam-like1820
actinomorphous1879
1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. bj The certaine and determined actiue Radiall emanations.
1637 R. Ashley tr. V. Malvezzi Davide Perseguitato 83 A violent starre, whose radiall beames may be good.
1649 W. Charleton in tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes Prolegomena sig. d4v An Influentiall or Radiall Activity (so have I taken the liberty to Christen it).
1713 Countess of Winchilsea Misc. Poems 69 Enliv'ning Beams might from them fly, To re-inkindle..The radial sparks.
1747 E. Litton Philos. Conjectures Aereal Infl. 26 These Bodies..may..wander in the attractive Spheres of other Planets, till some accidental Cause, Combination, Alteration, or radial Influence, settle the restless Wanderers in strange Abodes.
a1774 O. Goldsmith Surv. Exper. Philos. (1776) II. 353 Place an object that is blue under a yellow ray, the object immediately assumes the radial colour.
2.
a. Diverging from a central point or region like rays or the radii of a circle; having the position or direction of a radius; located or measured on or along a radius.
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the world > space > relative position > inclination > divergence > [adjective] > characterized by radial divergence > arranged radially
radial?1597
spoked1597
spoky1601
radiated1703
radious1703
radiate1796
radialized1889
?1597 J. Blagrave Apol. & Addition to Vranicall Astrolabe sig. A3v By the leading about thereof [i.e. moving the zenithfer of an astrolabe] by the degrees of the Maters limbe..his radial degrees do lymit out the parallelles of latitude or declination from thequinoctiall.
1653 T. Urquhart Logopandecteision iv. 64 From the circumference to the center, may be drawn infinite lines:..yet is the obliquitie of any of those radial lines, the lesse, the nearer it approach the perpendicular.
1702 A. Forbes tr. B. Lamy Treat. Perspective iv. 48 This point is call'd, the point of Concourse. It is likewise call'd the Center; and the Lines that meet there, are call'd Radial [Fr. On le nomme aussi centre; & lignes radiales celles qui s'y vont rendre].
1741 J. Stockton tr. C. de Saint-Yves New Treat. Dis. Eyes iii. 14 The Pupil..is dilated by the radial or strait Fibres, and contracted by the Circular.
1750 B. Franklin Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1769) 354 I..composed also a magick circle, consisting of 8 concentric circles, and 8 radial rows.
1837 D. Brewster Treat. Magnetism 115 When the eight open radial spaces were filled up with tin.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xv. 100 The glacier of the Rhone..its system of radial crevasses.
1884 F. O. Bower & D. H. Scott tr. H. A. de Bary Compar. Anat. Phanerogams & Ferns 338 The radial walls of the layer of cells bordering these canals.
1925 E. B. Wilson Cell (ed. 3) iv. 272 A thick and often double membrane traversed by fine radial canals.
1958 J. E. Morton Molluscs xi. 211 The octopod pattern of eight radial arms joined by a basal web.
1963 Field Archaeol. (Ordnance Surv.) (ed. 4) 63 The radial walls stop short of the outside wall in plan, thus creating a continuous passage right round the interior of the house.
1991 C. A. Ronan Nat. Hist. Universe 127 Dark radial markings resembling spokes constantly dissolve and re-appear, revolving with Saturn's rings.
b. Relating to a radius or radii of a circle or circular arc.
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the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [adjective] > radial
radious1654
radial1706
1706 H. Ditton Inst. Fluxions i. 7 So if we imagine the Line AB to revolve about the fix'd Point B as a Center, while the Point A moves in the Direction AB, from A towards B (as before) than [read then] the Point A by these two Motions will describe some one of the Radial Curves.
1734 J. Keill Exam. Burnet's Theory of Earth (ed. 2) 48 The radial Equation..only determines the Arc of the Curve whose Amplitude is a Right-angle.
1869 W. J. M. Rankine Cycl. Machine & Hand-tools 111 The radial pitch [is to be found] by dividing the radius by the same number.
1895 Science 20 Sept. 359/2 The radial angle with the fibers at which the fibers begin to crush sidewise was..determined.
1982 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 379 358 By definition there is no radial curvature in a two-dimensional surface.
2001 Math. Mag. 74 263 Consider a circle of radius R... Locate a point on the circumference and call ϕ(t) the radial angle with the downward vertical.
c. Designating an axle (of a railway carriage, tramcar, etc.) which on a curve of the track assumes the position of a radius to that curve. Also: relating to or fitted with such an axle or axles.
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1864 Railway Times 28 May 174/2 The radial axle-boxes were only a little larger than ordinary engine axle-boxes.
1883 Daily News 6 July 3/7 A system of cars by which..a truly radial axle is obtained.
1889 G. Findlay Working & Managem. Eng. Railway 104 The compound engines are fitted with ‘Webb's radial axle-box’.
1912 Times 9 Aug. 2/7 The point raised by this derailment is whether a tank engine with a leading and a trailing radial axle is suitable for drawing high-speed trains.
1985 Mod. Railroads Aug. 29/2 Wheel and rail wear are greatly improved through use of the new self-steering trucks (also known as radial trucks).
d. Zoology. Relating to, situated on, or aligned with the primary axes of symmetry of an animal with a radially symmetrical body plan (such as a medusa or an echinoderm); spec. relating to or aligned with the arms or ambulacra of an echinoderm. Cf. perradial adj.Cf. radial nerve n. (b) at Compounds.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Diploblastica > phylum Coelenterata > [adjective] > relating to rays
radial1870
perradial1880
1870 G. Rolleston Forms Animal Life 141 Along the medial line of each radial avenue.
1940 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 6) I. xi. 735 In the Holothuroidea there are five radial sinuses extending through the ambulacral areas between the superficial radial nerve and the radial ambulacral vessel.
