reading machinen.

Brit.

/ˈriːdɪŋ məˌʃiːn/, U.S.

/ˈridɪŋ məˌʃin/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: reading n.¹, machine n.

Etymology: < reading n.¹ + machine n.

†1. A person who merely reads or who reads mechanically, without conscious thought. Also: a person who is exceptionally skilled in reading or who does much reading. Cf. machine n. 8b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > reading > reader > [noun] > one devoted to reading

bookworm1580

helluo librorum1635

paper worm1646

reading machine1809

bibliophagist1881

society > communication > reading > reader > [noun] > other types of reader

running reader1588

stall-reader1673

wall-observer1673

reading machine1809

readeress1830

lay reader1883

1809 R. L. Edgeworth Ess. Professional Educ. i. 41 This apparent expedition and facility will not really improve the pupils: they will only be arithmetical and reading machines.

1827 Westm. Rev. 8 331 The whole service being cast into a set and rigid form, and the minister reduced into a reading-machine.

1838 W. Burton District School xi. 59 The most extraordinary spelling, and indeed reading machine in our school was a boy whom I shall call Memorus Wordwell.

1852 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 115 Plying his goose-quill..without a single pause or stop, save when his reading-machine, that pale-faced boy.., relents for a moment for want of breath.

1890 J. R. Lowell Writings III. 22 He bolted alike both his commons and knowledge; A reading-machine, always wound up and going.

2. An apparatus to aid in the teaching of reading or used in its teaching. Also in extended use. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1839 A. D. Bache Rep. Educ. in Europe iv. 212 This reading machine admits of a great variety of exercises in the mechanical arrangements concerned, in which the pupil takes part, such as composing simple words and sentences.

1859 H. Barnard Pestalozzi & Pestalozzianism i. 209 He invented a useful alphabetical and reading machine.

1922 S. E. Davis Technique of Teaching iii. 147 ‘Reading machines’ and mechanical contrivances of various kinds are still manufactured in some European countries.

1926 Peabody Jrnl. Educ. 3 228 The pupil is only half of the reading machine; the teacher is the other half.

1997 Jrnl. College Reading & Learning (Nexis) 22 Mar. 79 We delivered most of the classroom instruction via lectures and reading machines... The reading machines, in fact, were called controlled readers. The class began with a test to identify deficiencies, it prescribed material to remediate them, it quantified gains in speed and comprehension, and it made them visible on graphs.

†a. A device for converting a weaving pattern into a pattern of holes in punched card or tape for use in a Jacquard loom. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1849 Mechanics' Mag. 10 Feb. 139/2 The said invention consists of a reading machine for determining the exact position in which holes are to be perforated on some fabric or material.

1897 Sketch 26 May 181/2 The pattern being read from the draft by the reading-machine on to the Jacquard band or tape by the skilled designer or pantagrapher.

b. A machine that reads; a device for extracting stored information and converting it into a usable form; esp. a device for optically scanning text and producing corresponding electric signals, allowing electronic storage or reproduction of the text, output by speech synthesis, etc. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > reading > reader > [noun] > reading machine

reading machine1881

1881 Princeton Rev. Nov. 352 When the materialist views the brain as a thinking machine, he always tacitly assumes himself as a reading machine which reads off the result.

1930 Publishers' Weekly 3 May 2353 What I want is a simple reading machine..compact, miniature, operating by electricity, the printing done microscopically by the new photographic composing process.

1965 R. R. Karch Graphic Arts Procedures (ed. 3) xiii. 338 Specially-designed figures printed at the bottoms of bank checks are printed with ink capable of being magnetized and read by electronic reading machines for routing the checks to proper places.

2001 J. J. R. F. da Silva & R. J. P. Williams Biol. Chem. Elements (ed. 2) ii. 79 In addition to a reading frame there have to be attachment points on the DNA for the ‘reading machine’, the enzyme RNA polymerase.

2007 Optics Communications 279 123/1 The security codes are verifiable in ambient daylight conditions without requiring any expensive reading machine.

4. A device for producing a magnified, readable image of small text such as microform. Cf. reader n. 7. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > magnification or magnifying instruments > [noun] > microfilm viewer > microfilm or microform reader

reading machine1922

microfilm reader1936

reader1936

microreader1949

1922 N.Y. Times 5 Mar. vii. 5/1 His newest device is called the Fiske Reading Machine.

1928 Mod. Philol. 25 507 Each page is reduced to the size of a postage stamp. Along with it comes one of Admiral Fiske's reading machines.

1940 A. Huxley Let. 14 Oct. (1969) 461 I would like to have..micro-photographs suitable for reading by means of a reading machine.

1959 Library Resources & Technical Services III. 90 The average library user does not meet the microcopy until he has to use it on the reading machine.

