rationalizationn.

Brit.

/ˌraʃn̩əlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/,

/ˌraʃn̩l̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/,

/ˌraʃənl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/,

/ˌraʃ(ə)nəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌræʃənləˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌræʃnələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌræʃənlˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/,

/ˌræʃnəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: see rationalize v. and -ation suffix.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rationalize v., -ation suffix.

Etymology: < rationalize v. + -ation suffix.

a. Mathematics. The process of removing irrational quantities from a mathematical expression, equation, etc.; the conversion of an expression, function, etc., into rational form.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > equation > simplification of

parabolism1699

extermination1753

elimination1798

rationalization1831

1831 J. Hymers Treat. Integral Calculus iii. 56 Rationalization... This transformation can be effected only in particular cases depending upon the form of u.

1853 A. Cayley in Cambr. & Dubl. Math. Jrnl. 8 97 (title) On the rationalisation of certain algebraical equations.

1921 Ann. Math. 23 37 The process of rationalization is exceedingly laborious for all but the lower values of q.

1964 Chrystal's Algebra (ed. 7) i. x. 193 It is often more important to work out the rationalisation by successive steps, instead of using at once the factor as given by the rule.

2000 Amer. Math. Monthly 107 835 Perhaps the first to see why rationalisation might be impossible was Jakob Bernoulli, who noted that a rationalisation of √(1−x⁴)..would violate Fermat's theorem.

b. Physics. The reformulation of the units, equations, and definitions of electromagnetism so that the factor 4π is removed from those relating to systems without spherical symmetry. Cf. rational adj. 7c, rationalized adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > field > equation, formula > reformulation of

rationalization1891

1891 O. Heaviside in Electrician 16 Oct. 656/2 When..the real advantages of the rational system become widely recognized and thoroughly assimilated, then will come a demand for the rationalisation of the practical units.

1942 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 7th Ser. 33 486 The simplification of formulæ due to rationalization can be illustrated by considering a parallel plate condenser.

1951 Electr. Engin. (U.S.) 70 332/2 A 4π was inserted in the denominator of the classical expression for force between parallel wires to accomplish rationalization, and that the elimination of 4π from the magnetomotive force relation followed.

1997 G. S. Smith Introd. Classical Electromagnetic Radiation 611 The factors 1/4π and 1/2π are written separately, rather than being included in the constants k₁ and k₃, respectively. This process, known as rationalization, is used to keep factors of 4π from appearing in Maxwell's equations.

a. The action or an act of making rational or intelligible, or of justifying or explaining away on a rational basis; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > [noun] > making intelligible

rationalization1846

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > [noun] > making rational

rationalizing1803

rationalization1846

1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 3) I. 129 The two Carthages are mere rationalizations of Claude.

1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 556 The rationalization which explains the legend.

1918 Mod. Lang. Notes 33 404 The Grail drawbridge may be something more than a mechanical contrivance, may be, in fact, a rationalization of a ‘perilous passage’.

1965 H. Stern & D. L. Nanney Biol. of Cells xix. 529 The concept of the plasmagene, a gene-like cytoplasmic element capable of differential assortment and replication during development, provided a possible means of rationalization.

1981 L. Deighton XPD xlvi. 376 Rationalization being man's only natural genius, it was not long before he was able to convince himself.

2006 J. Danvers Picturing Mind iv. 95 [They] point to a state before words, concepts, rationalisation and description, a non-symbolic engagement with what is.

b. Psychology. The (usually unwitting) justification, to oneself or others, of one's behaviour or attitude with plausible but specious reasons, esp. as a means of seeking social acceptability; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > transfer of feelings > [noun] > justification of behaviour

rationalization1886

1886 S. Coit in Mind July 330 We find that certain psychological laws of the emotions and will would make universal happiness an impracticable aim. The notion of it..would require a high degree of rationalization in a man in order to take hold of his imagination and stir his enthusiasm.

1908 Jrnl. Abnormal Psychol. 3 166 Two different groups of false explanations can be distinguished..according as they are formed mainly for private or mainly for public consumption. The former of these I would term ‘evasions’, the latter ‘rationalisations’.

1924 J. Riviere et al. tr. S. Freud Coll. Papers I. 341 His [sc. Adler's] theory does what all patients do..namely, makes use of a rationalization, as Jones has called it, in order to conceal unconscious motives.

1947 E. F. Frazier in Amer. Sociol. Rev. 12 271 A dynamic sociological theory of race relations which will discard all the rationalizations of race prejudice.

1961 H. Bonner Psychol. of Personality ix. 281 The term ‘rationalization’ has become a household word. It is essentially a method of self-justification. It is motivated by the fear of criticism and disapproval by others.