1962 D. Nichols Echinoderms iii. 42 The oral perihaemal ring round the oesophagus sends a radial perihaemal canal into each arm.
1987 M. S. Laverack & J. Dando Lect. Notes Invertebr. Zool. (ed. 3) iv. 31/1 The stomach..leads into radial gastrodermal canals which connect with a ring canal.
e. Botany and Forestry. Designating a longitudinal section or saw cut made along a radius or diameter of a stem or root, or the surface so exposed.Cf. radial sawed adj., radial sawn adj. at Compounds.
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the world > plants > part of plant > stem or stalk > [adjective] > radial (of section of)
radial1881
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [adjective] > cut or sawn > type of cut
radial1881
1881 J. S. Gamble Man. Indian Timbers 175 Medullary rays fine, equidistant, prominent on a radial section.
1922 W. A. Foster & D. G. Carter Farm Buildings 284 The radial cut exposes even layers of spring and summer wood, which has greater wearing qualities.
1938 H. E. Desch Timber ii. 19 The rays are usually just visible to the naked eye on radial surfaces, where they appear as narrow, horizontal ribbons.
1969 H. L. Edlin What Wood is That? i. 20 (caption) The radial cut through a birch-log, which splits it into two, becomes convex after seasoning.
2003 Jrl. Cultural Heritage 4 224/1 A radial cut has fewer tendencies to form cracks and better weather resistance compared to tangentially cut woodwork.
f. Of a road, route, etc.: running directly from the centre of a town or city to an outlying district (esp. as part of a system of such roads or routes). Of a transport service: that operates on such routes.
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society > travel > means of travel > route or way > [adjective] > in specific direction
cross-town1886
radial1892
orbital1933
1892 Century June 170/1 Broad radial boulevards have been thrown out in straight..lines to the outer edges of the metropolis.
1916 A. Bridle Sons of Canada 191 He had come to the point where he would make hydro-electric compete with all systems of radial and inter-urban lines in that part of Ontario.
1937 Times 13 Apr. (British Motor Suppl.) p. x/2 The plan may provide for orbital and radial roads, parkways, viaducts and tunnels, [etc.].
1957 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 335 Wren suggested the use of radial streets integrated with the rectangular plotting of intervening areas, broad streets and location of industry outside the city limits.
1976 P. R. White Planning for Public Transport v. 106 Even on the radial Green Line Services, the heaviest loads are often between inner and outer suburban centres.
1990 Mod. Railways Aug. 410/3 We are the radial provider, with BR: 76% of commuting to central London is by rail.
2006 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 20 May 10 It received maximum exposure on one of the city's radial roads.
3. Anatomy and Zoology. Of or relating to the radius; designating or located on the side of the forearm occupied by the radius (i.e. the lateral or thumb side). Also: of or relating to a radial blood vessel or nerve.Cf. radial artery n., radial nerve n., radial vein n. at Compounds.
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the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > bones of arm or leg > bones of arm > [adjective] > radius
radial1677
1677 E. Coles Eng. Dict. (new ed.) Radial artery, a branch of the arm-hole artery bestowing it self on the Radius.
1754 tr. B. S. Albinus Explan. Anat. Fig. Human Skeleton 19 A sinus or groove that is again partitioned into two, thro' which pass the tendons of the external radial muscles.
1803 J. Barclay New Anat. Nomencl. 125 We may use the terms Radial and Ulnar to signify the two lateral parts.
1851 H. Mayo On Truths Pop. Superstit. (ed. 2) 195 The radial (or thumb) edge of the wrist.
1890 Practitioner June 421 (caption) Upper curve, radial pulse obtained from healthy adult male.
1920 Lancet 22 May 1108/2 In others the ulnar neuritis is complicated by the wrist drop of a radial neuritis.
1966 R. Morris & D. Morris Men & Pandas viii. 153 The pseudo-thumb bone is known..as the radial sesamoid.
1976 Lancet 20 Nov. 1137/1 Her radial pulse was 72/min and regular.
2006 Pediatric Dermatol. 23 53 A 23-month-old girl had a mass on the radial aspect of the right third finger at the distal interphalangeal joint.
4.
a. Having spokes, bars, lines, etc., extending from a centre; spec. designating apparatus or machines having a movable arm which can rotate around a fixed axis. radial crown n. = radiate crown n. at radiate adj. and n. Compounds.
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the world > space > relative position > inclination > divergence > [adjective] > characterized by radial divergence > having radiating parts
radiated1665
radiate1668
radial1722
rayed1853
sun-rayed1856
1722 J. Richardson Acct. Statues Italy 213 He has given some Touches for a Radial Crown on his Head.
1762 W. Falconer Shipwreck i. 8 In his radial wheel the circling Sun Thro bright Astræa and the Scales had run.
1869 E. J. Reed Shipbuilding xv. 278 Common radial paddle wheels usually have two shaft bearings.
1875 Practical Mag. 5 276/1 Bouhey's radial machine.
1897 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport I. 277/1 The tangent wheel, as it is called, is immensely stronger than the old-fashioned radial or ‘direct’ wheel.
