reisn.

Brit.

/rʌɪs/, U.S.

/raɪs/

Forms: 1500s raiz, 1500s reyz, 1500s–1600s reiz, 1600s raise, 1600s rayse, 1600s 1800s– reis, 1600s–1700s reys, 1600s– rais, 1700s rice, 1800s räis, 1800s reïs, 1800s rei's.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Turkish. Probably also partly a borrowing from Arabic. Etymons: French raiz, reïs; Ottoman Turkish re'īs; Arabic ra'īs.

Etymology: < Middle French raiz, reys, reis, French reïs, raïs Turkish ship's captain (1540), Turkish official (1603) and its etymon Ottoman Turkish re'īs (Turkish reis ; now usually with reference to the captain of a small vessel) < Arabic ra'īs (also rā'is and (in colloquial pronunciation) rayyis ) chief, chieftain, leader, chairman, governor, president < ra's head (see ras n.¹). In recent use in sense 2 probably directly < Arabic ra'īs. With the earlier quots. in this sense compare also Persian raʿīs kind of government official, although this is not normally used to denote a village headman.

1. In Middle-Eastern contexts: the captain of a boat or ship. Also as a title preceding a proper name.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > captain or master

skipper1390

master shipmana1393

master mariner?a1400

shipmanc1405

shipmasterc1440

commanderc1450

patron1490

shipper1496

ship-governor1526

reis1585

nakhoda?1606

sea-captain1612

malem1615

manjee1683

captain1705

patroon1719

old man1821

owner1903

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. vii The Rais and Azappis of the gallies.

1589 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 204 The Reiz, or Captaines of the Gallies.

1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant 208 Seeing a Caique full of Men making towards us, our Reys, (who was a Turk) told us they were Christians, and presently went into his Caique.

1753 Scots Mag. 15 16/1 A rais, that is the captain of a corsair.

1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor xiv. 45 The Rais was an obstinate hairy savage.

1845 Mem. Lady H. Stanhope I. 269 He then was entitled fully to the rank of Räis Hassan, or Captain Hassan.

1863 J. Petherick Trav. in Afr. 4 May (1869) I. 322 The reis of our nugger came overland to the ‘Kathleen’.

1886 C. W. Wilson From Korti to Khartum 137 The reis or pilot with his assistants, who navigated the ship.

1932 W. Lewis Filibusters in Barbary i. xii. 62 With wild shouts and frantic gestures, the reis..urged the crew to renewed exertions.

1998 P. O'Brian Hundred Days (1999) viii. 224 Jacob's question to the Reis was interrupted by the coming of the coal-black sailmaker with two pale Sclavonians, lightly chained but heavily burdened.

2. In Muslim countries: a person in authority; a chief, leader, governor, or person of similar status. Cf. Reis Effendi n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief

headeOE

headmanOE

headsmanOE

masterlinga1200

dukec1275

chevetaine1297

chief1297

headlingc1300

principalc1325

captainc1380

primatec1384

chieftainc1400

master-man1424

principate1483

grand captain1531

headmaster?1545

knap of the casec1555

capitano1594

muqaddam1598

mudaliyar1662

reis1677

sachem1684

doge1705

prytanis1790

gam1827

main guy1882

oga1917

ras1935

1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Persian Trav. v. xi. 228 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) In every Village or Borough [in Ottoman Turkey] there is a Reis [Fr. Reis], or chief of the place.

1849 E. B. Eastwick Dry Leaves 62 When he found himself degraded from his position of Rais, or Chief Amir.

1864 Á. Vámbéry Trav. Central Asia 185 Each city has its Rei's, who, with a cat-o'-four-tails in his hand..examines each passer by in the principles of Islamism.