1994 sub-TERRAIN Fall 9/1 Unless you take full part in the therapy and don't walk around with some kind of bizarre rationalization in your head that precludes your recognizing when you're getting that old-time rapist feeling again you pose a danger to public safety.

3. Chiefly Economics and Sociology. The action, fact, or process of applying rational methods of analysis or planning to economic or social organization, esp. in order to achieve maximum profitability or efficiency; spec. the reorganization of a business, industry, etc., so as to reduce or eliminate waste of labour, time, or materials; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > an economic policy > specific policies and actions

protection1719

co-operation1817

tariff-reform1859

monetary union1866

border protection1875

rationalization1875

tariffication1892

tariffade1904

inflationism1919

NEP1923

war communism1928

voodoo economics1930

substantivism1931

sterilization1938

deficit spending1941

deficit financing1943

tax-and-spend1956

indexation1960

stop-go1964

incomes policy1965

scala mobile1965

quantitative easing1966

jawboning1969

Nixonomics1969

developmentalism1970

degrowth1971

inflation-proofing1973

NEB1973

dollarization1982

fiscal engineering1982

Rogernomics1985

1875 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 11 July The nature of the commodities exchanged will be determined at intervals by the Supreme Board of Government. This will be an important step in the rationalization of business.

1921 E. Paul & C. Paul tr. Rathenau In Days to Come iii. i. 125 The general wellbeing of the country is doubled or trebled by the setting of idle hands to work and by the rationalisation of production.

1934 P. Petroff & I. Petroff Secret of Hitler's Victory iii. 38 The soullessness of modern labour, which had reached its climax in consequence of the rationalization, became the outstanding feature of the whole period.

1936 H. A. Phelps Princ. & Laws of Sociol. xx. 424 A compensating general trend is the increasing rationalization of social life.

1947 A. M. Henderson & T. Parsons tr. M. Weber Theory Social & Econ. Organization i. 112 One of the most important aspects of the process of ‘rationalization’ of action is the substitution for the unthinking acceptance of ancient custom, of deliberate adaptation to situations in terms of self-interest.

1976 Star (Sheffield) 20 Nov. The company had announced ‘rationalisation’ plans meaning the closure of the Dronfield works.

