saucyadj.1adv.
/ˈsɔːsi/, U.S. /ˈsɔsi/, /ˈsɑsi/, Scottish English /ˈsɔsɪ/, Australian English /ˈsɔːsi/ A. adj.1
I. Senses relating to behaviour.† 4. Scornful, disdainful. Obsolete (Scottish and English regional in later use).
1.
a. Impudent, presumptuous; insolent or disrespectful, esp. towards those in authority. In later use usually with milder sense: impertinent, irreverent, cheeky.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [adjective]
thristec897
bolda1000
keen1297
apert1330
smartc1400
malaperta1425
overbolda1425
affronted1485
saucy1511
impertinata1525
over-familiar1529
pert1535
cocket1537
cockapert1556
contumelious1561
impudent1563
brass-bold1582
pertlike1582
paughtya1586
audacious1586
copped1597
effronted1598
petulant1598
dortya1605
rufty-tufty1606
facy1607
snappish1608
bold-faceda1616
over-pert1621
impertinent1631
procacious1660
insolent1678
calleting1691
effrontuousa1734
imperent1771
free1775
sassy1799
pawky1809
iron-sideda1825
gilpie1835
cheeky1838
fresh1843
snouty1858
nebby1873
gay1889
nebsy1894
nervy1896
brass neck1925
facety1928
facey1929
brass-necked1935
chutzpadik1959
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [adjective] > pert or brash
pertc1405
skipjack1598
puppily1682
whelpish1688
saucy1710
owdacious1751
minxing1767
puppyish1775
puppy-like1792
brash1824
pertish1836
cheekish1838
uppish1841
tossy1848
fly1884
soubrettish1891
whipper-snapping1925
in your face1975
1511 H. Watson tr. St. Bernardino Chirche of Euyll Men & Women sig. E.iijv Many yong chyldren are so dyssolute and gyuen to vnthryftynes, glotons, saucy lyers, and wyll do nothynge.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Luke v. f. lxixv What a more shamelesse or sawcie pranke coulde there bee, then to take downe the tilyng of an other mannes house, and to tumble in suche a lothely sight before suche a presence to behold it?
1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 24 Symon magus was so sawcye as to name him selfe the mightie power of God.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 289 I wil speake to him like a sawcie Lacky, and vnder that habit play the knaue with him. View more context for this quotation
1646 H. Markham Let. in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 2 I shall not trouble your Ladyship with her scandelous and sawcy language of my Lord or yourselfe.
1669 J. Dryden Wild Gallant iv. i. 41 Sawcy Rascal, to disturb my Meditations.
1710 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 21 Sept. (1948) I. 26 Here must I begin another letter, on a whole sheet, for fear sawcy little MD should be angry.
a1721 Duke of Buckingham Julius Caesar i. ii, in Wks. (1723) I. 217 Betters! thou sawcy Citizen, be silent.
a1822 P. B. Shelley Charles I ii, in Wks. (1870) II. 379 Mark you what spirit sits in St. John's eyes? Methinks it is too saucy for this presence.
?1843 S. Smith Let. in Lady Holland Mem. S. Smith (1855) II. 499 I was sorry to be forced to give —— such a beating, but he was very saucy and deserved it.
1888 J. W. Burgon Lives Twelve Good Men II. v. 16 He forwarded a copy of his letter to Lord John, who sent him in reply a saucy comment on it.
1921 H. Williamson Beautiful Yrs. 30 Naw then, I'll box ees ears for um, saucy boy.
1983 W. N. Rowe Clapp's Rock xiii. 195 If you don't mind a saucy question, how much money do you yourself propose to put into these projects?
2008 P. Hensher Northern Clemency 568 Some of the other women were saucy to him, but Rosalie approved of someone bettering themselves.
b. Lively, spirited; sprightly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [adjective] > cheerful and lively
taitc1300
cant1330
crouse?a1400
pert?a1513
sprightya1522
aleger1590
sprightly1594
sunshine1594
brighta1616
lifesomec1635
flippant1711
cantya1724
saucy1741
chirk1789
chipper1806
chirrupy1808
up1815
chirpy1837
breezy1870
cyclonish1884
1741 S. Richardson Pamela IV. xxxvi. 219 Never was a saucier dear Girl, than you, in your Maiden Days.
1822 C. G. Ward Family Portraits x. 200 Indeed, Emma, I wish I could instil some of my saucy spirits into your melancholy ones.
1901 S. E. Phipps Old House by Sea xxi. 170 How do you suppose I, and all the rest of us, are going to get along without you on the farm, with your saucy, sprightly ways, and your ‘true as steel’ young heart?