1966 I. Cunnison Baggara Arabs v. 72 The man recognized as its leader is called the reis (head).

1996 Times 23 Jan. 15/1 Yassir Arafat..won, emphatically, the post of rais (or ‘leader’) and is effectively the first President of Palestine.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	reis
释义	reisn. Brit. /rʌɪs/, U.S. /raɪs/ Forms: 1500s raiz, 1500s reyz, 1500s–1600s reiz, 1600s raise, 1600s rayse, 1600s 1800s– reis, 1600s–1700s reys, 1600s– rais, 1700s rice, 1800s räis, 1800s reïs, 1800s rei's. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Turkish. Probably also partly a borrowing from Arabic. Etymons: French raiz, reïs; Ottoman Turkish re'īs; Arabic ra'īs. Etymology: < Middle French raiz, reys, reis, French reïs, raïs Turkish ship's captain (1540), Turkish official (1603) and its etymon Ottoman Turkish re'īs (Turkish reis ; now usually with reference to the captain of a small vessel) < Arabic ra'īs (also rā'is and (in colloquial pronunciation) rayyis ) chief, chieftain, leader, chairman, governor, president < ra's head (see ras n.¹). In recent use in sense 2 probably directly < Arabic ra'īs. With the earlier quots. in this sense compare also Persian raʿīs kind of government official, although this is not normally used to denote a village headman. 1. In Middle-Eastern contexts: the captain of a boat or ship. Also as a title preceding a proper name. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > one who travels by water or sea > sailor > [noun] > captain or master skipper1390 master shipmana1393 master mariner?a1400 shipmanc1405 shipmasterc1440 commanderc1450 patron1490 shipper1496 ship-governor1526 reis1585 nakhoda?1606 sea-captain1612 malem1615 manjee1683 captain1705 patroon1719 old man1821 owner1903 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. vii The Rais and Azappis of the gallies. 1589 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations i. 204 The Reiz, or Captaines of the Gallies. 1687 A. Lovell tr. J. de Thévenot Trav. into Levant 208 Seeing a Caique full of Men making towards us, our Reys, (who was a Turk) told us they were Christians, and presently went into his Caique. 1753 Scots Mag. 15 16/1 A rais, that is the captain of a corsair. 1775 R. Chandler Trav. Asia Minor xiv. 45 The Rais was an obstinate hairy savage. 1845 Mem. Lady H. Stanhope I. 269 He then was entitled fully to the rank of Räis Hassan, or Captain Hassan. 1863 J. Petherick Trav. in Afr. 4 May (1869) I. 322 The reis of our nugger came overland to the ‘Kathleen’. 1886 C. W. Wilson From Korti to Khartum 137 The reis or pilot with his assistants, who navigated the ship. 1932 W. Lewis Filibusters in Barbary i. xii. 62 With wild shouts and frantic gestures, the reis..urged the crew to renewed exertions. 1998 P. O'Brian Hundred Days (1999) viii. 224 Jacob's question to the Reis was interrupted by the coming of the coal-black sailmaker with two pale Sclavonians, lightly chained but heavily burdened. 2. In Muslim countries: a person in authority; a chief, leader, governor, or person of similar status. Cf. Reis Effendi n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > those in authority > person in authority > head or chief headeOE headmanOE headsmanOE masterlinga1200 dukec1275 chevetaine1297 chief1297 headlingc1300 principalc1325 captainc1380 primatec1384 chieftainc1400 master-man1424 principate1483 grand captain1531 headmaster?1545 knap of the casec1555 capitano1594 muqaddam1598 mudaliyar1662 reis1677 sachem1684 doge1705 prytanis1790 gam1827 main guy1882 oga1917 ras1935 1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Persian Trav. v. xi. 228 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) In every Village or Borough [in Ottoman Turkey] there is a Reis [Fr. Reis], or chief of the place. 1849 E. B. Eastwick Dry Leaves 62 When he found himself degraded from his position of Rais, or Chief Amir. 1864 Á. Vámbéry Trav. Central Asia 185 Each city has its Rei's, who, with a cat-o'-four-tails in his hand..examines each passer by in the principles of Islamism. 1966 I. Cunnison Baggara Arabs v. 72 The man recognized as its leader is called the reis (head). 1996 Times 23 Jan. 15/1 Yassir Arafat..won, emphatically, the post of rais (or ‘leader’) and is effectively the first President of Palestine. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1585
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