rampartn.

Brit.

/ˈrampɑːt/, U.S.

/ˈræmˌpɑrt/

Forms: 1500s ramparde, 1500s ramparte, 1500s ramperd, 1500s–1600s rampard, 1500s– rampart, 1600s rampert; Scottish pre-1700 rampard, pre-1700 ramparde, pre-1700 ramperd, pre-1700 rampert, pre-1700 1700s– rampart.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French rempard, rampart, rempart.

Etymology: < Middle French rempard, Middle French, French rempart, †rampart defensive earthen wall (frequently with a stone parapet) encircling a town (1370; compare Middle French, French remparement fortification (1348 in an apparently isolated attestation, subsequently from second half of the 16th cent.)), (figurative) protection (first half of the 16th cent. or earlier) < ramparer , remparer rampire v., with (in French purely graphic) final -t as a result of association with boulevart boulevard n. Compare earlier rampire n.In forms in -ard, -arde perhaps associated with -ard suffix.

a. Fortification. A defensive wall or mound of earth, with a broad top and usually a stone parapet; a walkway along the top of such a structure.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun]

wallc900

banka1387

aggera1398

trench1445

braye1512

mantle-walla1522

werewalla1525

rampire1548

rampart1550

mound1558

mount1558

argin1589

vallie1602

earthwork1633

circumvallation1645

vallation1664

subtrench1669

epaulement1687

enceinte1708

ring1780

vallum1803

main-work1833

1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War ii. i. f. xlvii They tourned theyr charettes ouerthwart the stretes, for to serue them for rampartes.

1560 Bible (Geneva) Ezek. xvii. 17 Thei haue cast vp mounts, and buylded ramparts to destroy many persones.

1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. v. 134 The Rampard betweene the two townes was covered with blood.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 678 To trench a Field, Or cast a Rampart .

1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 91 The camps united to each other by a rampart.

1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. xii. 367 The fort of Sparendam, the rampart of which stood on the dyke along which the troops must pass.

1847 Amer. Whig Rev. Mar. 533/1 Their heavy guns, which bristled in fearful rows along the ramparts.

1880 ‘Ouida’ Moths II. xvii. 235 It was rather a rampart than a terrace, and the waves beat and fretted the wall below.

1932 J. Masefield Coll. Poems 424 The sentry on the rampart saw the distance dying In the smoke of distance blue and far.

1990 P. P. Read On Third Day xv. 165 They..walked towards the Temple Mount to watch its honey-coloured ramparts turn pink from the light of the setting sun.

b. In extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > defender > [noun]

werea1325

defenderc1325

forfightera1382

defensorc1390

fendera1400

man of fencec1425

defendantc1475

rampire?1549

rampart1567

defensive1634

hyperaspist1638

1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xxviii. 605 Thys..Ladie..resisting two mighty barons, that canoned the walles and well mured rampart of hir pudicitie.

1574 G. Gascoigne Ferdinando Ieronomi & Leonora de Valasco (1575) 9 Matters whiche..might both haue offended you, and giuen great batterie to the ramparts of my poore credite.

1611 Bible (King James) Nahum iii. 8 That had the waters round about it, whose rampart was the sea.

a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 185 As the Laws are the Rampart of Mens Estates, Justice is the Rampart of the Law.

1700 S. Wesley Epist. to Friend conc. Poetry 24 Bold Blasphemy shall lead our black Forlorn, With Colours from Heav'n's Crystal Ramparts torn.

1720 D. Manley Power of Love iii. 175 He kept his Court in the City of Valentia; which was then the chief and only Rampart of that Part of Spain.

1834 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 416 The valley..is enclosed by a rampart of the highest mountains in Europe.

1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland viii. 187 Louis XIV...could not prevail against the impenetrable rampart of conscience.

1928 Amer. Mercury Oct. 158/1 They crash through the thickest ramparts of politeness, and set off lovely sky-rockets.

1957 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples III. vii. iii. 30 Instead of being the rampart of Holland, it had become the sally-port of France.

1989 Times Lit. Suppl. 19 May 557/1 The cohorts of university musicologists building ramparts of data round citadel Bach.

2. Canadian regional (western). A steep rocky bank of a river gorge; the gorge itself. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bank > [noun] > of river > steep

rampart1851

1851 R. Campbell Jrnl. in Two Jrnls. (1958) (retyped from MS, Vancouver Publ. Libr.) 112 Yesterday and today we have been passing through what they call the ramparts—rocks and steep banks along the river.

1852 G. Catlin Adven. Ojibbeway & Ioway Indians 282 View on the Upper Missouri—Magnificent Clay Bluffs..; stupendous domes and ramparts.

