root and branchadv.n.

Brit.

/ˌruːt (ə)n(d) ˈbrɑːn(t)ʃ/,

/ˌruːt (ə)n(d) ˈbraran(t)ʃ/, U.S.

/ˌrud ən ˈbræn(t)ʃ/,

/ˌrʊd ən ˈbræn(t)ʃ/

Forms: 1600s root & branch, 1600s– root and branch, 1900s– root 'n' branch, 1900s– root n branch, 1900s– root 'n branch.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: English root and branch.

Etymology: < root and branch at root n.¹ 11b.

A. adv.

In phrases relating to destruction or abolition: completely and utterly; once and for all.Originally with reference to the London Petition of 11 December 1640, calling for the abolition of the system of episcopal government; see quot. 1640¹ and Root and Branch Petition n. at Compounds 2. The wording of this petition alludes to Malachi 4:1, ‘the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the Lord of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch’ (King James Bible).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase]

high and low1397

every (also ilk, ilka) stick?a1400

root and rind?a1400

hair and hide?c1450

stout and routc1450

bane and routc1480

overthwart and endlonga1500

(in) hide and hairc1575

right out1578

horse and footc1600

flesh and fella1616

root and branch1640

stab and stow1680

stoop and roop1728

stick, stock, stone dead1796

rump and stump1824

stump and rump1825

rump and rig1843

good and1885

1640 Petition in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) I. 93 That the said government, with all its dependencies, roots, and branches, be abolished.]

1640 H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 66 Some do petition to reform them, others to abolish them root and branch.

1641 Ld. Saye & Sele in W. Cobbett Parl. Hist. (1807) II. 806 The question..is not, Whether episcopacy..shall be taken away root and branch.

1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico v. 141 Constantly to endeavour the extirpation of it, Root and Branch.

1713 Whigs turn'd Tories 30 The Pope..commanded him to proceed, and to destroy the Protestants Root and Branch.

1777 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 299 If our people do not turn out now and destroy Burgoyne's gang, root and branch.

1829 W. Scott Rob Roy (new ed.) I. Introd. p. xi Cutting off the tribe of MacGregor root and branch.

1867 J. Morley Burke 237 Privilege and immunity were then cut up root and branch.

1920 Amer. Woman Aug. 8/2 I wish I could remember the words the professor used, they would destroy Bob root and branch.

2007 Voice 16 Apr. 16/3 We are concerned that the old style Britishness, with its concomitant ethnocentrism and Eurocentrism, is shorn of racism; root and branch.

B. n.

The policy of abolition of the system of episcopal government within the Church of England, as set forth in the Root and Branch Petition (1640) and the Root and Branch Bill (1641). Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > episcopacy > [noun] > supporter of > not > policy of

root and branch1642

1642 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. i. 2 The question is, whether ever I professed my selfe for Root and Branch: that is the Shibboleth whereby some try whether you are for Ruine or for Reforming.

1679 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 3) 2 Professing themselves against Root and Branch.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iii. 184 S^r Harry Vane, and shortly after M^r Hambden..were believ'd to be for Root and Branch; which grew shortly after a common Expression.

1733 D. Neal Hist. Puritans II. viii. 419 Among those who were for Root and Branch, or the total extirpating of Episcopacy, were Sir Henry Vane.

1963 W. M. Lamont Marginal Prynne, 1600–1669 i. 20 The ecclesiastical radicals were as anxious to discredit Foxe and Jewel as Laud had been: ‘root and branch’ was incompatible with episcopacy.

1991 Past & Present Aug. 35 The hopes that ‘Root and Branch’ would be a vehicle for national reformation.

Compounds

C1.

a. attributive, with the sense ‘advocating or supportive of root and branch reform’.

ΚΠ

1646 J. Barwick Querela Cantabrigiensis 7 What was like to become of that ancient and famous Seminary of Learning and Religion, when those Root-and-Branch-men chose that place for the prime Garrison and Rendezvouz of their Assotiation?

1699 W. Baron Just Def. Royal Martyr xi. 180 Such Root and Branch Fellows were intolerable, and..had already destroy'd the Church.

1737 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 499/2 These are Root and Branch Men, and strike at the Foundation of all our National Happiness.

1816 Edinb. Rev. 27 167 We have seen that our root-and-branch Reformer went a great deal farther.

1858 J. Payn Foster Brothers xv The boy had become at heart a root-and-branch democrat.

1907 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 324 The root-and-branch man who urges us to escape the Unendurable by taking refuge in the Impossible.

