recalcitratev.

Brit.

/rɪˈkalsɪtreɪt/, U.S.

/rɪˈkælsɪtreɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin recalcitrāt-, recalcitrāre.

Etymology: < classical Latin recalcitrāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of recalcitrāre to kick out (Horace), to be refractory (Vetus Latina, Vulgate) < re- re- prefix + calcitrāre calcitrate v.

a. intransitive. Originally: to kick out, to kick backwards. Later in extended use: to show vigorous opposition or resistance; to be obstinately disobedient or refractory.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > strike with specific thing [verb (intransitive)] > with the foot > kick

spurnc1000

regibbe?c1225

potea1350

kickc1386

rependc1440

spur1590

recalcitrate1611

calcitrate1623

funkc1707

root1890

scissor-kick1921

1611 W. Vaughan Spirit of Detraction vii. iv. 311 If an Asse or Colt kicke thee, wilt thou recalcitrate and spurne him againe?

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Recalcitrate, to kicke with the heele.

1713 C. Place Heretical Char. viii. 255 'Tis reckon'd a sure Sign of Obstinacy, when Men are impatient of Reprehension;..when they recalcitrate when touched.

1799 T. Swift Hear Him! 49 The great danger is..that the animal, like the poet's horse undique tutus, will recalcitrate.

1852 W. Wickenden Hunchback's Chest 258 Another was recalcitrating like a kicking horse.

1852 Dublin Univ. Mag. Sept. 358/2 They heard, and recalcitrated, and showed something so like mettle, as to give meaning and emphasis to his words.

1906 Portsmouth (New Hampsh.) Herald 5 Feb. They never recalcitrate when they are accused of dishonesty, lack of moral principle, tenderness to crime, and other odious things.

1981 Jrnl. Philos. 78 94 One might dig in one's heels—recalcitrate, in a word—and accept this démarche as a lesson rather in the scope and limits of the notion of linguistic convention.

1998 Africa News (Nexis) 19 Mar. He should keep his ears wide open and never recalcitrate in both decision-making and action.

b. intransitive. With against or at.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > be unsubmissive [verb (intransitive)] > be intractable or recalcitrant

to wince against the prickc1290

kicka1425

rejouncea1644

recalcitrate1647

to ride rusty1709

bolsh1921

non-cooperate1921

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > resist

withstandc950

to make debatea1375

repugna1382

resista1547

reluct1547

reluctate1640

recalcitrate1647

renite1647

to fight back1890

1647 J. Abbot Devout Rhapsodies i. i. 6 First do's the Synagogue recalcitrate Against this Progresse with intestine hate.

1767 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IX. xxxiii. 140 Why then did the delicacy of Diogenes and Plato so recalcitrate against it?

1824 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 15 563 Many good fellows..have recalcitrated against every proposal.

1852 W. S. Landor Wks. (1876) II. 126 Those who..recalcitrate at their caresses, they threaten with Tartarus.

1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Personal Relig. I. i. iv. 53 Slothfulness always recalcitrates against an effort of mind.

1907 Manitoba (Winnipeg) Morning Free Press 13 Apr. 27/3 Most of the men who recalcitrate against style are men for whom style is out of the question.

1995 J. H. Lamb Rhetoric of Suffering ii. 32 He recalcitrates against the role of the good exemplar.

†2. transitive. To kick, to kick against (something). Chiefly figurative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > by impact or force > by or as by a kick > back

recalcitrate1832

1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus xlii. 488 No wife recalcitrates the government of her husband whom she is presumed to have chosen and voluntarily to have pledged her faith to.

1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 32 745 When this man..was stopping the rock with his feet, to recalcitrate it upon the enemy.

1840 T. De Quincey Sketches Life & Manners in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 38/2 The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and recalcitrate his kicks.

Derivatives

reˈcalcitrating adj. and n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > [adjective] > intractable or recalcitrant

unbuxoma1250

unbowsomec1290

sturdy13..

wildc1350

stubbornc1386

unbaina1400

stoutc1410

kimeta1450

staffish?a1513

untractable1538

intractable1545

sullen1577

restiff1578

indocile1603

resty1603

hot-mouthed1609

immorigerous1623

intractive1623

uncompliable1626

restivea1628

non-complying1649

uncompliant1659

incompliant1706

unobliging1707

recalcitrant1797

unbiddable1825

stocky1836

recalcitrary1861

calcitrant1866

non-cooperative1867

recalcitrating1870

ropeable1870

non-cooperating1895

bolshie1918

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] > resisting

rebel1340

resisting?a1425

repugnantc1443

rebela1450

resistentc1450

obstant1486

resistanta1513

reluctant1604

renitent1604

resistive1605

resistful1614

outstandingc1650

withstanding1711

unamenable1771

recalcitrating1870

1719 J. Anderson Serm. Trone Church 5 Just as when a recalcitrating Horse..strikes back upon a pointed Instrument, he hurts indeed his own Hoof, but nothing else.

1828 Times 12 Dec. 4/2 The Junior Fellows submitted of course; but the scholars gave signs of recalcitrating, and openly asserted their right to be consulted.

1870 J. H. Newman Ess. Gram. Assent i. v. 129 Seeming to force, and to exult in forcing, a mystery upon recalcitrating minds.