2006 R. S. Sheres Keeping Gideon vii. 66 It would appear that the saucy, irrepressible Paola Rosetti, avant-garde woman of the world who speaks her mind without reservation is, in reality, a meek, compliant daughter.
2.
a. Fastidious; spoilt; (esp. with reference to food) fussy, picky. Now Scottish and English regional.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > refinement > fastidiousness > [adjective]
chisa700
estfula1000
esquaymous1303
squeamousc1325
overnicec1350
curiousc1380
dangerousc1386
delicatea1393
preciousc1395
nicec1400
skigc1400
over-delicatea1425
daintethc1430
ticklec1456
quaint1483
dauncha1500
pickinga1500
feat?1529
elegant?1533
queasy1545
fine1546
fine-fingered1549
fastidious?1555
fine-mouthed1559
chary1567
weamish1571
saucy1573
dainty1576
superfine1576
niced1577
overcurious1579
nicing1581
fineish1582
prick-me-dainty1583
daint1590
finical1592
tiptoe-nice1593
nice1594
nicking1598
choice1601
squeamish1608
marchpane1609
hypercritical1611
particular1616
finicking1661
overcritical1667
just so1696
penurious1703
fal-lal1747
ogertful1754
nackety1756
quiddling1789
pernickety1808
pershittie1808
taffety1814
hypercritic1820
faddy1824
finicky1825
meticulous1827
daintified1834
squeamy1838
picksome1855
choosey1862
picky1867
hyperaesthetic1879
persnickety1885
précieux1891
perskeet1897
tasty1905
Nice Nelly1922
perfectionist1942
snicketya1960
perfectionistic1968
1573 T. Tusser Points Huswifrie (new ed.) f. 31, in Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) Where coeking Dads, make sawsie lads.
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Friand,..saucie, lickorous, daintie-mouthed, sweet-toothed.
1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine: 2nd Pt. ii. 174 Thou hast a sawcy and a luxurious Palate.
1886 R. E. G. Cole Gloss. Words S.-W. Lincs. (at cited word) They've got too saucy to ëat bacon.
1904 Eng. Dial. Dict. V. (at cited word) Eat what's on your plate, and don't be so saucy.
1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 255/2 Saucey, fastidious, fanciful.
b. Hence of a plate: showing evidence of fussy eating; left with uneaten food on it; unfinished. Now English regional.
ΚΠ
1874 Sheffield & Rotherham Independent 27 July 4/1 ‘I won't have any proud oats left,’ says the careful housewife to children leaving saucy plates.
1904 A. Bennett Great Man vi. 50 He ate a little of the lean, leaving a wasteful margin of lean round the fat..; then he unobtrusively laid down his knife and fork. ‘Come, Henry,’ said Aunt Annie, ‘don't leave a saucy plate.’
1975 P. Wright Derbyshire Drawl (1977) 15 For the man of the house to leave a saucy plate with food still left on it is the worst possible rebuff to her pride.
1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 255/2 Saucey-plaãte, by derivation, one with food left on it.
3. Originally: †wanton, lascivious (obsolete). Now colloquial in light-hearted or humorous use with milder sense: sexually suggestive or provocative; slightly erotic; sexy.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [adjective]
golelichc1000
luxuriousc1330
jollyc1384
lustyc1386
Venerienc1386
nicea1393
gayc1405
lasciviousc1425
libidinous1447
Venerian1448
coltishc1450
gigly1482
lubric1490
ranka1500
venereous1509
lubricous1535
venerious1547
boarish?1550
goatish?1552
cadye1554
lusting1559
coy1570
rage1573
rammish1577
venerial1577
lustful1579
rageous1579
proud1590
lust-breathed1594
rampant1596
venerous1597
sharp-seta1600
fulsome1600
lubrical1602
hot-backed1607
ruttish1607
stoned1607
muskish-minded1610
Venerean1612
saucya1616
veneral1623
lascive1647
venereal1652
lascivient1653
hircine1656
hot-tempered1673
ramp1678
randy1771
concupiscenta1834
aphrodisiac1862
lubricious1884
radgie1894
a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) i. vi. 152 If he shall thinke it fit, A sawcy Stranger in his Court, to Mart As in a Romish Stew. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. iv. 45 To remit Their sawcie sweetnes, that do coyne heauens Image In stamps that are forbid. View more context for this quotation
1620 Bp. J. Hall Honor Married Clergie iii. vii. 288 Her Clergie was sawcy; if they had not Wiues, they would haue Lemans.
