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raisinn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French reisin, rosin. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman reisin, reysin, reysyn, reysyng, reisyne, raisine, raysine, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French raisin, resin, Old French and Middle French roisin, (regional: Flanders and Picardy) rosin, Middle French raysin , rasin , racine , etc., grape, cluster of grapes (c1130), dried grape (first half of the 14th cent.; French raisin ) < post-classical Latin racimus (a1310 in a British source) < classical Latin racēmus raceme n. Compare Old Occitan razim (c1200), Catalan raïm (late 13th cent.), Spanish racimo (mid 13th cent. as razimo), Portuguese racimo (14th cent. as rracimo), Italian racemo (14th cent.).It is uncertain whether the following earlier example should be interpreted as showing the Anglo-Norman or the Middle English word:1278 in J. T. Fowler Extracts Acct. Rolls Abbey of Durham (1899) II. 486 In..ficubus, Raycinys, et novem lagenis vini. With ε. forms (rare in English) compare Middle Dutch rosine (13th cent.; Dutch rozijn ), Middle Low German rosin , rosine , Middle High German rōsīne (German Rosine ), Old Swedish rusin (Swedish russin ), all ultimately < Old French, Middle French rosin , roisin . The pronunciation as a homophone of reason (i.e. in modern English /ˈriːz(ə)n/) is exemplified by puns in Shakespeare; it remained current after the β. forms fell out of use in standard English, and is still defended by Webster in 1828; it survived longest in U.S. regional usage (southern and south midland), where it is recorded as rare but current in c1960 ( Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. s.v. raisin). Sheridan gives /ˈreɪz(ə)n/ in 1789. Compare:1807 H. J. Pye Comm. Commentators Shakespear 225 Reason and raisin..are pronounced alike in the age of George the Third, by every person who speaks without affectation.1893 H. A. Shands Some Peculiarities Speech Mississippi 74 Reesins (rîznz). The common pronunciation of raisins by negroes and illiterate whites. †1. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > grape the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > berry > [noun] > grape > bunch of grapes the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > edible berries > grape > bunch or part of bunch c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) 168 in C. Horstmann (1875) 1st Ser. 8 Ich þe comaundi, treo, þat þou heonne forthþe ward beo Fruyt berinde..And multepliinde þat þou beo Of racines þat comieth of þe. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. xix. 10 Ne in þy vyneȝard þe reysonys & coornes fallynge doun þou shalt not gedere. ?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 112 The peper groweth in maner as doth a wylde vyne..And the fruyt þerof hangeth in manere as resynges [?a1425 Egerton bobbes of grapes]. 1484 W. Caxton tr. iv. i A foxe..beheld the raysyns that grew vpon a hyghe vyne. 1532 Romaunt Rose in f. cxlvii/2 No man..Ne maye..of the reysyns haue the wyne Tyl grapes be rype. 1568 G. Skeyne vii. sig. B5v Of fructis, feggis, bytter almondis, dry rasingis, sowr apill or peir, orange, citroun, or limown . 1614 W. Raleigh i. i. vii. §8. 121 The fruit of the Vine or Raysin did not grow naturally in that part of Armenia. 1669 J. Rose (1675) 30 Then in..the beginning of June (when the little raisins are of the bigness before mentioned) stop their second joynt above the fruit. 1694 J. Addison tr. Virgil Fourth Georgick in (1914) 17 And Raisins ripen'd on the Psythian vine. 1795 M. M. tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre 131 He showed me a single raisin of the grape vine [Fr. Il me montra une grappe de raisin.]. the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fruit-tree or -plant > [noun] > tree or plant producing edible berries > grape-vine > types of 1573 T. Tusser (new ed.) f. 32 Of trees and fruites to be set or remoued..20 Respis 21 Reisons. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > dried fruit > [noun] > raisin α. 1302–3 in F. R. Chapman (1907) II. 17 (MED) ij fraellis de fyges et Reysingis. c1330 (?c1300) Reinbrun (Auch.) in J. Zupitza (1891) 632 (MED) Þai brouȝte..Fykes, reisyn, dates. a1425 (a1399) Forme of Cury (BL Add.) 83 in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler (1985) 120 For to make rys alkere, tak figys & reysons, & do awey þe kernelis. a1500 ( J. Yonge tr. (Rawl.) (1898) 245 Vse in this tymes..fygis, datis, and reysyns. 1596 J. Smythe in H. Ellis (1843) (Camden) 90 To suppe..with bread and reysins. 1673 Leith Customs f. 6, in (at cited word) 225 pound reisons, £1 7 s. the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > purplish brown 1764 G. Glas Descr. Canary Islands xiv, in tr. J. de Abreu de Galindo 284 At other times their habit is..a long wide camblet cloak of a raisin or black colour. 