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单词 refreshment
释义

refreshmentn.

Brit. /rᵻˈfrɛʃm(ə)nt/, U.S. /rəˈfrɛʃm(ə)nt/, /riˈfrɛʃm(ə)nt/
Forms: late Middle English (1500s in print of lost Middle English MS) refresshement, 1500s refreschement, 1500s refresshment (in print of lost Middle English MS), 1500s–1600s refreschment (Scottish), 1500s–1600s refreshement, 1500s– refreshment.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French; modelled on a French lexical item. Partly formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: French refreschement ; refresh v., -ment suffix.
Etymology: Partly < Anglo-Norman refresement, refresschement, refresshement, Anglo-Norman and Middle French refreschement, etc., supplies (1383 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), nourishment (a1389), encouragement (a1412 or earlier in Anglo-Norman), pleasant thing, comfort (1438; 13th cent. in an isolated attestation in Old French in this sense; also in Anglo-Norman in senses ‘action of cooling’ (1354 or earlier), ‘allocation’ (a1443 or earlier); < refrescher , etc. refresh v. + -ment -ment suffix), and partly < refresh v. + -ment suffix, partly after Middle French rafreschissement, etc. (French rafraîchissement) fact of being physically refreshed through food, drink, and rest (13th cent. in Old French), action of repairing, renovating (1373), (as plural) provisions of food, particularly those intended to give strength to an army (1387), provision of fresh supplies (a1393), action or an instance of refreshing the memory (1455), reminder (a1475), relief (from a duty) (1562), re-enactment of a law (1588), and partly after Middle French refreschissement, refraichissement, etc. (French †refreschissement, †refraichissement) action of refreshing a person or thing (1378 with reference to the re-enactment of a law), renovation (of a building, etc.) (early 16th cent.), provisions supplied to an army (16th cent.), fact of being physically refreshed through food, drink, and rest (1546), renewal (a1553), action of making fresher (a1561). Compare Old Occitan refrescamen, Catalan refrescament (14th cent.), Spanish refrescamiento (14th cent.), Portuguese refrescamento (1446), Italian rinfrescamento (14th cent.).
1. The action of refreshing a person or thing physically, by means of food, drink, rest, coolness, etc.; the fact of being refreshed in this way. Also: that which refreshes physically; means of restoring strength or vigour (cf. sense 4). Frequently in to take refreshment. quarters of refreshment: see quarter n. 16. place of refreshment: see place n.1 9b.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [noun]
heartingOE
coolingc1350
refreshinga1382
recreationa1393
easement?a1400
rehetinga1400
freshing1422
refrigery?a1425
refectionc1450
refreshmenta1470
refrigeration1502
corroborating1530
recreating1538
comfortation1543
repast1546
rousing?a1563
refocillation1570
refresh1592
inanimationa1631
recruita1643
irrigationa1660
quicking1661
invigoration1662
reinvigoration1663
recuperation1703
rally1826
recruiting1840
energizing1841
recreance1842
inspiriting1846
animation1855
recruitment1862
inspiritment1886
pepping up1916
the world > food and drink > food > providing or receiving food > [noun] > refreshment
recreationa1393
refectiona1398
refreshmenta1470
refetea1500
eleven o'clock1805
a1470 in T. Twiss Black Bk. Admiralty (1871) I. 461 (MED) That noman robbe no vitailler ne merchaunt..witailes or other merchandise for the refresshement of the oste.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) cxl. 209 This refresshement was not only in the men, but alle theyr horses were anon so stronge, so fresshe [etc.].
1544 P. Betham tr. J. di Porcia Preceptes Warre ii. sig. Kviiv By whyche meane forsothe, he shall carye away the maystry, whan hys enemies, & theyr horses weryed by longe trauayle, and fyght, can haue no refreshment.
1573 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xlii. 649 As the body... At certain tymes... Maun haue refreschement but delay.
1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia v. 182 Hee recouered about foure spoonefuls of raine water to his vnspeakeable refreshment.
1664 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders (new ed.) i. sig. b5 To invite all in-commers to take refreshment in his Palace.
a1701 H. Maundrell Journey Aleppo to Jerusalem (1703) 66 Having taken a little refreshment, we went to the Latin Convent.
1785 W. Cowper Task i. 390 The sedentary stretch their lazy length When custom bids, but no refreshment find.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xv. 138 May I offer you any refreshment?
1856 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. (ed. 3) I. iv. 142 The absence of its natural refreshment would powerfully affect the nervous system.