2004 C. P. Shaw Whisky (new ed.) Introd. 7 A review of the years since the first edition (published in 1993) shows an industry that has faced a series of constant challenges:..consolidation and rationalization of the industry by remote, multi-national companies with headquarters..thousands of miles away.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rationalization
释义	rationalizationn. Brit. /ˌraʃn̩əlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, /ˌraʃn̩l̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, /ˌraʃənl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, /ˌraʃ(ə)nəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌræʃənləˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌræʃnələˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌræʃənlˌaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/, /ˌræʃnəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: see rationalize v. and -ation suffix. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: rationalize v., -ation suffix. Etymology: < rationalize v. + -ation suffix. 1. a. Mathematics. The process of removing irrational quantities from a mathematical expression, equation, etc.; the conversion of an expression, function, etc., into rational form. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > equation > simplification of parabolism1699 extermination1753 elimination1798 rationalization1831 1831 J. Hymers Treat. Integral Calculus iii. 56 Rationalization... This transformation can be effected only in particular cases depending upon the form of u. 1853 A. Cayley in Cambr. & Dubl. Math. Jrnl. 8 97 (title) On the rationalisation of certain algebraical equations. 1921 Ann. Math. 23 37 The process of rationalization is exceedingly laborious for all but the lower values of q. 1964 Chrystal's Algebra (ed. 7) i. x. 193 It is often more important to work out the rationalisation by successive steps, instead of using at once the factor as given by the rule. 2000 Amer. Math. Monthly 107 835 Perhaps the first to see why rationalisation might be impossible was Jakob Bernoulli, who noted that a rationalisation of √(1−x⁴)..would violate Fermat's theorem. b. Physics. The reformulation of the units, equations, and definitions of electromagnetism so that the factor 4π is removed from those relating to systems without spherical symmetry. Cf. rational adj. 7c, rationalized adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > field > equation, formula > reformulation of rationalization1891 1891 O. Heaviside in Electrician 16 Oct. 656/2 When..the real advantages of the rational system become widely recognized and thoroughly assimilated, then will come a demand for the rationalisation of the practical units. 1942 London, Edinb., & Dublin Philos. Mag. 7th Ser. 33 486 The simplification of formulæ due to rationalization can be illustrated by considering a parallel plate condenser. 1951 Electr. Engin. (U.S.) 70 332/2 A 4π was inserted in the denominator of the classical expression for force between parallel wires to accomplish rationalization, and that the elimination of 4π from the magnetomotive force relation followed. 1997 G. S. Smith Introd. Classical Electromagnetic Radiation 611 The factors 1/4π and 1/2π are written separately, rather than being included in the constants k₁ and k₃, respectively. This process, known as rationalization, is used to keep factors of 4π from appearing in Maxwell's equations. 2. a. The action or an act of making rational or intelligible, or of justifying or explaining away on a rational basis; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > [noun] > making intelligible rationalization1846 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > [noun] > making rational rationalizing1803 rationalization1846 1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters (ed. 3) I. 129 The two Carthages are mere rationalizations of Claude. 1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 556 The rationalization which explains the legend. 1918 Mod. Lang. Notes 33 404 The Grail drawbridge may be something more than a mechanical contrivance, may be, in fact, a rationalization of a ‘perilous passage’. 1965 H. Stern & D. L. Nanney Biol. of Cells xix. 529 The concept of the plasmagene, a gene-like cytoplasmic element capable of differential assortment and replication during development, provided a possible means of rationalization. 1981 L. Deighton XPD xlvi. 376 Rationalization being man's only natural genius, it was not long before he was able to convince himself. 2006 J. Danvers Picturing Mind iv. 95 [They] point to a state before words, concepts, rationalisation and description, a non-symbolic engagement with what is. b. Psychology. The (usually unwitting) justification, to oneself or others, of one's behaviour or attitude with plausible but specious reasons, esp. as a means of seeking social acceptability; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > transfer of feelings > [noun] > justification of behaviour rationalization1886 1886 S. Coit in Mind July 330 We find that certain psychological laws of the emotions and will would make universal happiness an impracticable aim. The notion of it..would require a high degree of rationalization in a man in order to take hold of his imagination and stir his enthusiasm. 1908 Jrnl. Abnormal Psychol. 3 166 Two different groups of false explanations can be distinguished..according as they are formed mainly for private or mainly for public consumption. The former of these I would term ‘evasions’, the latter ‘rationalisations’. 1924 J. Riviere et al. tr. S. Freud Coll. Papers I. 341 His [sc. Adler's] theory does what all patients do..namely, makes use of a rationalization, as Jones has called it, in order to conceal unconscious motives. 1947 E. F. Frazier in Amer. Sociol. Rev. 12 271 A dynamic sociological theory of race relations which will discard all the rationalizations of race prejudice. 1961 H. Bonner Psychol. of Personality ix. 281 The term ‘rationalization’ has become a household word. It is essentially a method of self-justification. It is motivated by the fear of criticism and disapproval by others. 1994 sub-TERRAIN Fall 9/1 Unless you take full part in the therapy and don't walk around with some kind of bizarre rationalization in your head that precludes your recognizing when you're getting that old-time rapist feeling again you pose a danger to public safety. 3. Chiefly Economics and Sociology. The action, fact, or process of applying rational methods of analysis or planning to economic or social organization, esp. in order to achieve maximum profitability or efficiency; spec. the reorganization of a business, industry, etc., so as to reduce or eliminate waste of labour, time, or materials; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > an economic policy > specific policies and actions protection1719 co-operation1817 tariff-reform1859 monetary union1866 border protection1875 rationalization1875 tariffication1892 tariffade1904 inflationism1919 NEP1923 war communism1928 voodoo economics1930 substantivism1931 sterilization1938 deficit spending1941 deficit financing1943 tax-and-spend1956 indexation1960 stop-go1964 incomes policy1965 scala mobile1965 quantitative easing1966 jawboning1969 Nixonomics1969 developmentalism1970 degrowth1971 inflation-proofing1973 NEB1973 dollarization1982 fiscal engineering1982 Rogernomics1985 1875 Galveston (Texas) Daily News 11 July The nature of the commodities exchanged will be determined at intervals by the Supreme Board of Government. This will be an important step in the rationalization of business. 1921 E. Paul & C. Paul tr. Rathenau In Days to Come iii. i. 125 The general wellbeing of the country is doubled or trebled by the setting of idle hands to work and by the rationalisation of production. 1934 P. Petroff & I. Petroff Secret of Hitler's Victory iii. 38 The soullessness of modern labour, which had reached its climax in consequence of the rationalization, became the outstanding feature of the whole period. 1936 H. A. Phelps Princ. & Laws of Sociol. xx. 424 A compensating general trend is the increasing rationalization of social life. 1947 A. M. Henderson & T. Parsons tr. M. Weber Theory Social & Econ. Organization i. 112 One of the most important aspects of the process of ‘rationalization’ of action is the substitution for the unthinking acceptance of ancient custom, of deliberate adaptation to situations in terms of self-interest. 1976 Star (Sheffield) 20 Nov. The company had announced ‘rationalisation’ plans meaning the closure of the Dronfield works. 2004 C. P. Shaw Whisky (new ed.) Introd. 7 A review of the years since the first edition (published in 1993) shows an industry that has faced a series of constant challenges:..consolidation and rationalization of the industry by remote, multi-national companies with headquarters..thousands of miles away. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1831
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