1921 W. A. Fraser Red Meekins i. iii. 32 Cast high on a rampart by a thrust of the waters lay the stern half of their canoe.

1940 Beaver June 29/1 After forty miles more came to the ramparts, a large canyon or gorge where for seven miles the river flows between perpendicular cliffs of limestone from one hundred to two hundred feet high. The channel is very deep here—three hundred feet in places.

1973 D. Andersen Ways Harsh & Wild i. 48 Here in the upper ramparts there were steep cliffs and mountains rising on each side of the river.

2004 Montreal Gaz. (Electronic ed.) 3 July My first stop was..at the Mackenzie River Ferry Crossing near the small village of Arctic Red River, perched on a rampart above the Mackenzie.

Compounds

General attributive, as rampart-base, rampart communication, rampart gun, rampart-height, rampart-line, rampart-walk, rampart-wall, etc.

ΚΠ

1707 Glossographia Anglicana Nova Scarp, the Foot of the Rampart Wall.

1799 T. Campbell Pleasures of Hope & Other Poems 29 On the rampart-heights, array'd His trusty warriors, few, but undismay'd.

1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1836) VI. 11 To fill up the rampart in the bastions, and to make a good rampart communication from both.

1852 Ld. Tennyson Ode Wellington 105 The vast designs Of his labour'd rampart-lines.

1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. vi. 199 The rampart walk, unbroken except by descents and ascents at the gates.

1915 G. Frankau Tid'apa v. 25 Green-dark to the rampart-bases, save where, like a wild beast's eye One red light glowered and glimmered in the shadow-tracery, stretched jungle.

1923 R. G. Collingwood Roman Brit. ii. 30 Along the top [of Hadrian's wall] was a rampart-walk, patrolled by the sentries, and reached by stairs either at a fort, a milecastle, or a turret.

1989 Miller's Collectables Price Guide 1989–90 263/2 An Indian rampart gun, with two-stage 44in..iron barrel.

2006 Times (Nexis) 22 Apr. 14 The Custodian's House..is within the rampart walls of the castle.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

rampartv.

Brit.

/ˈrampɑːt/, U.S.

/ˈræmˌpɑrt/

Forms: 1500s rampard, 1600s– rampart.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rampart n.

Etymology: < rampart n. Compare earlier rampire v. With ramparted adj. compare French remparé (16th cent. in Middle French).Early instances could alternatively be interpreted as showing an adjective formation < rampart n. + -ed suffix².

transitive. To fortify or surround with a rampart. Also in extended use. Chiefly in past participle.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > protect or surround with rampart [verb (transitive)]

rampire1550

berampier1582

rampart1585

mound1600

circumvall1623

circumvallate1823

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. x. f. 44 The castle..ramparded [Fr. remparé] & ditched.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xv. 639/1 A Field well trenched, and ramparted with strong Gates.

1796 S. T. Coleridge Ode Departing Year 14 Those glitt'ring Dells Proudly ramparted with rocks.

1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Mar. 284/2 I stood ramparted about with so many healthy friends.

1882 G. MacDonald Castle Warlock I. i. 9 The hills that ramparted the horizon.

1949 H. J. Massingham Eng. Downland i. 13 As the chalk scarp ramparts the plain, so the camp its crest.

1991 Harper's Mag. Sept. 55/2 McClellanville's houses were still shells, the town's streets ramparted with sickeningly tall mounds of rubble.

Derivatives

ˈramparted adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [adjective]

rampired1582

mounded1694

ramparted1795

rathed1861

1795 R. Dodd Rep. 1st Pt. Line Inland Navigation from E. to W. Sea 16 The very many deep dells..which must..be crossed by..ramparted embankments.

1850 R. Browning Christmas-eve iv. 12 The ramparted cloud-prison,..built up in the west.

1936 J. C. Powys Maiden Castle (1937) viii. 322 The well-known Roman Temple..in the centre of the ramparted hill.

1980 P. D. James Innocent Blood (1989) i. ii. 18 The front bay windows were square and turreted, a long vista of ramparted respectability.

ˈramparting adj. rare.

