roukn.

Brit.

/raʊk/,

/ruːk/, U.S.

/raʊk/,

/ruk/, Scottish English

/rʌʊk/,

/ruk/

Forms:

α. Scottish pre-1700 rouck, pre-1700 1800s– rouk, 1800s rouke, 1900s– rowk; English regional (northern) 1800s– rowk.

β. English regional (northern) 1700s–1800s rook; Scottish 1700s– rook.

Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: roke n.¹

Etymology: Apparently a variant of roke n.¹, although the phonology of the β. forms is difficult to explain. They may reflect raising of the vowel before k in Middle English (which sometimes occurs in northern dialects: see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §148), with subsequent influence of the English pronunciation on Scots.The β. forms could sometimes show a spelling for roke n.¹ (compare α. forms at that entry). With the β. forms compare also earlier rooky adj.²

Scottish and English regional (northern).

Mist, fog.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun]

misteOE

roke1292

vapourc1386

nyle1481

stove1513

fumec1550

rouka1586

misting1604

steam1612

dampa1616

petty-fog1641

smoke1648

brume1694

muga1728

ure1818

nebule1869

nebula1894

moist1903

M1904

clag1940

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog

fog1544

rouka1586

soup1901

α.

a1586 J. Rowll Cursing l. 172 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 166 Quhair yair is hunger cald and thrist Dirknes mirknes rouk and mist.

a1586 King Hart l. 10 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 255 Ffor wes he never ȝit with schouris schot Nor ȝit ourrun with rouk or ony rayne.

1659 A. Hay Diary 22 Oct. (1901) 170 Thick rouk in the morning.

1660 A. Hay Diary 21 Jan. (1901) 244 A thick rouck and frost.

1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Rouk, mist.

1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Rouk, a mist, or fog.

1861 J. Brown Horæ Subs. Pref. p. vii Now, the rouk (mist born of early frosts) is lying white and chill.

a1870 H. S. Riddell Poet. Wks. (1871) I. 199 Yon rouke that's floating by sae grey.

1926 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Compl. Poems (1993) I. 107 The Easter rouk..rows up frae the howes and droons the heichs, And turns the country to a faceless spook.

2005 D. Purves Chrysants (SCOTS) A gey dreich day this, wi rouk an cloud.

β. a1728 W. Kennett MS Coll. Provinc. Words (Lansd. 1033) f. 327^v A Rook, a steam or vapour.1794 Har'st Rig lxxxi. 27 Mair scouthry like it still does look, At length comes on in mochy rook.1816 W. Singers in Prize Ess. & Trans. Highland Soc. Scotl. 4 164 A ground rook, or fog, is ominous of mildew about the ripening season.1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Rook, rouk, a mist, or fog.1896 F. M. T. Palsgrave List Words & Phrases Hetton-le-Hole 38 It's a thick rook the neet.1928 A. D. Mackie Poems in Two Tongues 49 The rook soops on through the streets o' the toon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† roukv.

Forms: late Middle English rouk (northern); Scottish pre-1700 rouk, pre-1700 rowk.

Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: ruck v.¹

Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a specific sense development of ruck v.¹ (compare α. forms at that entry). However, compare also runk v. and discussion at that entry. Slightly earlier currency is probably implied by rouker n.

Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete.

intransitive. Perhaps: to crouch or huddle so as to speak quietly; cf. ruck v.¹ Only in to rouk and round and variants: to talk privately or secretly (cf. round v.¹).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse [verb (intransitive)] > privately or familiarly

to rouk and rounda1450

tête-à-tête1861

schmooze1884

pillow-talk1953

a1450 York Plays (1885) 36 (MED) Goo, iape þe, robard iangillande, Me liste noȝt nowe to rouk nor rowne.

a1500 Thewis Gud Women (Cambr. Kk.1.5) l. 18 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 80 A woman suld..with na ȝonge men rouk [v.r. rowk] na roune.