2007 Church Times 14 Sept. 18/4 Sir Roy is not a ‘Root and Branch’ man: he is a server in Hereford Cathedral.

b. attributive, with the sense ‘of the nature of root and branch reform; radical; thorough.’

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective] > complete or exhaustive

root and branch?1702

exhaustive1786

unabbreviated1805

?1702 C. Leslie New Assoc. Pt. II 15 They instruct their Youth..to make Root and Branch Work with Episcopacy.

1790 Ann. Reg. 1788 Misc. Ess. 143/1 I have hit upon a plan, which will make root and branch work of it, and do the business effectually.

1852 T. Carlyle Life J. Sterling (ed. 2) i. vii. 71 They were liberals, and..democrats; contemplating root-and-branch innovation by aid of the hustings and ballot-box.

1908 C. R. L. Fletcher Introd. Hist. Eng. xii. 291 The House voted by a large majority a root-and-branch remonstrance against the very existence of Buckingham.

1985 W. Sheed Frank & Maisie iii. 49 A condemnation of root-and-branch attempts to desupernaturalize the Gospels.

2005 L. Kellaway Who moved my Blackberry? (2006) ix. 273 Suggest you do not attempt to come home unless you are prepared to undergo a root and branch personal rebranding.

C2.

Root and Branch Petition n. (also with lower-case initials) historical a petition presented to Parliament on 11 December 1640, calling for the abolition of the episcopal government of the Church of England.The petition was entitled ‘The First and Large Petition of the Citie of London and other Inhabitants thereabouts’. It was subsequently known as the ‘Root and Branch Petition’ from its wording; see the note and quot. 1640¹ at sense A.

ΚΠ

1733 D. Neal Hist. Puritans II. viii. 411 The petitions against the Hierarchy were of two Sorts; some desiring that the whole Fabrick might be destroyed; of these, the Chief was the Root and Branch Petition.

1856 Q. Rev. June 149 ‘The root and branch petition’..was signed by 15,000 persons, many of them Anabaptists and Brownists.

1907 F. C. Montague Hist. Eng. from Accession James I. to Restoration xi. 243 Since the presenting of the root and branch petition in December, other petitions for reform in the Church had crowded upon the commons.

1994 F. J. Bremer Congregational Communion vi. 130 While debate over the Root and Branch Petition continued into the summer of 1641, pressure from the Puritan provinces mounted.

Root and Branch Bill n. (also with lower-case initials) now historical a bill embodying the proposals of the Root and Branch Petition, brought before Parliament in May 1641.The bill was defeated, but its aims were ultimately achieved under the Ordinance for the abolishing of Archbishops and Bishops in England and Wales, passed in October 1646.

ΚΠ

1642 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. xvi. 119 The Bill for Root and Branch (commonly called the Bishops Bill) having long been agitated, and in the Commitment grown from two sheets to above forty.]

1647 Sc. Souldiers Speech conc. Coronation-oath 5 His Majesty..refuseth to consent to the root and branch bills against the Episcopacy.

1714 J. Walker Attempt Acct. Sufferings Clergy Church of Eng. i. 37/1 The Act for Abolishing the High-Commission-Court..took place in August, 1641; and it was in May before, that the Root and Branch Bill had been brought in.

1873 Contemp. Rev. Apr. 660 Cromwell and Vane pushed forward the Root and Branch bill, a temperate version of the Presbyterian system.

1943 ELH 10 94 Milton begain to write his anti-episcopal tracts about the time that the Root-and-Branch Bill..indicated the rising strength of the opposition to the bishops.

2001 R. Wilcher Writing of Royalism 1628–60 iv. 68 Sir Edward Dering, who had taken a leading part in the attack on Archbishop Laud, had been persuaded..to present the Root and Branch Bill.

root and branch party n. historical an association of politicians supporting the Root and Branch Bill.

ΚΠ

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. (Paris ed.) II. ix. 222 A bill, preferred by what was then called the root and branch party, for the entire abolition of episcopacy.

1884 S. R. Gardiner Hist. Eng. IX. xcvi. 299 The Root-and-Branch party knew well that they could not..count on a majority.

1991 Albion 23 548 A large root and branch party seeking the extirpation of prelacy in 1640 bears no comparison to a much diminished dissenting population seeking only comprehension or toleration in 1680.

root and branch policy n. a radical policy involving the abolition of an established institution or system; spec. the policy of the abolition of the system of episcopal government within the Church of England, as advocated in the 1640s.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > course adopted to achieve an end > other spec.

root and branch reform1822

meat-axe1831

root and branch policy1837

third way1935

scare tactic1967

1837 Reg. Deb. Congr. XIV. 29 Sept. 398 It does not appear to me that this root and branch policy, this tearing up things established, to supply their places with new theories,..is the part of prudence and wisdom.