1909 4 Sept. 3/2 A purplish black called raisin. 1927 7 Mar. 6 (advt.) Light mulberry, new blue, raisin, rosewood. 1971 7 Sept. 9/1 A choice of colours: greengage,..fig, raisin, grape, black. 1995 Apr. 24/1 (caption) Be bold with colour—hot shades are carmel, saffron, clear deep red, raisin and indigo. Phrasesthe world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > dried fruit > [noun] > raisin the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > dried fruit > [noun] > raisin > types of raisin a1425 (a1399) Forme of Cury (BL Add.) 137 in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler (1985) 129 Do þerto oynouns icorue..and grete raysouns. a1450 in T. Austin (1888) 33 Caste þer-to Roysonys of Coraunce, Dates y-talid, grete Roysonys. a1475 (Sloane) (1862) 16 (MED) Sethe þenne oþer raysyns grete In rede wyne. c1485 Inventory in J. T. Fowler (1875) 366 In small reasynges, jd. ob. 1530–1 in J. Raine (1844) 38 Smalrasyngs. St in 1lb. carrenc'..4 d. 1584 T. Cogan cix. 96 Great Raysons and smal Raysons, otherwise called Corans. 1620 T. Venner 127 The small Raisins of Corinth, which we commonly call Currants, are much vsed in meats. 1633 T. Johnson (new ed.) ii. cccxxi. 871 Small Raisons, or Ribes, which wee call Currans, or small Raisins. 1675 311 Put in good store of Currans, great Raisins, and Pruans, clean washed, and pick'd. 1751 tr. 78 Small Raisins, per hundred Weight. 1888 July 62/1 The small raisins, known to the trade as currants (from Corinth), form more than half of the exports of the country. 1973 C. A. Wilson ix. 333 Also on the spice ships from southern Europe came great raisins, ‘raisins of Corinth’ or currants. 1996 (Nexis) 24 June 16 He tends a grape arbor, wisteria,..a vegetable garden and a currant (small raisin) bush, to name a few. P2. the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > dried fruit > [noun] > raisin ?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot xii. f. lxvi A lytle quantitye of raysyns of the sonne. 1558 W. Bullein f. lxxxiiii Raisins of the sunne be very holsome. 1599 R. Hakluyt II. 502 For sugar, suckets, raisins of the Sunne, and many other fruits, abundance. 1617 J. Woodall 186 Currants and Reysons of the Sun are likewise very good [in Scurvy]. 1642 Edinb. Test. LX. f. 181, in (at cited word) Rasinges of the sone. 1694–5 in M. Cash (1966) 166 A paper of Soweing Silke. Reasons of the Sun. 15 Loafes of sugar. 1711 5 Mar. 2/2 (advt.) Currants, Raisins of the Sun and Smirna..to be Sold by Zabdiel Boylston, at his Shop at the Head of Dock-Square in Boston. 1735 24 May 3/2 To be sold by William Kellaway..Smyrna Raisins, and Raisins in the Sun. 1780 J. T. Dillon ii. xvii. 376 The raisins of the sun..are still more delicate. 1841 XIX. 274/1 Muscatels, blooms,..raisins of the sun. 1936 V. Elwin 109 Raisins of the sun, musk-melons, figs..—to strengthen the stomach and keep down vapours. Compounds C1. a. 1740 J. Arnaud 12 That which is called by some Raisin Brandy, is only Melosses Spirits drawn somewhat higher. 1887 19 Nov. 403/2 My companions..stopped here, as is the custom, to rest before returning, and drink..raisin brandy. 1920 24 Feb. 16/6 A party of the State constabulary..was..forced to give up the wine and raisin brandy they had confiscated. 1979 (Nexis) 26 Apr. In the Navy, we brewed up a little applejack and raisin brandy..I've been living around homemade alcohol for a long time. 1845 Mar. 302a We defy your..household bread, your leaven bread, your brown Georges—your fancy bread and your raisin bread. 1902 A. Bennett xii. 316 The delicacies which differentiate high tea from tea..hot toast, sardines with tomatoes, raisin-bread, currant bread [etc.]. 1965 W. R. Harding x. 183 When he [sc. Thoreau] added raisins to the dough, it was said that he became the inventor of raisin bread. 2002 R. Sterling et al. 27 The government required all citizens to purchase a loaf of raisin bread with every loaf of wheat bread. 1919 H. Crane 27 Dec. (1965) 28 I got dreadfully drunk on dreadful raisin brew. 1995 (Nexis) 22 Dec. 1C The prisoners made liquor from fermenting raisins and sugar, called raisin brew. 1856 J. A. Alexander I. xvi. 221 For the grapes (or raisin-cakes) of Kir-haraseth shall ye sigh (or moan). 1875 21 Jan. 6/6 I handed him apples, fried cakes, prune sauce, raisin cake and pickled peaches; but nothing would stop his howling. 1909 M. Moore Let. 2 Feb. in (1997) 55 The maid..brought a silver dish of raisin cake, (raisin bread) and went out. 1973 M. Amis 83 Two kinds of sandwiches, raisin cake, sliced ham, unlimited tea. 2006 (Nexis) 28 Aug. 44 Dash was a sensational cook... His raisin cake was a family treat. 1676 J. Worlidge 177 The Raisin-grape is a large and long Grape. 