1529 D. Lindsay Compl. 185 Roundand and rowkand, ane tyll vther.

1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1934) I. f. 45 Syne to the lordis to rouk and roun.

c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 45 The Inglismen begouth to gif bakkis, and to rouk and round, sayand it was ane greit matter to brek the Scottis.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	rouk
释义	roukn. Brit. /raʊk/, /ruːk/, U.S. /raʊk/, /ruk/, Scottish English /rʌʊk/, /ruk/ Forms: α. Scottish pre-1700 rouck, pre-1700 1800s– rouk, 1800s rouke, 1900s– rowk; English regional (northern) 1800s– rowk. β. English regional (northern) 1700s–1800s rook; Scottish 1700s– rook. Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: roke n.¹ Etymology: Apparently a variant of roke n.¹, although the phonology of the β. forms is difficult to explain. They may reflect raising of the vowel before k in Middle English (which sometimes occurs in northern dialects: see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §148), with subsequent influence of the English pronunciation on Scots.The β. forms could sometimes show a spelling for roke n.¹ (compare α. forms at that entry). With the β. forms compare also earlier rooky adj.² Scottish and English regional (northern). Mist, fog. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] misteOE roke1292 vapourc1386 nyle1481 stove1513 fumec1550 rouka1586 misting1604 steam1612 dampa1616 petty-fog1641 smoke1648 brume1694 muga1728 ure1818 nebule1869 nebula1894 moist1903 M1904 clag1940 the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > mist > [noun] > thick mist or fog fog1544 rouka1586 soup1901 α. a1586 J. Rowll Cursing l. 172 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 166 Quhair yair is hunger cald and thrist Dirknes mirknes rouk and mist. a1586 King Hart l. 10 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 255 Ffor wes he never ȝit with schouris schot Nor ȝit ourrun with rouk or ony rayne. 1659 A. Hay Diary 22 Oct. (1901) 170 Thick rouk in the morning. 1660 A. Hay Diary 21 Jan. (1901) 244 A thick rouck and frost. 1808 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Rouk, mist. 1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Rouk, a mist, or fog. 1861 J. Brown Horæ Subs. Pref. p. vii Now, the rouk (mist born of early frosts) is lying white and chill. a1870 H. S. Riddell Poet. Wks. (1871) I. 199 Yon rouke that's floating by sae grey. 1926 ‘H. MacDiarmid’ Compl. Poems (1993) I. 107 The Easter rouk..rows up frae the howes and droons the heichs, And turns the country to a faceless spook. 2005 D. Purves Chrysants (SCOTS) A gey dreich day this, wi rouk an cloud. β. a1728 W. Kennett MS Coll. Provinc. Words (Lansd. 1033) f. 327^v A Rook, a steam or vapour.1794 Har'st Rig lxxxi. 27 Mair scouthry like it still does look, At length comes on in mochy rook.1816 W. Singers in Prize Ess. & Trans. Highland Soc. Scotl. 4 164 A ground rook, or fog, is ominous of mildew about the ripening season.1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Rook, rouk, a mist, or fog.1896 F. M. T. Palsgrave List Words & Phrases Hetton-le-Hole 38 It's a thick rook the neet.1928 A. D. Mackie Poems in Two Tongues 49 The rook soops on through the streets o' the toon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † roukv. Forms: late Middle English rouk (northern); Scottish pre-1700 rouk, pre-1700 rowk. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: ruck v.¹ Etymology: Origin uncertain. Perhaps a specific sense development of ruck v.¹ (compare α. forms at that entry). However, compare also runk v. and discussion at that entry. Slightly earlier currency is probably implied by rouker n. Chiefly Scottish. Obsolete. intransitive. Perhaps: to crouch or huddle so as to speak quietly; cf. ruck v.¹ Only in to rouk and round and variants: to talk privately or secretly (cf. round v.¹). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse [verb (intransitive)] > privately or familiarly to rouk and rounda1450 tête-à-tête1861 schmooze1884 pillow-talk1953 a1450 York Plays (1885) 36 (MED) Goo, iape þe, robard iangillande, Me liste noȝt nowe to rouk nor rowne. a1500 Thewis Gud Women (Cambr. Kk.1.5) l. 18 in R. Girvan Ratis Raving & Other Early Scots Poems (1939) 80 A woman suld..with na ȝonge men rouk [v.r. rowk] na roune. 1529 D. Lindsay Compl. 185 Roundand and rowkand, ane tyll vther. 1568 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1934) I. f. 45 Syne to the lordis to rouk and roun. c1600 Diurnal of Remarkable Occurrents (1833) 45 The Inglismen begouth to gif bakkis, and to rouk and round, sayand it was ane greit matter to brek the Scottis. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.a1586v.a1450
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