1964 S. Crawford Basic Engin. Processes (1969) ix. 226 The radial drilling machine is most suitable for the larger class of work.
1991 Offshore Engineer Sept. 216/1 The hydraulic power unit will be equipped with dual 132kW electric motors, each driving a radial piston pump.
b. = radial-ply adj. and n. (a) at Compounds.
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1967 Autocar 5 Oct. 19/2 Radial tyres..add appreciably to the car's safety margin, especially in the wet.
1972 C. Weston Poor, Poor Ophelia (1973) viii. 42 His car whirled up, radial tires singing on the glossy pavement.
2006 Ottawa (Canada) Sun (Nexis) 30 Nov. 37 The 2007 Endeavor LTD I was piloting rode comfortably on..its mud and snow rated 17-in. radial tires.
5. Of immaterial things: involving or characterized by the divergence of lines or parts from a centre; having the direction of, acting along, or moving along such lines.
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the world > space > relative position > inclination > divergence > [adjective] > characterized by radial divergence > specifically of immaterial things
radiated1702
radial1833
radiate1852
1833 J. F. W. Herschel Astronomy xi. 353 The radial part of the disturbing force.
1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. xiii. §115. 383 When the blow is violent enough to fracture the mass, we see, in the radial dispersion of its fragments [etc.].
1875 A. W. Bennett & W. T. T. Dyer tr. J. von Sachs Text-bk. Bot. 692 The root takes an outward radial direction..the stem an inward radial direction.
1905 L. S. Robertson Bauer's Marine Engines & Boilers 62 The radial acceleration of the rotating masses varies as the distances of their centres of gravity from the centre of the crank shaft.
1960 K. Esau Anat. Seed Plants ix. 100 Radial sections also reveal the radial seriation.
1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 869/2 The solar photosphere and chromosphere are constantly moving inward and outward in a nearly radial motion.
6. Zoology. Of or relating to bony or cartilaginous elements in a fish's fin, distal to the basal segment and supporting a fin ray. Cf. sense B. 4.
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the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [adjective] > having fin(s) > of parts of fin
interneural1846
radial1871
pinnular1877
homacanth1880
procurrent1884
1871 E. D. Cope in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1869–70 11 568 This species is near the B. gronovii Blecker, but has different radial formulæ and larger maxillary barbels.
1902 Amer. Naturalist 36 772 In certain Devonian forms..the dorsal fins show clearly concrescence of radial and basal elements.
1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. i. 109 The fin skeleton consists of:—i. A basal piece, the basi-pterygium extending along the inner edge of the fin. ii. A series of radial cartilages on the outer edge of the basi-pterygium. [etc.]
1983 Copeia No. 3. 780/1 Another apparently derived character state in serranids is absence of the third preural radial cartilages.
7. Entomology. Of, relating to, or designating the radius of an insect's wing (radius n. 1c).Cf. radial sector n., radial vein n. (b) at Compounds.
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1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 934 Redtenbacher defines five fields in the fully-developed wing of an insect. These are (1) the costal field, with the costa; (2) the radial field, with the radius and its numerous sectors; [etc.].
1898 J. H. Comstock & J. G. Needham in Amer. Naturalist 32 87 The second of the principal divisions of radius is typically four-branched, and on account of the frequency of the necessity of making reference to it a special name has been applied to it, the radial sector.
1938 A. D. Imms Gen. Textbk. Entomol. (ed. 4) i. 40 The first type [of vein coalescence] is well exhibited in the case of the radial veins of Rhyphus.
1958 Amer. Midland Naturalist 59 497 Traversing the wing laterally from the junction of these veins is the stigmal or the radial cross vein.
2001 Jrnl. Orthoptera Res. 10 191/2 Hind wing radial vein simple, media vein with or without an apical fork.
8. Physical Geography. Designating or characterizing a pattern of drainage in which streams flow outwards from a central dome or other elevated region.
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the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [adjective]
autogenetic1890
superposed1894
trellised1895
antecedent1927
radial1931
pinnate1932
1910 P. Lake & R. H. Rastall Text-bk. Geol. iv. 86 The arrangement of the principal valleys, in most of which are considerable lakes, is distinctly radial.]
1931 C. C. Carter Landforms & Life xix. 122 Ten or more..radial streams and valleys may be counted and named from the map.
1954 W. D. Thornbury Princ. Geomorphol. v. 126 In radial patterns,..the individual stream patterns may well be dendritic or pinnate, and radial designates more their arrangement with respect to each other than it does the stream pattern.
1969 Geography 54 199 The almost perfect radial drainage developed on the andesite volcano of Mount Egmont.
1992 Geophysical Res. Lett. 19 2119/1 A topographic dome, radial drainage pattern, and regional negative gravity anomaly, all centered on Lake Superior, are vestiges of a 1100 Ma mantle plume.
B. n.† 5. Zoology. Cuvier's name for: the scapula of a fish. Obsolete. rare.Apparently only attested in dictionaries or glossaries.
1. A line that is a radius; a radial line.
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the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > specific relating to a curve
asymptote1656
radius1657
radial1702
subradius1826
1702 A. Forbes tr. B. Lamy Treat. Perspective vi. 106 Drawing from M to the point B the line M B, which cuts the radial [Fr. la radiale] A L in N, which is the Perspective of C.