1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 125 All these establishments for shelter and refreshment early attracted the attention of governments.
1914 J. Joyce Dubliners I always feel easier in my mind when he's here... Julia, there's Miss Daly and Miss Power will take some refreshment.
1973 P. Campbell 35 Years on Job 204 Of all the times for refreshment in the home early morning tea, to the conservative minded, is the one that must run to inflexible rule.
2007 Sunday Herald 27 May (Sport section) 34/5 A nice cup of Bovril and a macaroon bar for her refreshment.
2. plural. Fresh supplies of personnel or provisions. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > supply > [noun] > that which is supplied > supplies > renewed
refreshments1481
1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) clxxiv. 258 To them cam newe ayde & grete refresshementes of men and vytaylle.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. xvii. 19 Fiue and twentie Muttons, and certain other refreshments.
1663 J. D. tr. H. de Péréfixe de Beaumont Hist. Henry IV ii. 127 The Captains that kept the Guards let daily great bands escape, and likewise took the boldness to send victuals and refreshments to their friends, and to their ancient hosts, and particularly to the Ladies.
1706 London Gaz. No. 4197/3 They had [taken] one within the Streights, laden with Refreshments.
1772–84 Cook's Voy. (1799) 31 Several of the chiefs came on board bringing with them hogs, and other refreshments.
1803 Ld. Nelson 6 Oct. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) V. 225 The Boats employed in bringing the necessary refreshments to the Garrison.
1848 New Gen. Biogr. Dict. V. 339/2 The viceroy also sent refreshments to the fleet, consisting of 100 oxen, 600 sheep, 70 hogsheads of wine, and 40 casks of brandy, besides fruits and vegetables of every description.
3. The action of refreshing a person mentally or spiritually; the fact of being refreshed in this way.
ΚΠ
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer ii. f. cccxlix Mercy and pytie..myght neuer ben shewed refresshement of helpe and of comforte.
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Rev. xxi. f. xxxv The eternal springynge floode of refreshment vnto saluacion.
1651 O. Cromwell Let. 24 Mar. in Writings & Speeches II. 400 With singleness of heart to His glory, and the refreshment of His people.
a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 248 All the Misery that is lodged in infinite Despair has comfort and refreshment answerable to it in infinite Hope.
1717 S. Sewall Diary 18 Nov. (1973) II. 868 Mr. Baxter came in and Pray'd with us to my great Refreshment.
1773 L. T. Nyberg tr. A. G. Spangenberg Life N. Lewis II. vi. 184 God be adored who spar'd thee here so long For the refreshment of his pilgrim-throng!
1813 J. Austen Pride & Prejudice I. xviii. 207 She danced next with an officer, and had the refreshment of talking of Wickham. View more context for this quotation
1873 J. G. Holland Arthur Bonnicastle viii I most devoutly trust we are going to have a season of refreshment.
1922 A. Jekyll Kitchen Ess. 60 Certain great moments of life can live on, safely stored in sub-conscious treasure houses, ready to be evoked at will for the refreshment of our spirits in hours of dearth or gloom.
1990 A. N. Wilson C. S. Lewis x. 120 The idea of school holidays being a mere Platonic shadow of our permanent refreshment in Paradise.
4.
a. A thing or an action which refreshes; a means of refreshment.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > sleeping and waking > refreshment or invigoration > [noun] > that which or one who refreshes or invigorates
spice?c1225
comfort1377
refresherc1450
refreshment1532
reviver1542
sauce1561
salt1579
refocillation1608
whettera1625
fillip1699
stimulant1728
stimulation1733
yeast1769
stimulus1791
inspiriter1821
stimulatory1821
refreshener1824
boost1825
bracer1826
young blood1830
freshener1838
invigoratorc1842
blow1849
tonic1849
elevation1850
stimulator1851
breather1876
pick-me-up1876
a shot in the arm1922
1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. ccclviii The great bounties & worthy refresshmentes that she..hath me rekened.
1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxix. 173 The small refreshments of such things as coole for a time.
1698 G. Stanhope tr. Thomas à Kempis Christian's Pattern i. xviii. 38 The inward Refreshments and unspeakable Consolations of the Blessed Spirit.
a1708 W. Beveridge Private Thoughts Relig. (1709) 247 To lie down still and quiet is a great Refreshment and Revivement to them.
1747 J. Wesley Char. Methodist 10 His Business and Refreshments, as well as his Prayers, all serve to this great End.
1825 J. M. Good Study Med. (ed. 2) IV. 460 The kneading-friction, or shampooing..which has of late become a fashionable refreshment in the watering-places of our own country.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men II. v. 68 Such matters were evidently a favourite refreshment of his spirit.