1867 J. Morley Burke 180 The root and branch policy of the Tudors.

1940 Eng. Hist. Rev. 55 682 Pym supported, though he did not initiate, the root and branch policy.

2003 Canberra Times (Austral.) (Nexis) 23 Feb. a14 To achieve efficiency and equity, Labor says ‘root and branch’ policies are not required, only ongoing reform.

root and branch reform radical reform of an established institution or system; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > course adopted to achieve an end > other spec.

root and branch reform1822

meat-axe1831

root and branch policy1837

third way1935

scare tactic1967

1822 Brit. Rev. 22 239 Generally speaking, we are no friends to ‘root and branch reform’.

1860 R. W. Emerson Conduct of Life 123 What we call our root-and-branch reforms of slavery, war, gambling, intemperence, is only medicating the symptoms.

1946 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 6 68 His [sc. G. B. Shaw's] Puritan predilection for the honesty of root-and-branch reform.

2005 A. Beck in N. A. Uildriks Police Reform & Human Rights vi. 52 A program of root and branch reform is still required rather than mere alterations to the existing structure.

Derivatives

ˌroot and ˈbrancher n. a person who advocates or carries out root and branch reform; a proponent of radical change to a process, institution, etc.

ΚΠ

1831 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 982/2 For who are likely now to be our enemies? High Whigs and low Whigs—Radicals and root-and-branchers.

1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 5 Oct. 275/2 The Cardiff Conference consisted of 95 per cent. ‘root-and-branchers’.