ΚΠ

1881 F. T. Palgrave Visions of Eng. 250 The ramparting rocks their darkness uprear.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	rampart
释义	rampartn. Brit. /ˈrampɑːt/, U.S. /ˈræmˌpɑrt/ Forms: 1500s ramparde, 1500s ramparte, 1500s ramperd, 1500s–1600s rampard, 1500s– rampart, 1600s rampert; Scottish pre-1700 rampard, pre-1700 ramparde, pre-1700 ramperd, pre-1700 rampert, pre-1700 1700s– rampart. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French rempard, rampart, rempart. Etymology: < Middle French rempard, Middle French, French rempart, †rampart defensive earthen wall (frequently with a stone parapet) encircling a town (1370; compare Middle French, French remparement fortification (1348 in an apparently isolated attestation, subsequently from second half of the 16th cent.)), (figurative) protection (first half of the 16th cent. or earlier) < ramparer , remparer rampire v., with (in French purely graphic) final -t as a result of association with boulevart boulevard n. Compare earlier rampire n.In forms in -ard, -arde perhaps associated with -ard suffix. 1. a. Fortification. A defensive wall or mound of earth, with a broad top and usually a stone parapet; a walkway along the top of such a structure. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] wallc900 banka1387 aggera1398 trench1445 braye1512 mantle-walla1522 werewalla1525 rampire1548 rampart1550 mound1558 mount1558 argin1589 vallie1602 earthwork1633 circumvallation1645 vallation1664 subtrench1669 epaulement1687 enceinte1708 ring1780 vallum1803 main-work1833 1550 T. Nicolls tr. Thucydides Hist. Peloponnesian War ii. i. f. xlvii They tourned theyr charettes ouerthwart the stretes, for to serue them for rampartes. 1560 Bible (Geneva) Ezek. xvii. 17 Thei haue cast vp mounts, and buylded ramparts to destroy many persones. 1641 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. F. Biondi Hist. Civil Warres Eng. I. v. 134 The Rampard betweene the two townes was covered with blood. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 678 To trench a Field, Or cast a Rampart . View more context for this quotation 1774 T. Pennant Tour Scotl. 1772 91 The camps united to each other by a rampart. 1777 R. Watson Hist. Reign Philip II I. xii. 367 The fort of Sparendam, the rampart of which stood on the dyke along which the troops must pass. 1847 Amer. Whig Rev. Mar. 533/1 Their heavy guns, which bristled in fearful rows along the ramparts. 1880 ‘Ouida’ Moths II. xvii. 235 It was rather a rampart than a terrace, and the waves beat and fretted the wall below. 1932 J. Masefield Coll. Poems 424 The sentry on the rampart saw the distance dying In the smoke of distance blue and far. 1990 P. P. Read On Third Day xv. 165 They..walked towards the Temple Mount to watch its honey-coloured ramparts turn pink from the light of the setting sun. b. In extended use. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > defender > [noun] werea1325 defenderc1325 forfightera1382 defensorc1390 fendera1400 man of fencec1425 defendantc1475 rampire?1549 rampart1567 defensive1634 hyperaspist1638 1567 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure II. xxviii. 605 Thys..Ladie..resisting two mighty barons, that canoned the walles and well mured rampart of hir pudicitie. 1574 G. Gascoigne Ferdinando Ieronomi & Leonora de Valasco (1575) 9 Matters whiche..might both haue offended you, and giuen great batterie to the ramparts of my poore credite. 1611 Bible (King James) Nahum iii. 8 That had the waters round about it, whose rampart was the sea. View more context for this quotation a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 185 As the Laws are the Rampart of Mens Estates, Justice is the Rampart of the Law. 1700 S. Wesley Epist. to Friend conc. Poetry 24 Bold Blasphemy shall lead our black Forlorn, With Colours from Heav'n's Crystal Ramparts torn. 1720 D. Manley Power of Love iii. 175 He kept his Court in the City of Valentia; which was then the chief and only Rampart of that Part of Spain. 1834 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 416 The valley..is enclosed by a rampart of the highest mountains in Europe. 1867 S. Smiles Huguenots Eng. & Ireland viii. 187 Louis XIV...could not prevail against the impenetrable rampart of conscience. 1928 Amer. Mercury Oct. 158/1 They crash through the thickest ramparts of politeness, and set off lovely sky-rockets. 1957 W. S. Churchill Hist. Eng.-speaking Peoples III. vii. iii. 30 Instead of being the rampart of Holland, it had become the sally-port of France. 1989 Times Lit. Suppl. 19 May 557/1 The cohorts of university musicologists building ramparts of data round citadel Bach. 2. Canadian regional (western). A steep rocky bank of a river gorge; the gorge itself. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > bank > [noun] > of river > steep rampart1851 1851 R. Campbell Jrnl. in Two Jrnls. (1958) (retyped from MS, Vancouver Publ. Libr.) 112 Yesterday and today we have been passing through what they call the ramparts—rocks and steep banks along the river. 1852 G. Catlin Adven. Ojibbeway & Ioway Indians 282 View on the Upper Missouri—Magnificent Clay Bluffs..; stupendous domes and ramparts. 1921 W. A. Fraser Red Meekins i. iii. 32 Cast high on a rampart by a thrust of the waters lay the stern half of their canoe. 1940 Beaver June 29/1 After forty miles more came to the ramparts, a large canyon or gorge where for seven miles the river flows between perpendicular cliffs of limestone from one hundred to two hundred feet high. The channel is very deep here—three hundred feet in places. 1973 D. Andersen Ways Harsh & Wild i. 48 Here in the upper ramparts there were steep cliffs and mountains rising on each side of the river. 2004 Montreal Gaz. (Electronic ed.) 3 July My first stop was..at the Mackenzie River Ferry Crossing near the small village of Arctic Red River, perched on a rampart above the Mackenzie. Compounds General attributive, as rampart-base, rampart communication, rampart gun, rampart-height, rampart-line, rampart-walk, rampart-wall, etc. ΚΠ 1707 Glossographia Anglicana Nova Scarp, the Foot of the Rampart Wall. 1799 T. Campbell Pleasures of Hope & Other Poems 29 On the rampart-heights, array'd His trusty warriors, few, but undismay'd. 1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1836) VI. 11 To fill up the rampart in the bastions, and to make a good rampart communication from both. 1852 Ld. Tennyson Ode Wellington 105 The vast designs Of his labour'd rampart-lines. 1886 J. Ruskin Præterita II. vi. 199 The rampart walk, unbroken except by descents and ascents at the gates. 1915 G. Frankau Tid'apa v. 25 Green-dark to the rampart-bases, save where, like a wild beast's eye One red light glowered and glimmered in the shadow-tracery, stretched jungle. 1923 R. G. Collingwood Roman Brit. ii. 30 Along the top [of Hadrian's wall] was a rampart-walk, patrolled by the sentries, and reached by stairs either at a fort, a milecastle, or a turret. 1989 Miller's Collectables Price Guide 1989–90 263/2 An Indian rampart gun, with two-stage 44in..iron barrel. 2006 Times (Nexis) 22 Apr. 14 The Custodian's House..is within the rampart walls of the castle. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). rampartv. Brit. /ˈrampɑːt/, U.S. /ˈræmˌpɑrt/ Forms: 1500s rampard, 1600s– rampart. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: rampart n. Etymology: < rampart n. Compare earlier rampire v. With ramparted adj. compare French remparé (16th cent. in Middle French).Early instances could alternatively be interpreted as showing an adjective formation < rampart n. + -ed suffix². transitive. To fortify or surround with a rampart. Also in extended use. Chiefly in past participle. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > protect or surround with rampart [verb (transitive)] rampire1550 berampier1582 rampart1585 mound1600 circumvall1623 circumvallate1823 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie ii. x. f. 44 The castle..ramparded [Fr. remparé] & ditched. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xv. 639/1 A Field well trenched, and ramparted with strong Gates. 1796 S. T. Coleridge Ode Departing Year 14 Those glitt'ring Dells Proudly ramparted with rocks. 1822 C. Lamb in London Mag. Mar. 284/2 I stood ramparted about with so many healthy friends. 1882 G. MacDonald Castle Warlock I. i. 9 The hills that ramparted the horizon. 1949 H. J. Massingham Eng. Downland i. 13 As the chalk scarp ramparts the plain, so the camp its crest. 1991 Harper's Mag. Sept. 55/2 McClellanville's houses were still shells, the town's streets ramparted with sickeningly tall mounds of rubble. Derivatives ˈramparted adj. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [adjective] rampired1582 mounded1694 ramparted1795 rathed1861 1795 R. Dodd Rep. 1st Pt. Line Inland Navigation from E. to W. Sea 16 The very many deep dells..which must..be crossed by..ramparted embankments. 1850 R. Browning Christmas-eve iv. 12 The ramparted cloud-prison,..built up in the west. 1936 J. C. Powys Maiden Castle (1937) viii. 322 The well-known Roman Temple..in the centre of the ramparted hill. 1980 P. D. James Innocent Blood (1989) i. ii. 18 The front bay windows were square and turreted, a long vista of ramparted respectability. ˈramparting adj. rare. ΚΠ 1881 F. T. Palgrave Visions of Eng. 250 The ramparting rocks their darkness uprear. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1550v.1585
随便看	pretended pretendedly pretendence pretender pretenderism pretenders pretendership pretendest pretending pretendingly pretendingness pretendment pretendress pretends pretensary pretense pretenses pretension pretensional pretensioned pretensioner pretensioners pretensioning pretensionless pretensions