1730 B. Langley Young Builder's Rudim. 80 I call the two radial Lines I G and I E, Principal Radials.
1851 W. Minifie Text Bk. Geom. Drawing (ed. 3) 95 Put the square in perspective as before shewn, draw the diagonals N. D′, and O. D, and the radials Y. S and Y.′ S.
1902 Bull. Amer. Geogr. Soc. 34 297 The..concentric circumferences should be numbered serially from the centre,..and the radials should also be marked.
1930 Amer. Anthropologist 32 470 The sewing appears like a series of radials emanating from the bottom center [of a basket] up along the sides to the rim.
2000 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 59 331/1 Radials run outward through rather than inward from the single triangle's points, and arcs are drafted to establish the hexagon's perpendicular cross axis.
2. Anatomy and Zoology. A radial blood vessel, esp. a radial artery; a radial nerve; †a radial muscle (obsolete).
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the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood vessel > artery > [noun] > specific artery
arterial vein?c1425
adorthy1525
subethal1525
temporal?1541
veiny artery1543
share artery1545
aorta1594
cephalic artery1599
subclavia1615
venous artery1650
subclavicular1656
pulmonary1707
cœliac artery or axis1713
renal1721
radial1723
carotid1741
ranine1753
femoral1754
hypogastric1774
iliac1782
pudical1803
articular1808
pudic1824
anonyma1832
internal mammary1835–6
iliac artery1840
transverse artery1842
innominate artery1866
innominate1879
thyroid axis1881
hyoid1883
medicerebral1889
coronary1893
the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > nerves in arm
median?a1425
radial1723
musculo-spiral1899
ulnar1899
1723 tr. R. J. C. de Garengeot Treat. Chirurg. Operations xlii. 426 Three branches open into the interosseous Artery, and the two others into the radial [Fr. la radiale] and cubital.
1754 tr. B. S. Albinus Explan. Anat. Fig. Human Skeleton 33 From the fore-arms and hands the long supinators, the round pronators, the internal radials, the palmares longi, [etc.].
1844 Lancet 6 Apr. 69/1 It shows that an aneurism close to the heart does not necessarily occasion intermission of the pulse in the innominata, radials, or carotid.
1871 Encycl. Brit. I. 868/2 The radial passes through the forearm to the hand.
1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 368 Extending the inquiry from the radials of both sides to the brachial and axillary arteries.
1932 Amer. Jrnl. Surg. 17 469 Of all the branches of the brachial plexus in the axilla, the radial is the only nerve in close relation to the axillary.
2004 Thrombosis Res. 114 398/1 This region carries the fetal chorionic blood vessels, which are branching radials from the umbilical vessels.
3. Zoology. Originally: each of the plates in the theca of a crinoid between the basals and the brachials. Now more widely: each of a set of structures situated on or aligned with the primary axes of symmetry of an animal exhibiting radial symmetry (such as a medusa or echinoderm). Cf. radiale n. 1.
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the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > division Pelmatozoa > class Crinoidea > member of > parts of > radiating segment
radiale1869
radial1872
1872 H. A. Nicholson Man. Palæontol. 125 A series of two or three rows of plates, which are directly superimposed upon one another, and which form the foundations of the arms... These are termed the ‘radials’.
1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals ix. 583 The first radial corresponds in direction with the origin of one of the arms, and is followed by a second and third radial.
1939 T. L. Green Pract. Animal Biol. i. 18 The statocysts [of a medusa]..are 8 in number, placed 2 in each quarter between the radials.
1962 D. Nichols Echinoderms x. 131 It is the ophiuroids which depart most from the basic plan, having the interradials outside the radials.
1995 J. Moyse & P. A. Tyler in P. J. Hayward & J. S. Ryland Handbk. Marine Fauna N.W. Europe xii. 664/1 In the feather stars, a large ossicle, the centro-dorsal (corresponding to the top of the stalk) is surrounded by a series of other large ossicles: five basals alternating with five radials.
4. Zoology. A bony or cartilaginous element in a fish's fin, distal to the basal segment and supporting a fin ray. Cf. sense A. 6 and radiale n. 3.
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the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > fin or parts of fin
finc1000
spitc1275
ray1668
pinna1688
radius1740
spine1774
interneural1854
fin-ray1863
mesopterygium1871
metapterygium1871
radiale1871
finlet1874
propterygium1876
radial1882
axonost1887
lepidotrichium1904
1882 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 173 406 There is an essential difference between the dorsal and ventral parts of the caudal fin in Elasmobranchs, in that in the former the radials are more numerous than the vertebræ and unconformable to them.
1927 Science 2 Dec. 540/2 One of the incomplete specimens of Phanerosteon mirabile..shows on the anal radials ‘bladder-wrack’ osteomae, which are so common in some types of living fishes.
1962 K. F. Lagler et al. Ichthyol. iii. 73 The pectoral girdle is connected to the rays of the pectoral fin by various intermediate skeletal elements. In the sharks and relatives these are..a propterygium, mesopterygium, and metapterygium, and numerous radials.
1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes iii. 32/1 Primitive bony fishes such as the bowfin (Amia ) still have three radials supporting each median fin ray, but these are reduced to two and then one in higher teleosts.