1947 W. S. Churchill Let. 24 Dec. in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) xxiv. 548 As I have often told you, I do not need rest, but change is a great refreshment.
1996 Washington Post (Nexis) 12 Feb. b1 The sign at Utopia! says: ‘A hot bath is a great refreshment after a day's work!’
b. spec. A light snack or drink. Chiefly in plural.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > [noun]
drencha800
drunka800
drinkc888
wetec897
liquor1340
beveragec1400
bever?1453
pitcher-meat1551
bum1570
pot1583
nin1611
sorbition1623
potablesa1625
potion1634
refreshment1639
potulent1656
sorbicle1657
pote1694
drinkable1708
potation1742
rinfresco1745
sup1782
bouvragea1815
potatory1834
the world > food and drink > food > meal > [noun] > light meal or snacks
nuncheonc1260
morsela1382
refection?a1439
mixtumc1490
bever1500
banquet1509
collation1525
snatch1570
beverage1577
a little something1577
anders-meat1598
four-hours1637
watering1637
refreshment1639
snap1642
luncheona1652
crib1652
prandicle1656
munchin1657
baita1661
unch1663
afternooning1678
whet1688
nacket1694
merenda1740
rinfresco1745
bagging?1746
snack1757
coffee1774
second breakfast1775
nummit1777
stay-stomach1800
damper1804
eleven o'clock1805
noonshine1808
by-bit1819
morning1819
four1823
four o'clock1825
lunch1829
stay-bit1833
picnic meal1839
elevens1849
Tommy1864
picnic tea1869
dinnerette1872
merienda1880
elevenses1887
light bite1887
soldier's supper1893
mug-up1902
tray1914
café complet1933
nosha1941
namkeen1942
snax1947
snackette1952
chaat1954
ploughman's lunch1957
munchie1959
playlunch1960
short-eat1962
lite bite1965
munchie1971
ploughman1975
aperitivo2002
1639 T. Lechford Note-bk. (1885) 113 You must..have some refreshments besides the ships provisions,..that is, some suger and fine ruske or bisket.
1665 G. Havers tr. P. della Valle Trav. E. India 109 A Present of Sugar Canes and other refreshments to eat.
1729 W. Law Serious Call ix. 128 To make their use of liquors a matter of conscience, and allow of no refreshments, but such as are consistent with the strictest rules of Christian sobriety?
1780 Act 21 Geo. III c. 49 §2 The common and usual Prices at which the like Refreshments are commonly sold.
1853 E. C. Gaskell Cranford xi. 208 Mrs. Forrester made some of the bread-jelly, for which she was so famous, to have ready as a refreshment.
1896 A. R. White Youth's Educator ix. 101 Refreshments should be abundant, but not rich.
1920 H. G. Wells Outl. Hist. xviii. 130/2 A stand-up buffet for light refreshments.
2002 P. Long Guide to Rural Wales iv. 132 Changing rooms, toilets and refreshments are all available at the centre.
5. The action or an instance of refreshing the memory.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > reminder, putting in mind > [noun]
remembrancea1393
refrication1583
rememoration1624
remembrancing1627
reminding1645
refreshment1680
remindal1774
1680 Tryal & Conviction T. Knox & J. Lane 23 Mr. Warcup. I must beg the favour of the Court, because my memory is bad, that I may refer to the Informations that were taken before me. Mr. Iust. Pemberton. You may look upon them for the refreshment of your memory.
1754 G. Smith Angler's Mag. Pref. I considered that the Angler's Memory sometimes wanted Refreshment, as to many necessary Things.
1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 23 The Doctor's memory needs refreshment.
1800 G. Wakefield tr. D. Chrysostom Sel. Ess. 70 Great utility must arise, in my opinion, from a frequent refreshment of the memory by the words of exhortation.
1873 J. Forster Life Dickens II. 320 Notwithstanding the refreshment of his memory by this letter.
1941 Times 8 Feb. 2/6 This edition is welcome as a refreshment of memory of the context in which quotations already familiar were originally set.
1975 Oral Hist. Rev. 3 12 They will..be more apt to remember the occasions and the circumstances, perhaps making proper note of them for the refreshment of future memory.
2000 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 10 July 12 Jill..seeks refreshment of memory regarding an old film from the '50s.

Compounds

C1.
refreshment bar n.