2004 Times (Nexis) 11 May 37 Most of the latter [ sc. the reform group] differ in one important respect from the root and branchers, however: they make no money from the game themselves.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	root and branch
释义	root and branchadv.n. Brit. /ˌruːt (ə)n(d) ˈbrɑːn(t)ʃ/, /ˌruːt (ə)n(d) ˈbraran(t)ʃ/, U.S. /ˌrud ən ˈbræn(t)ʃ/, /ˌrʊd ən ˈbræn(t)ʃ/ Forms: 1600s root & branch, 1600s– root and branch, 1900s– root 'n' branch, 1900s– root n branch, 1900s– root 'n branch. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: English root and branch. Etymology: < root and branch at root n.¹ 11b. A. adv. In phrases relating to destruction or abolition: completely and utterly; once and for all.Originally with reference to the London Petition of 11 December 1640, calling for the abolition of the system of episcopal government; see quot. 1640¹ and Root and Branch Petition n. at Compounds 2. The wording of this petition alludes to Malachi 4:1, ‘the day that cometh shall burn them up, saith the Lord of hosts, that it shall leave them neither root nor branch’ (King James Bible). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] high and low1397 every (also ilk, ilka) stick?a1400 root and rind?a1400 hair and hide?c1450 stout and routc1450 bane and routc1480 overthwart and endlonga1500 (in) hide and hairc1575 right out1578 horse and footc1600 flesh and fella1616 root and branch1640 stab and stow1680 stoop and roop1728 stick, stock, stone dead1796 rump and stump1824 stump and rump1825 rump and rig1843 good and1885 1640 Petition in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1721) I. 93 That the said government, with all its dependencies, roots, and branches, be abolished.] 1640 H. Slingsby Diary (1836) 66 Some do petition to reform them, others to abolish them root and branch. 1641 Ld. Saye & Sele in W. Cobbett Parl. Hist. (1807) II. 806 The question..is not, Whether episcopacy..shall be taken away root and branch. 1650 R. Stapleton tr. F. Strada De Bello Belgico v. 141 Constantly to endeavour the extirpation of it, Root and Branch. 1713 Whigs turn'd Tories 30 The Pope..commanded him to proceed, and to destroy the Protestants Root and Branch. 1777 J. Adams in J. Adams & A. Adams Familiar Lett. (1876) 299 If our people do not turn out now and destroy Burgoyne's gang, root and branch. 1829 W. Scott Rob Roy (new ed.) I. Introd. p. xi Cutting off the tribe of MacGregor root and branch. 1867 J. Morley Burke 237 Privilege and immunity were then cut up root and branch. 1920 Amer. Woman Aug. 8/2 I wish I could remember the words the professor used, they would destroy Bob root and branch. 2007 Voice 16 Apr. 16/3 We are concerned that the old style Britishness, with its concomitant ethnocentrism and Eurocentrism, is shorn of racism; root and branch. B. n. The policy of abolition of the system of episcopal government within the Church of England, as set forth in the Root and Branch Petition (1640) and the Root and Branch Bill (1641). Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > kinds of church government > episcopacy > [noun] > supporter of > not > policy of root and branch1642 1642 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. i. 2 The question is, whether ever I professed my selfe for Root and Branch: that is the Shibboleth whereby some try whether you are for Ruine or for Reforming. 1679 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 3) 2 Professing themselves against Root and Branch. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. iii. 184 S^r Harry Vane, and shortly after M^r Hambden..were believ'd to be for Root and Branch; which grew shortly after a common Expression. 1733 D. Neal Hist. Puritans II. viii. 419 Among those who were for Root and Branch, or the total extirpating of Episcopacy, were Sir Henry Vane. 1963 W. M. Lamont Marginal Prynne, 1600–1669 i. 20 The ecclesiastical radicals were as anxious to discredit Foxe and Jewel as Laud had been: ‘root and branch’ was incompatible with episcopacy. 1991 Past & Present Aug. 35 The hopes that ‘Root and Branch’ would be a vehicle for national reformation. Compounds C1. a. attributive, with the sense ‘advocating or supportive of root and branch reform’. ΚΠ 1646 J. Barwick Querela Cantabrigiensis 7 What was like to become of that ancient and famous Seminary of Learning and Religion, when those Root-and-Branch-men chose that place for the prime Garrison and Rendezvouz of their Assotiation? 1699 W. Baron Just Def. Royal Martyr xi. 180 Such Root and Branch Fellows were intolerable, and..had already destroy'd the Church. 1737 Gentleman's Mag. Aug. 499/2 These are Root and Branch Men, and strike at the Foundation of all our National Happiness. 1816 Edinb. Rev. 27 167 We have seen that our root-and-branch Reformer went a great deal farther. 1858 J. Payn Foster Brothers xv The boy had become at heart a root-and-branch democrat. 1907 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 324 The root-and-branch man who urges us to escape the Unendurable by taking refuge in the Impossible. 2007 Church Times 14 Sept. 18/4 Sir Roy is not a ‘Root and Branch’ man: he is a server in Hereford Cathedral. b. attributive, with the sense ‘of the nature of root and branch reform; radical; thorough.’ ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adjective] > complete or exhaustive root and branch?1702 exhaustive1786 unabbreviated1805 ?1702 C. Leslie New Assoc. Pt. II 15 They instruct their Youth..to make Root and Branch Work with Episcopacy. 1790 Ann. Reg. 1788 Misc. Ess. 143/1 I have hit upon a plan, which will make root and branch work of it, and do the business effectually. 1852 T. Carlyle Life J. Sterling (ed. 2) i. vii. 71 They were liberals, and..democrats; contemplating root-and-branch innovation by aid of the hustings and ballot-box. 1908 C. R. L. Fletcher Introd. Hist. Eng. xii. 291 The House voted by a large majority a root-and-branch remonstrance against the very existence of Buckingham. 1985 W. Sheed Frank & Maisie iii. 49 A condemnation of root-and-branch attempts to desupernaturalize the Gospels. 