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the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > bones (various types of)
grate1481
pharyngeal1791
suboperculum1818
supratemporal1834
shackle-joint1837
mastoid1840
wrist1840
mastoid bone1841
subopercular1841
mesotympanic1846
suprascapula1846
hypobranchials1848
hypotympanic1848
urohyal1848
radius1854
epicentral1866
pterotic1866
mesocoracoid1868
supraclavicle1868
precoracoid1869
symplectic1870
hypural1871
mesopterygoid1871
post-temporal1871
postclavicle1872
brachial1873
urostyle1875
hypercoracoid1876
admaxillary1885
intercalarium1887
palatopterygoquadrate1888
subtectal1888
Weberian apparatus1889
Weberian ossicles1889
radial1890
supracleithrum1903
1890 in Cent. Dict. Radial, in ichth., the radius or hypercoracoid (a bone).
6.
a. A radial road or route.
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1892 Century June 170/1 Handsome as is the broad inner ring of boulevards..it is far surpassed by the newer ‘grosse-ring’ which crosses the radials about a mile further out.
1908 Cedar Rapids (Iowa) Evening Gaz. 19 Sept. 2/1 It is less fortunate in the possession of belting highways to connect these radials.
1944 Times 28 Apr. 2/4 The ring road roundabouts; and possibly some of the radials, are raised above ground level.
1972 H. V. F. Winstone & Z. Freeth Kuwait ix. 224 Four concentric ring roads with a super-block development between the rings and radials.
1993 Guardian 2 July 25/7 This road is one of the busiest radials into Newcastle, carrying 40,000 vehicles a day.
b. Canadian. An electric railway operating on a radial route; a train or tram on such a route. Now historical.Radials operated out of Toronto from the 1890s to the 1940s.
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1903 Manitoba Morning Free Press 25 Dec. 1/2 (heading) Stratford's radials. Offers from two capitalists to construct electric railways.
1912 Lethbridge (Alberta) Daily Herald 29 Oct. 11/4 It is believed that a radial which would connect the Canada West mines, Elean, Superior and the White Ash with the town would be a paying proposition within a year.
1972 J. Mosher Some would call it Adultery iii. xiv. 134 Father had already gone off on the half-past six radial.
1986 R. Bothwell Short Hist. Ontario iv. 110 There were also electric railways that trundled passengers and freight from Toronto to Lake Simcoe, Waterloo to Port Dover, or Windsor to Leamington. The intercity radials, as they were called, reached their peak soon after 1914.
7. Aeronautics. = radial engine n. at Compounds.
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society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > means of propulsion > [noun] > aircraft engine > piston engine > radial
radial1920
1920 G. C. Bailey Compl. Airman xii. 93 The rotary is very similar in appearance to the radial.
1944 P. H. Wilkinson Aircraft Engines of World 44 The M-11 engine is a 100 h.p. 5-cylinder air-cooled radial which is used in secondary training planes.
1971 P. J. McMahon Aircraft Propulsion xi. 312 Even though the radial made a comeback..the inline always had this fundamental advantage of a lower frontal area.
1994 R. E. Bilstein Flight Amer. (ed. 2) ii. 52 The cumbersome water-cooled Liberty engines also gave way in the mid-twenties to more efficient air-cooled radials.
8. Radio. Each of a number of wires attached radially (often in a horizontal plane) to the base of a vertical antenna, which partially mimics the reception and transmission characteristics of a sheet of conducting material attached at this point.
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society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > aerial > parts of
side lobe1843
downlead1910
anode tap1919
screen1922
lobe1926
radial1939
feed horn1952
1939 A.R.R.L. Antenna Bk. xii. 93/1 Better results can be expected as the length of the radial wires is increased... As many radials as possible should be used.
1952 QST (Amer. Radio Relay League) May 12/1 The antenna at W5CSU is operated with a ground system of 16 radials varying between 25 and 40 feet in length.
1981 P. Chippindale Brit. CB Bk. ix. 133 Instead of your car the normal home-base aerial..has radials at the bottom which take its place.
9. Radar. A straight line joining all points on the same bearing from a radar station.
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the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > instrument for detection > [noun] > radar system > position line
radial1956
1956 W. A. Heflin U.S. Air Force Dict. 417/2 Radial, any one of a number of lines of position radiating from an azimuthal radio-navigation facility,..identified in terms of the bearing of all points along that line from the facility.
1971 Flying Apr. 42/2 Then via the Coyle 270 radial until intersecting the 113 radial of Modena.
1993 New Yorker 13 Dec. 92/3 The V.O.R. radials, too, are laid out on magnetic headings, and conform to runway alignments.
10. A radial-ply tyre (see radial-ply adj. and n. at Compounds).
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society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > vehicles according to means of motion > vehicle moving on wheels > [noun] > parts of vehicle moving on wheels > wheel > rubber or pneumatic tyre > types of
sidewall1901
non-skid1905
retread1909
remould1928
recap1929
knobbly1938
knobby1943
whitewall1950
slick1959
bias-ply1964
radial1964
cross-ply1965
snow1968
Pennsylvania cap1971
wet1977
1964 Economist 26 Sept. 1254/1 Firestone has been experimenting with fibreglass cords for radials.
1987 Rally Sport Apr. 33/3 This Japanese steel radial has a very stable tread pattern.
2006 European Rubber Jrnl. (Nexis) 1 Mar. 6 Michelin pulled out of a joint venture with Apollo to make radial truck and bus tyres, citing the slow transition to radials in India as the reason.
Compounds
radial arm saw n. a circular saw which slides along a pivoting horizontal arm that can be repositioned for cutting at different angles.