1908 H. C. Lea Inquisition Spanish Dependencies vii. 325 Archbishop Loaiza showed a recalcitrating temper.

1922 A. V. Adams Amouretta Landscape 182 What do you mean by such—recalcitrating?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	recalcitrate
释义	recalcitratev. Brit. /rɪˈkalsɪtreɪt/, U.S. /rɪˈkælsɪtreɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin recalcitrāt-, recalcitrāre. Etymology: < classical Latin recalcitrāt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix³) of recalcitrāre to kick out (Horace), to be refractory (Vetus Latina, Vulgate) < re- re- prefix + calcitrāre calcitrate v. 1. a. intransitive. Originally: to kick out, to kick backwards. Later in extended use: to show vigorous opposition or resistance; to be obstinately disobedient or refractory. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific thing > strike with specific thing [verb (intransitive)] > with the foot > kick spurnc1000 regibbe?c1225 potea1350 kickc1386 rependc1440 spur1590 recalcitrate1611 calcitrate1623 funkc1707 root1890 scissor-kick1921 1611 W. Vaughan Spirit of Detraction vii. iv. 311 If an Asse or Colt kicke thee, wilt thou recalcitrate and spurne him againe? 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Recalcitrate, to kicke with the heele. 1713 C. Place Heretical Char. viii. 255 'Tis reckon'd a sure Sign of Obstinacy, when Men are impatient of Reprehension;..when they recalcitrate when touched. 1799 T. Swift Hear Him! 49 The great danger is..that the animal, like the poet's horse undique tutus, will recalcitrate. 1852 W. Wickenden Hunchback's Chest 258 Another was recalcitrating like a kicking horse. 1852 Dublin Univ. Mag. Sept. 358/2 They heard, and recalcitrated, and showed something so like mettle, as to give meaning and emphasis to his words. 1906 Portsmouth (New Hampsh.) Herald 5 Feb. They never recalcitrate when they are accused of dishonesty, lack of moral principle, tenderness to crime, and other odious things. 1981 Jrnl. Philos. 78 94 One might dig in one's heels—recalcitrate, in a word—and accept this démarche as a lesson rather in the scope and limits of the notion of linguistic convention. 1998 Africa News (Nexis) 19 Mar. He should keep his ears wide open and never recalcitrate in both decision-making and action. b. intransitive. With against or at. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > be unsubmissive [verb (intransitive)] > be intractable or recalcitrant to wince against the prickc1290 kicka1425 rejouncea1644 recalcitrate1647 to ride rusty1709 bolsh1921 non-cooperate1921 the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > resist withstandc950 to make debatea1375 repugna1382 resista1547 reluct1547 reluctate1640 recalcitrate1647 renite1647 to fight back1890 1647 J. Abbot Devout Rhapsodies i. i. 6 First do's the Synagogue recalcitrate Against this Progresse with intestine hate. 1767 L. Sterne Life Tristram Shandy IX. xxxiii. 140 Why then did the delicacy of Diogenes and Plato so recalcitrate against it? 1824 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 15 563 Many good fellows..have recalcitrated against every proposal. 1852 W. S. Landor Wks. (1876) II. 126 Those who..recalcitrate at their caresses, they threaten with Tartarus. 1862 E. M. Goulburn Thoughts Personal Relig. I. i. iv. 53 Slothfulness always recalcitrates against an effort of mind. 1907 Manitoba (Winnipeg) Morning Free Press 13 Apr. 27/3 Most of the men who recalcitrate against style are men for whom style is out of the question. 1995 J. H. Lamb Rhetoric of Suffering ii. 32 He recalcitrates against the role of the good exemplar. †2. transitive. To kick, to kick against (something). Chiefly figurative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > impel or drive [verb (transitive)] > by impact or force > by or as by a kick > back recalcitrate1832 1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus xlii. 488 No wife recalcitrates the government of her husband whom she is presumed to have chosen and voluntarily to have pledged her faith to. 1832 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 32 745 When this man..was stopping the rock with his feet, to recalcitrate it upon the enemy. 1840 T. De Quincey Sketches Life & Manners in Tait's Edinb. Mag. Jan. 38/2 The more heartily did one disdain his disdain, and recalcitrate his kicks. Derivatives reˈcalcitrating adj. and n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > [adjective] > intractable or recalcitrant unbuxoma1250 unbowsomec1290 sturdy13.. wildc1350 stubbornc1386 unbaina1400 stoutc1410 kimeta1450 staffish?a1513 untractable1538 intractable1545 sullen1577 restiff1578 indocile1603 resty1603 hot-mouthed1609 immorigerous1623 intractive1623 uncompliable1626 restivea1628 non-complying1649 uncompliant1659 incompliant1706 unobliging1707 recalcitrant1797 unbiddable1825 stocky1836 recalcitrary1861 calcitrant1866 non-cooperative1867 recalcitrating1870 ropeable1870 non-cooperating1895 bolshie1918 the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > [adjective] > resisting rebel1340 resisting?a1425 repugnantc1443 rebela1450 resistentc1450 obstant1486 resistanta1513 reluctant1604 renitent1604 resistive1605 resistful1614 outstandingc1650 withstanding1711 unamenable1771 recalcitrating1870 1719 J. Anderson Serm. Trone Church 5 Just as when a recalcitrating Horse..strikes back upon a pointed Instrument, he hurts indeed his own Hoof, but nothing else. 1828 Times 12 Dec. 4/2 The Junior Fellows submitted of course; but the scholars gave signs of recalcitrating, and openly asserted their right to be consulted. 1870 J. H. Newman Ess. Gram. Assent i. v. 129 Seeming to force, and to exult in forcing, a mystery upon recalcitrating minds. 1908 H. C. Lea Inquisition Spanish Dependencies vii. 325 Archbishop Loaiza showed a recalcitrating temper. 1922 A. V. Adams Amouretta Landscape 182 What do you mean by such—recalcitrating? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1611
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