1980 J. Drummond Such a Nice Family viii. 38 Would you like us to fix up a reading-machine for you?.. It'll throw up an enlargement of the text.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reading machine
释义	reading machinen. Brit. /ˈriːdɪŋ məˌʃiːn/, U.S. /ˈridɪŋ məˌʃin/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: reading n.¹, machine n. Etymology: < reading n.¹ + machine n. †1. A person who merely reads or who reads mechanically, without conscious thought. Also: a person who is exceptionally skilled in reading or who does much reading. Cf. machine n. 8b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > reading > reader > [noun] > one devoted to reading bookworm1580 helluo librorum1635 paper worm1646 reading machine1809 bibliophagist1881 society > communication > reading > reader > [noun] > other types of reader running reader1588 stall-reader1673 wall-observer1673 reading machine1809 readeress1830 lay reader1883 1809 R. L. Edgeworth Ess. Professional Educ. i. 41 This apparent expedition and facility will not really improve the pupils: they will only be arithmetical and reading machines. 1827 Westm. Rev. 8 331 The whole service being cast into a set and rigid form, and the minister reduced into a reading-machine. 1838 W. Burton District School xi. 59 The most extraordinary spelling, and indeed reading machine in our school was a boy whom I shall call Memorus Wordwell. 1852 Tait's Edinb. Mag. Feb. 115 Plying his goose-quill..without a single pause or stop, save when his reading-machine, that pale-faced boy.., relents for a moment for want of breath. 1890 J. R. Lowell Writings III. 22 He bolted alike both his commons and knowledge; A reading-machine, always wound up and going. 2. An apparatus to aid in the teaching of reading or used in its teaching. Also in extended use. Now rare. ΚΠ 1839 A. D. Bache Rep. Educ. in Europe iv. 212 This reading machine admits of a great variety of exercises in the mechanical arrangements concerned, in which the pupil takes part, such as composing simple words and sentences. 1859 H. Barnard Pestalozzi & Pestalozzianism i. 209 He invented a useful alphabetical and reading machine. 1922 S. E. Davis Technique of Teaching iii. 147 ‘Reading machines’ and mechanical contrivances of various kinds are still manufactured in some European countries. 1926 Peabody Jrnl. Educ. 3 228 The pupil is only half of the reading machine; the teacher is the other half. 1997 Jrnl. College Reading & Learning (Nexis) 22 Mar. 79 We delivered most of the classroom instruction via lectures and reading machines... The reading machines, in fact, were called controlled readers. The class began with a test to identify deficiencies, it prescribed material to remediate them, it quantified gains in speed and comprehension, and it made them visible on graphs. 3. †a. A device for converting a weaving pattern into a pattern of holes in punched card or tape for use in a Jacquard loom. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1849 Mechanics' Mag. 10 Feb. 139/2 The said invention consists of a reading machine for determining the exact position in which holes are to be perforated on some fabric or material. 1897 Sketch 26 May 181/2 The pattern being read from the draft by the reading-machine on to the Jacquard band or tape by the skilled designer or pantagrapher. b. A machine that reads; a device for extracting stored information and converting it into a usable form; esp. a device for optically scanning text and producing corresponding electric signals, allowing electronic storage or reproduction of the text, output by speech synthesis, etc. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > communication > reading > reader > [noun] > reading machine reading machine1881 1881 Princeton Rev. Nov. 352 When the materialist views the brain as a thinking machine, he always tacitly assumes himself as a reading machine which reads off the result. 1930 Publishers' Weekly 3 May 2353 What I want is a simple reading machine..compact, miniature, operating by electricity, the printing done microscopically by the new photographic composing process. 1965 R. R. Karch Graphic Arts Procedures (ed. 3) xiii. 338 Specially-designed figures printed at the bottoms of bank checks are printed with ink capable of being magnetized and read by electronic reading machines for routing the checks to proper places. 2001 J. J. R. F. da Silva & R. J. P. Williams Biol. Chem. Elements (ed. 2) ii. 79 In addition to a reading frame there have to be attachment points on the DNA for the ‘reading machine’, the enzyme RNA polymerase. 2007 Optics Communications 279 123/1 The security codes are verifiable in ambient daylight conditions without requiring any expensive reading machine. 4. A device for producing a magnified, readable image of small text such as microform. Cf. reader n. 7. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > magnification or magnifying instruments > [noun] > microfilm viewer > microfilm or microform reader reading machine1922 microfilm reader1936 reader1936 microreader1949 1922 N.Y. Times 5 Mar. vii. 5/1 His newest device is called the Fiske Reading Machine. 1928 Mod. Philol. 25 507 Each page is reduced to the size of a postage stamp. Along with it comes one of Admiral Fiske's reading machines. 1940 A. Huxley Let. 14 Oct. (1969) 461 I would like to have..micro-photographs suitable for reading by means of a reading machine. 1959 Library Resources & Technical Services III. 90 The average library user does not meet the microcopy until he has to use it on the reading machine. 1980 J. Drummond Such a Nice Family viii. 38 Would you like us to fix up a reading-machine for you?.. It'll throw up an enlargement of the text. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1809
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