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1935 Times 2 Mar. 24/7 (advt.) Woodworking machinery including..radial arm saw bench.
1973 Leonardo 6 209/2 To make simple cuts in large sheets, I use a radial-arm saw.
2006 Star Phoenix (Saskatoon, Sask.) (Nexis) 16 Dec. e5 Bob's wife, enrolled in a carpentry course..and made bookends with her new radial arm saw.
radial artery n. Anatomy and Zoology (a) one of the two major arteries of the forearm in humans, originating from the brachial artery and passing along the radial side of the forearm into the hand; (also) the corresponding artery of the forearm in other tetrapods, arising from the median artery; (b) any of a group of arteries arranged in a radial pattern within an organ.
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1677Radial artery [see sense A. 3].
1723 tr. R. J. C. de Garengeot Treat. Chirurg. Operations xlvi. 464 There was an absolute Necessity for cutting between the radial Artery [Fr. l'artere radicale], and the Sublimis and Profundus.
1828 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 687 The branches which the radial artery gives to the forearm are distinguished into anterior, posterior, external, and internal.
1968 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 29 Feb. 498/1 A specimen of blood from the right radial artery..revealed that the partial pressure of oxygen was 67 mm of mercury.
1992 Fund. & Appl. Toxicol. 18 532 The arcuate and cortical radial arteries of the kidneys were constricted immediately after the injection.
radial circuit n. (a) Electrical Engineering a distribution system in which a number of feeders or substations are each connected directly to a main substation; (b) a domestic electrical circuit in which sockets or appliances are separately connected to a central fuse box or supply (in contrast with a ring circuit).
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1925 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 44 1189/1 The general load is supplied by means of 2300/4000-volt, three-phase, four-wire radial circuits from the various manually-operated and remote-control substations.
1986 F. Guillou & C. Gray in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) v. iii. 737 Radial circuits may supply an unlimited number of socket-outlets, provided the above floor areas served by the circuit are not exceeded.
1993 Collins Compl. DIY Man. (new ed.) vii. 307/2 A powerful appliance such as a cooker or shower unit must have its own radial circuit.
radial curve n. Geometry rare a plane curve traced by a point moving round a fixed point at a gradually increasing distance; a spiral; (also) a curve most readily expressed in terms of polar coordinates.
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1706Radial Curve [see sense A. 2b].
1811 C. Hutton Course Math. (ed. 6) III. 189 Curves that turn around a fixed point or centre, gradually receding from it, are called spiral or radial curves.
1931 Art Bull. 13 488 The double fold already described..is repeated in simple concentric loops or radial curves.
2000 Jrnl. Soc. Archit. Historians 59 317/1 The complexity of the exedra's arc, which Borromini has approximated with a single radial curve of 47 palms, exactly half the courtyard's width.
radial energy n. [after French énergie radiale, introduced by Teilhard de Chardin (c1938) in writings published posthumously: see Le Phénomène Humain (1956) 62] a hypothetical form of energy postulated to produce increasing organization and complexity in both the physical and spiritual worlds, and to be manifest, for example, in the evolution of living organisms and in the development of ideas; cf. tangential energy n. at tangential adj. 2c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > specific types of energy
internal energy1654
positive energy1807
chemical energy1809
energy1852
potential energy1853
atomic energy1854
latent energy1854
static energy1869
free energy1884
rest energy1925
nuclear energy1958
radial energy1959
tangential energy1959
geothermal1960
dark energy1998
quintessence1998
1959 B. Wall tr. P. Teilhard de Chardin Phenomenon of Man i. ii. 65 In each particular element this fundamental energy is divided into two distinct components: a tangential energy which links the element with all others of the same order (that is to say, of the same complexity and the same centricity) as itself in the universe; and a radial energy which draws it towards ever greater complexity and centricity—in other words forwards.
1969 A. Richardson Dict. Christian Theol. 333/1 It is through increase in radial energy that decisive ‘critical points’ are reached, whether, for example, at the molecular level or at the leap from instinct to thought.
1998 Edmonton (Alberta) Sun (Nexis) 3 Sept. 58 Radial energy..is analogous to the concept of ‘information’ as understood by communications engineers.
radial engine n. a type of internal combustion engine (used chiefly in aircraft) having its cylinders fixed radially around a rotating crankshaft.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [noun] > rotary or radial
rotary engine1799
radial engine1909
Wankel1959
1909 R. Kennedy Flying Machines vii. 115 Miesse aero~motor: 8-cylinder radial engine, having the cylinders arranged in pairs and in an horizontal position.
1971 L. J. K. Setright Power to Fly vi. 162 Each of the 9 cylinder banks had its own overhead camshaft, a most uncommon luxury in radial engines.
1992 C. Wilkins Wolf's Eye 165 The sound was unmistakable—a big radial engine, the kind mounted in a DeHavilland Beaver or, more likely, an Otter.
radial-engined adj. powered by or having a radial engine.
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1933 Daily Mail (Charleston, West Virginia) 31 Dec. 5/8 Airplanes recently ordered for Britain's new defense squadron will be the fastest radial-engined military machines of any air force.