ΚΠ
1845 B. Braidley Memoir 149 My friend Mr. Schutt keeps a refreshment bar, during the three summer months.
1889 E. Dowson Let. 17 Mar. (1967) 50 I..searched through the Law Court refreshment bars.
2004 Herald Express (Torquay) (Nexis) 12 July 12 There will be something for everyone, with..a refreshment bar offering cold drinks as well as teas and coffees and lots of tempting cakes.
refreshment car n.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > railway wagon or carriage > carriage designed to carry passengers > dining car
dining car1838
refreshment car1851
restaurant car1870
dining carriage1879
dining coach1879
buffet-car1887
diner1889
luncheon-car1903
1851 Daily Sanduskian (Sandusky, Ohio) 21 Mar. 2/2 Refreshment cars and smoking rooms are expected to be attached to trains.
1886 Encycl. Brit. XX. 247/1 Refreshment cars are also attached to trains.
2006 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 21 July 20 There was no refreshment car, the only sustenance being bread and rough red wine available at some stations.
refreshment counter n.
ΚΠ
1848 Era 5 Mar. 11/2 The refreshment counters were thronged with thirsty souls.
1908 Busy Man's Mag. Jan. 89/2 The dance over, he took them to the refreshment counter for a cup of coffee and a sandwich.
1997 A. Roy God of Small Things (1998) iv. 98 They walked past the Refreshment Counter where the orangedrinks were waiting.
refreshment house n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > refreshment room or house
refreshment room1785
refreshment house1825
refreshment stall1834
juice-joint1927
watering hole1950
Trinkhalle1971
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating place > [noun] > eating-house or restaurant
eating-housec1440
feast house?c1475
victualling-house1541
cookshop1542
cookhouse1548
feasting house1563
treating-house1680
suttling-house1691
shop1695
chop shop1733
restaurateur1782
slap-bang shop1785
restorator1797
dinner house1803
restaurant1806
snack-house1820
grubbery1823
refreshment house1825
restauration1832
trattoria1832
slap-bang1836
ristorante1874
tavern-restaurant1880
foodery1892
eatery1901
taverna1914
chop-house1915
nosh1917
diner1924
noshery1952
ryotei1953
lokanta1954
Chinesery1956
relais routier1960
hotel1968
tratt1969
robata1975
fast foodery1979
Chinky1981
rodizio1981
taqueria1982
resto1988
paladar1994
1825 C. S. Cochrane Jrnl. Resid. & Trav. in Colombia I. iv. 192 At eleven o'clock we stopped to breakfast at one of the refreshment houses, or ventas.
1860 Act 23 Vict. c. 27 (title) An Act..for regulating the licensing of Refreshment Houses.
1993 Washington Times (Nexis) 13 June e1 This city of canals has several special types of refreshment houses that are unique.
refreshment room n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > refreshment room or house
refreshment room1785
refreshment house1825
refreshment stall1834
juice-joint1927
watering hole1950
Trinkhalle1971
the world > food and drink > food > consumption of food or drink > eating > eating place > [noun] > dining-room
parlourc1384
cenaclea1400
triclinec1440
dining room?1576
dining hall1598
eating-room1613
triclinium1646
supper rooma1661
coffee-room1712
breakfast-room1732
salle-à-manger1762
mess-room1774
refreshment room1785
breakfast-parlour1802
noon-hall1828
dinner room1853
Speisesaal1871
diner1907
dinette1920
breakfast-nook1931
brunch bar1940
1785 R. Hunter Jrnl. 20 Oct. in Quebec to Carolina (1943) (modernized text) 145 At ten we retired into a refreshment room where tea, coffee, and an elegant cold supper was prepared.
1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxvii. 263 The refreshment-room..was a room set apart for the purposes of supper.
2000 Leyland's Austral. Winter 61 (caption) The ruins of refreshment rooms still overlook the fountain and disused tennis courts.
refreshment saloon n.
ΚΠ
1822 Morning Chron. 14 Oct. 3/4 The refreshment saloon has been fitted up in the colour and style of the house.
1936 A. Russell Gone Nomad ii. 8 I..sauntered down the corridors to the refreshment saloon at the first suggestion of thirst.
refreshment stall n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > refreshment room or house
refreshment room1785
refreshment house1825
refreshment stall1834
juice-joint1927
watering hole1950
Trinkhalle1971
1834 Hampshire Tel. & Sussex Chron. 14 July 4/6 A Refreshment Stall will be provided, and a Band of Music will be in attendance.