2005 L. Kellaway Who moved my Blackberry? (2006) ix. 273 Suggest you do not attempt to come home unless you are prepared to undergo a root and branch personal rebranding. C2. Root and Branch Petition n. (also with lower-case initials) historical a petition presented to Parliament on 11 December 1640, calling for the abolition of the episcopal government of the Church of England.The petition was entitled ‘The First and Large Petition of the Citie of London and other Inhabitants thereabouts’. It was subsequently known as the ‘Root and Branch Petition’ from its wording; see the note and quot. 1640¹ at sense A. ΚΠ 1733 D. Neal Hist. Puritans II. viii. 411 The petitions against the Hierarchy were of two Sorts; some desiring that the whole Fabrick might be destroyed; of these, the Chief was the Root and Branch Petition. 1856 Q. Rev. June 149 ‘The root and branch petition’..was signed by 15,000 persons, many of them Anabaptists and Brownists. 1907 F. C. Montague Hist. Eng. from Accession James I. to Restoration xi. 243 Since the presenting of the root and branch petition in December, other petitions for reform in the Church had crowded upon the commons. 1994 F. J. Bremer Congregational Communion vi. 130 While debate over the Root and Branch Petition continued into the summer of 1641, pressure from the Puritan provinces mounted. Root and Branch Bill n. (also with lower-case initials) now historical a bill embodying the proposals of the Root and Branch Petition, brought before Parliament in May 1641.The bill was defeated, but its aims were ultimately achieved under the Ordinance for the abolishing of Archbishops and Bishops in England and Wales, passed in October 1646. ΚΠ 1642 E. Dering Coll. Speeches on Relig. xvi. 119 The Bill for Root and Branch (commonly called the Bishops Bill) having long been agitated, and in the Commitment grown from two sheets to above forty.] 1647 Sc. Souldiers Speech conc. Coronation-oath 5 His Majesty..refuseth to consent to the root and branch bills against the Episcopacy. 1714 J. Walker Attempt Acct. Sufferings Clergy Church of Eng. i. 37/1 The Act for Abolishing the High-Commission-Court..took place in August, 1641; and it was in May before, that the Root and Branch Bill had been brought in. 1873 Contemp. Rev. Apr. 660 Cromwell and Vane pushed forward the Root and Branch bill, a temperate version of the Presbyterian system. 1943 ELH 10 94 Milton begain to write his anti-episcopal tracts about the time that the Root-and-Branch Bill..indicated the rising strength of the opposition to the bishops. 2001 R. Wilcher Writing of Royalism 1628–60 iv. 68 Sir Edward Dering, who had taken a leading part in the attack on Archbishop Laud, had been persuaded..to present the Root and Branch Bill. root and branch party n. historical an association of politicians supporting the Root and Branch Bill. ΚΠ 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. (Paris ed.) II. ix. 222 A bill, preferred by what was then called the root and branch party, for the entire abolition of episcopacy. 1884 S. R. Gardiner Hist. Eng. IX. xcvi. 299 The Root-and-Branch party knew well that they could not..count on a majority. 1991 Albion 23 548 A large root and branch party seeking the extirpation of prelacy in 1640 bears no comparison to a much diminished dissenting population seeking only comprehension or toleration in 1680. root and branch policy n. a radical policy involving the abolition of an established institution or system; spec. the policy of the abolition of the system of episcopal government within the Church of England, as advocated in the 1640s. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > course adopted to achieve an end > other spec. root and branch reform1822 meat-axe1831 root and branch policy1837 third way1935 scare tactic1967 1837 Reg. Deb. Congr. XIV. 29 Sept. 398 It does not appear to me that this root and branch policy, this tearing up things established, to supply their places with new theories,..is the part of prudence and wisdom. 1867 J. Morley Burke 180 The root and branch policy of the Tudors. 1940 Eng. Hist. Rev. 55 682 Pym supported, though he did not initiate, the root and branch policy. 2003 Canberra Times (Austral.) (Nexis) 23 Feb. a14 To achieve efficiency and equity, Labor says ‘root and branch’ policies are not required, only ongoing reform. root and branch reform radical reform of an established institution or system; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > course adopted to achieve an end > other spec. root and branch reform1822 meat-axe1831 root and branch policy1837 third way1935 scare tactic1967 1822 Brit. Rev. 22 239 Generally speaking, we are no friends to ‘root and branch reform’. 1860 R. W. Emerson Conduct of Life 123 What we call our root-and-branch reforms of slavery, war, gambling, intemperence, is only medicating the symptoms. 1946 Jrnl. Econ. Hist. 6 68 His [sc. G. B. Shaw's] Puritan predilection for the honesty of root-and-branch reform. 2005 A. Beck in N. A. Uildriks Police Reform & Human Rights vi. 52 A program of root and branch reform is still required rather than mere alterations to the existing structure. Derivatives ˌroot and ˈbrancher n. a person who advocates or carries out root and branch reform; a proponent of radical change to a process, institution, etc. ΚΠ 1831 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 982/2 For who are likely now to be our enemies? High Whigs and low Whigs—Radicals and root-and-branchers. 1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 5 Oct. 275/2 The Cardiff Conference consisted of 95 per cent. ‘root-and-branchers’. 2004 Times (Nexis) 11 May 37 Most of the latter [ sc. the reform group] differ in one important respect from the root and branchers, however: they make no money from the game themselves. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.n.1640
随便看	serge-clothier serge-maker serge-market serge-wale serge-weaver sergeancies sergeancy sergeant sergeant armourer sergeant at mace, of mace sergeant at the mace, of the mace sergeant baker sergeant bugler sergeant clerk sergeant compounder sergeant cook sergeant corn sergeant drummer sergeant farrier sergeant garbager sergeant instructor sergeant master tailor sergeant of a band sergeant of arms sergeant of peace