1942 R.A.F. Jrnl. 16 May 14/1 Single-seat, low-wing, radial-engined monoplane fighters..are standardised by the Army.
1990 Isis 81 386/2 The low-drag..cowling for radial engines, an innovation that..had a profound effect in the subsequent development of high-performance radial-engined planes for the civil airlines.
radial-flow adj. Mechanics designating or employing a turbine, pump, etc., in which fluid is constrained to move at right angles to an axis of rotation.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > turbine > [adjective] > types of
radial-flow1881
axial flow1889
mixed-pressure1909
mixed flow1958
refan1973
1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 527/1 For radial flow turbines the wheel may have the form A or B, fig. 191, A being most usual with inward, and B with outward flow turbines.
1914 W. M. Wallace Hydraulics vii. 101 It is usual to designate turbines as radial flow or parallel flow according as the water flows in a radial or axial direction through the wheel.
1972 J. M. K. Dake Essent. Engin. Hydraulics vi. 160 The centrifugal pump and the Francis turbine are examples of radial flow reaction machines.
1994 Jrnl. Fluid Mech. 269 107 Using the theory of functions of a complex variable..the irrotational and solenoidal flow in two-dimensional radial-flow pump and turbine impellers..is analysed.
radial keratotomy n. Ophthalmology a surgical procedure in which incisions are made in a radial pattern around the periphery of the cornea, so as to flatten its curvature and correct myopia; an instance of this.
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1980 Amer. Jrnl. Ophthalmol. 90 739 We have yet to evaluate the significance of the radiating streaks of light after monocular and binocular radial keratotomy.
1999 Times 13 June ii. 13/4 He draws attention to another innovative form of eye surgery hailed as a miracle in the late 1970s—radial keratotomy. The fact that many patients were found to have become long-sighted three years after the operation should be taken as a warning, he believes.
radial nerve n. (a) Anatomy and Zoology a large nerve arising from the brachial plexus and supplying branches to the skin and muscles of the posterior arm, forearm, and hand or manus; (b) Zoology any of a group of nerves arranged in a radial pattern, spec. a nerve supplying a single ray of an echinoderm.
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1733 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body II. 83 The Radial Nerve, so called, because it accompanies the Radius and the Radial Artery, arises from the Union of three compound Branches.
1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 352 The section of the radial nerve at the lower part of the arm.
1940 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. (ed. 6) I. xi. 712 A nerve ring surrounds the mouth and gives off the five radial nerves.
2001 P. Caldwell Sleep Really Well (2003) vii. 160 The radial nerve lies on the inside of the arm and is quite close to the skin halfway between the shoulder and the elbow.
radial-ply adj. and n. (a) adj. designating a tyre in which the layers of fabric are laid with the cords running at right angles to the circumference of the tyre, and the tread is strengthened by further layers of fabric running round the circumference (cf. cross-ply adj. at cross- comb. form 2); (b) n. a radial-ply tyre (cf. sense B. 10).
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1959 Williamsport (Pa.) Sun-Gaz. 3 Sept. 26/4 This radial-ply tire had a tractor draw-bar pull superiority of 33 per cent on concrete.
1966 Economist 22 Oct. 388/2 Michelin, pioneers of radial-plies, have yet another new tyre.
1971 Guardian 23 Mar. 18/4 Patents for radial-ply tyre design were first registered in about 1912.
1990 W. A. Livesey GCSE Motor Vehicle Stud. xiii. 111/1 Generally, radial-ply tyres roll more freely, giving more miles to the gallon and longer tread-life than cross-plies.
radial point n. now rare = radiant point n. at radiant adj. and n. Compounds; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > geometry > point > [noun] > forming a centre
centrec1392
centre of magnitude1599
radial point1738
incentre1882
1738 J. F. Fritsch tr. G. de Lairesse Art of Painting v. x. 218 (heading) Of the Difference of Ground-shades, proceeding either from the Sun, or radial Point.
1854 J. Hogg Microscope i. ii. 30 The pencil d n..having a radial point at p q.
1930 Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 2 185 The crown, which was formerly the radial point and initiator of the constitution, now stands ‘shorn of all its powers’.
radial saw n. = radial arm saw n.
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1932 Oakland (Calif.) Tribune 25 June 20 b/6 (advt.) Radial saw..slightly used.
1970 Art Jrnl. 29 439/1 The large sheets are cut into more manageable pieces on an arbor or radial saw.
2002 P. Lloyd Making Heirloom Boxes (2003) ix. 94/2 Cutting the tenons on the lease support using a radial saw with a stop clamped to the fence.
radial sawed adj. Forestry rare = quarter-sawn adj. at quarter n. Compounds 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [adjective] > cut or sawn > cut or sawn in specific manner
quarter cleft1666
listed1842
through-and-through-sawn1870
half-timber1874
rotary-cut1877
quarter-sawn1878
mill-run1881
flat-sawn1882
plain-sawed1888
plain-sawn1895
rift-sawn1895
radial sawn1958
radial sawed1972
1972 H. J. Dittmer Mod. Plant Biol. viii. 151 Radial or quarter-sawed wood is taken through the radius of the log.
radial sawn adj. Forestry = quarter-sawn adj. at quarter n. Compounds 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood in specific form > [adjective] > cut or sawn > cut or sawn in specific manner
quarter cleft1666
listed1842
through-and-through-sawn1870
half-timber1874
rotary-cut1877
quarter-sawn1878
mill-run1881
flat-sawn1882
plain-sawed1888
plain-sawn1895
rift-sawn1895
radial sawn1958
radial sawed1972
1958 N.Z. Timber Jrnl. Apr. 61/2 Radial sawn.
1986 F. Underwood & G. Warr in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) ii. viii. 262 Cross shrinkage is at its least on boards sawn this way and the panels are likely to remain flat. (That is also why musical instrument soundboards are made from radial sawn timber.)
radial sector n. Entomology the second principal division of the radius of an insect's wing (radius n. 1c), which typically has four branches.