1729 B. Langley xix. 116 There is another Kind of Raisin Grape, which, when ripe, is a pleasant Red, but it very seldom ripens in England. 1790 W. Speechly 5 The skin is thick and the flesh hard, something like the raisin grape. 1868 T. F. Cronise iii. 138 The Hon. J. E. Brown, who owns a vineyard near San José, has introduced the cultivation of the raisin-grape. 1930 E. A. Stokdyk & C. H. West ix. 136 Grape production in California amounts to about 2,000,000 tons annually, of which approximately..1,000,000 tons are raisin grapes. 2003 12 Feb. c8/3 An oversupply in wine and raisin grapes has caused a decline in grape acreage across the valley. 1767 J. Woodforde 24 July (1924) I. 64 I gave them a fine ham..and a good rich raisin pudding. 1788 D. Fenning & J. Malham 393 Chicken or other light broths, plain currant or raisin puddings, and other light diet, may also be used. 1813 W. Taylor in 35 233 The prune pudding, and the damascene pudding, are better entitled to be called plum-puddings than the currant, or raisin, puddings. 1963 A. B. Garrett ii. ii.113 The J.J. Thomson ‘raisin pudding’ model..describes the atom as a matrix of positive and negative charges of electricity. 2005 (Nexis) 16 Sept. c11 The sticky raisin pudding in rum sauce is the way I like to go most times. the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > non-grape and home-made wines > [noun] > raisin-wine 1599 R. Hakluyt II. ii. 107 At our comming aboord we found in her..raisin wine which is also very strong. 1613 P. Copland in S. Purchas (1625) I. iv. viii. 467 They have store of good Grapes, but none but Rasin wine. 1729 G. Smith 46 If when you rack off your Raisin Wine, you add to every five gallons a quart of the aforesaid Spirit..when you draw it off it will resemble Rhenish-Wine. 1870 Dec. 128/1 The decanters contained, I knew, cowslip and raisin wine, respectively. 1919 20 Dec. 9/3 The bulk of the yield had to be made into cheap sweet raisin wine. 1992 12 July 33/1 A man will never turn you down if offered a sip of dandelion, chokecherry or raisin wine. b. 1858 A. Mayhew 188 His teeth looked white as almonds against the raisin-coloured skin. 1988 Sept. 39/3 (caption) Chile guajillo, also known as mirasol , is narrow, spicy, and raisin-colored. 2001 H. Lane tr. J. Marmol i. iv. 47 He was dressed in..a loose raisin-colored blouse with a black cravat wound about his neck. C2. 1921 2 Sept. 22/3 (advt.) Bakery Department Specials Raisin-Bran Bread..15¢. 1925 23 Oct. 15 (advt.) Skinners' Raisin Bran..13¢. 1952 6 Jan. 6 s Raisin bran muffins... 1 cup seedless raisins, 2 eggs,..1½ cups ready-to-eat bran. 2005 (Electronic ed.) 21 Mar. 42 The marketing director..is chomping conspicuously on Raisin Bran straight from the box. the world > food and drink > food > container for food > [noun] > basket > for fruit or vegetables 1669 J. Evelyn Vintage in J. Rose (new ed.) 48 Putting the Cluster into a Raisin-frail or Bag of hair-cloth. 1753 R. Colborne 178/1 The Cinnamon will burn to the Bottom of the Still, and give it a bad Taste, if a raisin Frail with a Weight on it..be not put to prevent it. 1829 G. Jones II. 114 This drink, composed of one part of raisin juice to four of pure water, with a slight tincture of rose water, is to me..a nauseous drink. 1937 20 139 Thirteen different foods were offered,..namely, fresh pigeon blood, raisin juice, whole milk, [etc.]. 2006 (Nexis) 9 Jan. 26 Iranian teens..sipping fermented raisin juice mixed with orange concentrate and bopping to techno. 1548 W. Turner sig. H.iiij Rhibes..is called in some places of Englande a Rasin tree. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore II. 956/2 Raisin-tree, Ribes rubrum. 1887 G. Nicholson Raisin-tree, Japanese, a common name for Hovenia dulcis. 1971 23 36 In the monotypic Hovenia, the so-called ‘Japanese raisin tree’, the inflorescence-axis becomes considerably more succulent. 2001 www.gov-madeira.pt 18 Dec. (O.E.D. Archive) Path with the following trees on either side: Araucarias, Snowball Trees, Japanese Raisin Tree, Victorian Laurel, [etc.]. 2003 22 Mar. c2/4 Raisin trees are native to shady, moist glens and mountains of China. 1597 J. Gerard ii. 727 We may name it in English smal Raisin Vine. 1890 G. Eisen 39 Riverside had entered the field in 1873, when the founder of that colony..planted there the first raisin-vines of the variety Muscat of Alexandria. 1913 W. K. Harris v. 34 The capital cost of planting the sultana exceeds that of the ordinary raisin vine, on account of trellising. 1932 L. B. Wilder xi. 160 There are numerous other flowers that in a manner of speaking turn night into day. The little brown-flowered Raisin Vine is one of these. It gives to the night a spicy fragrance. 1977 17 July c2/6 A friend gave me a raisin vine, a charming lacy little climber that has fragrant purple blossoms. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.c1300 |