1891 W. Morris News from Nowhere vii. 47 A pretty gay little structure of wood, painted and gilded that looked like a refreshment-stall.
1998 Evening Post (Nottingham) (Nexis) 25 June 13 There are refreshment stalls, a playbus and a bouncy castle to entertain the kids.
refreshment stand n.
ΚΠ
1835 Liverpool Mercury 30 Oct. 354/3 Refreshment stands.
1939 Florida: Guide to Southernmost State (Federal Writers' Project) iii. 303 Filling stations and refreshment stands remain open all night.
1998 N.Y. Times 14 Aug. b26/2 Samosas, Indian dumplings, are sold at the Eagle's refreshment stand alongside popcorn and nachos.
refreshment station n.
ΚΠ
1835 R. M. Martin Hist. Brit. Colonies IV. i. 155 Our colony at the Cape of Good Hope is not a mere refreshment station for a few Indiamen!
1860 C. Dickens Uncommerc. Traveller in All Year Round 24 Mar. 513/1 I travel by railroad... I am hungry when I arrive at the ‘Refreshment’ station where I am expected.
1990 Tribute Apr. 47 (advt.) The story of Cape brandy can be traced back to 1659 when the first wine was pressed, a mere seven years after Jan van Riebeeck had established his refreshment station on the shores of Table Bay.
refreshment stop n.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > [noun] > lodging-place > temporary > for travellers, pilgrims, etc. > resting-place on journey
baiting1477
baiting-placec1530
stage1603
post-stage1642
station1722
post station1749
station house1815
stopping-place1827
stage-stand1856
refreshment stop1880
pull-up1899
1880 N.Y. Times 10 July 8/4 It resulted in such great satisfaction and convenience to the travelers that it will be introduced wherever refreshment stops are made.
1977 C. McCullough Thorn Birds iii. 67 Our next refreshment stop is a place called Blayney.
2002 P. Long Guide to Rural Wales 395 (advt.) Information on refreshment stops, public facilities and transport.
refreshment table n.
ΚΠ
1813 Caledonian Mercury 10 Apr. 3/2 We were sorry to observe spirits used at the refreshment table.
1860 C. Dickens Uncommerc. Traveller in All Year Round 24 Mar. 514/2 You are going off by railway, from any Terminus... You present to your mind, a picture of the refreshment-table at that terminus.
1991 Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) (Nexis) 12 June c2 Refreshment tables followed the pink and blue color scheme with ribbons and napkins, pink punch and decorated cake for the guests.
refreshment tent n.
ΚΠ
1827 Times 25 June 7/2 About this hour some of the groups took possession of the refreshment-tents, thinking it high time to commence breakfast.
1928 E. Waugh Decline & Fall i. ix. 94 The refreshment tent looked very nice.
1990 Country Homes June 104/3 A refreshment tent..is doing a roaring trade in halves of scrumpy.
C2.
Refreshment Sunday n. [after post-classical Latin dominica refectionis (see Refection Sunday n. at refection n. Compounds 2)] Christian Church the fourth Sunday in Lent, also called Refection Sunday n. at refection n. Compounds 2. Cf. Sunday of Refreshment at Sunday n. and adv. Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > liturgical year > feast, festival > specific Christian festivals > mid-Lent > [noun] > Sunday in
Sunday of RefreshmentlOE
midlenten Sunday1389
mid-Lent Sundayc1425
Phagiphanyc1450
mid-fast Sunday1480
Mothering Sunday1783
Refreshment Sunday1825
Refection Sunday1852
Laetare1870
1825 W. Hone Every-day Bk. (1826) I. 359 Mid-Lent, or Mothering Sunday is..called Refreshment Sunday.
1841 R. T. Hampson Medii Ævi Kal. II. 94 Dominica Refectionis Refreshment Sunday, the fourth in Lent.
1895 Congregationalist (Boston, Mass.) 23 May 801/2 The Sunday before Palm Sunday brings us to our Mothering Sunday, also called Mid-Lent or Refreshment Sunday.
1912 Encycl. Relig. & Ethics V. 770/2 The fourth Sunday in Lent, when the Gospel for the day narrates the Feeding of the Five Thousand, has long been called Dominica Refectionis, or ‘Refreshment Sunday’.
1977 Church Times 1 Apr. 5/4 ‘The God of love my Shepherd is’ set in The English Hymnal for Refreshment Sunday.
2007 Church Times 13 July 14/2 My church..uses pink, or, as we know them, rose vestments on..Mothering Sunday, or, as it is sometimes known, Refreshment Sunday, in Lent.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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