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1887 Amer. Naturalist 21 934 Redtenbacher defines five fields in the fully-developed wing of an insect. These are (1) the costal field, with the costa; (2) the radial field, with the radius and its numerous sectors; [etc.].]
1898 J. H. Comstock & J. G. Needham in Amer. Naturalist 32 87 The second of the principal divisions of radius is typically four-branched, and on account of the frequency of the necessity of making reference to it a special name has been applied to it, the radial sector.
1938 A. D. Imms Gen. Textbk. Entomol. (ed. 4) i. 39 The radius (R) is typically 5-branched..: the second branch or radial sector (Rs) is concave and divides into four veins (R2 to R5).
2001 Florida Entomologist 84 71/2 Sclerotized media of fore wing with several very faint diagonal anterior branches intersecting radial sector.
radial shield n. Zoology (in ophiuroids) each of the large paired plates on the aboral side of the body near the base of each arm.
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1874 T. Lyman in Bull. Mus. Compar. Zoöl. Harvard 3 223 This species, by its conspicuous radial shields and its arms widened next the disk, stands near P. stellata.
1962 D. Nichols Echinoderms iv. 56 A pair of conspicuous plates, the radial shields, used extensively in taxonomy, lie close to the origin of each arm.
1996 Invertebr. Biol. 115 321 Growth bands are evident in sections of the radial shields of Astrobrachion constrictum.
radial symmetry n. chiefly Biology symmetry about a central axis; rotational symmetry.
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1866 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 156 625 The Echinoderms never exhibit a perfect radial symmetry.
1929 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 16 552 The essential feature is that the stamens, carpels, and perianth segments occur in threes or multiple of three arranged in radial symmetry.
1960 M. Schapiro in Israel: Anc. Mosaics (N.Y. Graphic Soc.) Pref. 12 In the middle panel, the strictness of the radial symmetry is broken or loosened.
2002 H. J. Morowitz Emergence of Everything xiv. 107 Colenterates have a considerably more organized body plan with a radial symmetry.
radial vein n. (a) Anatomy and Zoology a vein accompanying the radial artery; (b) Entomology the radius of an insect's wing (radius n. 1c); (c) Anatomy and Zoology any of a group of veins arranged in a radial pattern within an organ.
ΚΠ
1733 G. Douglas tr. J. B. Winslow Anat. Expos. Struct. Human Body II. 44 The external radial Vein runs along the Radius between the Muscles and Integuments, giving off Branches toward both sides.
1840 G. V. Ellis Demonstr. Anat. 392 The radial vein commences on the outer side of the back of the hand.
1900 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 39 6 From a common pattern with separated veins,..the wings of the Lycænids have evidently emerged, losing the generalized Hesperian number of radial veins in the operation.
1995 Investigative Ophthalmol. 36 751 The venous plexus..drains into multiple radial veins located within the episclera.
radial velocity n. velocity in a radial direction; (Astronomy) the velocity of a star or other celestial object along the line of sight of an observer.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > star > stellar motion > [noun] > velocity
radial velocity1870
space velocity1909
1870 Rep. U.S. Commissioners Paris Universal Expos. 1867 118 The cylindrical section of the interior of the wheel should be enlarged relatively to that of the circumference, to correspond to the diminution of radial velocity which takes place toward the openings for discharge.
1876 Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. 1874–5 14 657 The combined influences of Jupiter and Earth over the asteroidal belt..; the tendency of their mean radial velocities..and the limiting satellite velocities, to equality; [etc.].
1933 A. S. Eddington Expanding Universe i. 9 If a spiral nebula is not too faint it is possible to measure its radial velocity in the line of sight by measuring the shift of the lines in its spectrum.
1995 K. Croswell Alchemy of Heavens (1996) iv. 37 To obtain the radial velocity, an astronomer need not know anything about the star's distance.
Derivatives
radiˈality n. the state or condition of being radial in structure, arrangement, etc.; radial quality.
ΚΠ
1863 Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 1 59 Radiality, laterality, verticality, and longitudinality are, morphologically, peculiar to and characteristic of Radiates, Mollusks, Articulates, and Vertebrates respectively.
1891 Amer. Naturalist 25 21 It is believed that radiality is induced and progressively built up by the conditions of permanent fixation, with its attendant influences of environment.
1965 Jrnl. Nucl. Materials 16 105/2 It was found that the requirement of radiality is fulfilled for alumina particles up to about 800 Å wide.
2002 P. Stockwell Cognitive Poetics 29 Our cognitive system for categorisation is..an arrangement of elements in a radial structure or network with central good examples, secondary poorer examples, and peripheral examples... Items that display prototypicality within a structure can be seen to be chained through the notion of radiality.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.1570- glory-circled
- glory-crown
- glory-crowned
- glory-days
- glory-haunted
- glory-hole
- glory-laden
- glory-mist
- glory-pea
- glory-robe
- glory-seat
- glory-smitten
- glory-stricken
- glory-throne
- glory-tinged
- glory-tree
- glorybath
- glorybox
- glorycinctured
- glorycircled
- glorycrown
- glorycrowned
- glorydays
- gloryhaunted
- gloryhole