1701 Sylvan Dream 4 Heaps of Ribaldry and saucy Prate.
1729 Hell upon Earth 43 Where have you been you saucy Queen? If I catch you Strouling and Caterwauling, I'll beat the Milk out of your Breasts I will so.
1871 R. Ellis tr. Catullus Poems xvi. 3 You that lightly a saucy verse resenting, Misconceit me.
1905 R. Parrish Sword of Old Frontier xxviii. 294 The saucy minx..flung back her hair coquettishly.
1974 Times 29 June 14/3 Saucy postcards have always, since their beginning at the turn of the century, gone too far.
2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Feb. (Front section) 3 (advt.) Why not add some saucy lingerie to your Valentine's Day shopping list?
2015 Daily Mirror (Nexis) (N. Ireland ed.) 1 Jan. She posted a saucy snap looking as if she was about to lock lips with her best pal.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > [adjective] > contemptuous
ollinga1200
hokerfula1275
scorningc1325
deignousc1330
despitousa1340
disdainousc1374
lightlya1400
scornfula1400
despiteous14..
endeignousc1400
hathlya1425
spitefulc1440
despitefula1450
fastidious?a1475
contemptuous1534
disdainfula1542
huff-nosed1542
lightliful1552
dainful1577
contemptible1594
sdeignful1596
disdained1598
contemptful1604
contemning1605
overlookinga1619
slight1632
slightinga1637
slightya1640
despisable1644
despicable1662
sneering1692
scornful1704
saucy1716
vilipendinga1722
fastidiose1730
unappreciating1833
scorny1836
high-sniffing1837
sniffy1871
sneery1872
sneerful1880
pejorativea1888
dismissive1930
sniffish1933
fuck you1962
1716 J. Gay Trivia i. 8 In sawcy State the griping Broker sits.
1867 E. Johnston Poems 180 Had ye drest like a clark, aye in a clean sark, I vow I wad ne'er been sae saucy.
a1917 E. C. Smith Braid Haaick (1927) 19 A'll eet ochts, be hanged; A'm no saucy.
5. Vain, conceited. Now Scottish and English regional.
ΚΠ
a1774 R. Fergusson Poems (1785) 173 Sin Merlin laid Auld Reikie's causey, And made her o' his wark right saucy.
1863 R. Quinn Heather Lintie (ed. 2) 126 Wi' feet, hands, waist, neck, hair an' facie, But ocht tae grace them, O' whilk a princess might be saucy.
1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey Wodds & Doggerybaw: Lincs. Dial. Dict. 255/2 Saucey, used derogatively... ‘Abuv thirsens.’
II. Senses relating to food.
6. Flavoured with or covered in sauce; resembling or having the consistency of sauce.rare before 20th cent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > preparation for table or cooking > seasoning > [adjective] > flavoured with sauce
saucy?a1513
sauced1894
a1513 W. Dunbar Flyting in Poems (1998) I. 206 Quhair thow lyis sawsy [a1586 soust] in saphron, bak and syd.
1776 E. Oxnard Jrnl. 12 Dec. in New-Eng. Hist. & Geneal. Reg. (1872) 26 254 We had boiled Turkey & oyster sauce,—a saucy dish in this country.
1967 La Crosse (Wisconsin) Tribune 4 Oct. (Final ed.) 14 (caption) Easy, pennywise dinner features saucy meatballs with a pineapple and cottage cheese salad, hot biscuit ring and butterscotch pudding.
2003 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 3 Sept. d3/1 Add garlic, followed by chicken, peppers and skin. Stir to combine, then add sherry, stock and soy sauce. Cook until mixture is saucy, about 3 minutes, then serve with white rice.
7. Piquant; pleasantly pungent, sharp, or tangy.
ΚΠ
1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. xxv. 279 Delicate, and of a sawcie and delicious taste.
1630 J. Taylor Great Eater of Kent in Wks. i. 146/1 Nor in all his life time the queasinesse of his stomacke needed any sawcy spurre or switch of sowre Veriuice or acute Vineger.
1785 Theologico-controversistical Conf. at Hague I. 97 It smells deliciously, both strong and savoury, most rich and saucy to the palate.
1927 Decatur (Illinois) Evening Herald 22 July 10 (advt.) ‘America's most delicious French Dressing’, women say of Wright's. Its creamy smoothness and its saucy flavor make it the preferred dressing for hot weather dishes.
1938 Homestead (Bloemfontein, S. Afr.) 22 June 27/2 I have picked out three or four [bottles of peach jam], and am going to try making them into chutney by boiling them up with vinegar, chopped apples and onions and spices till it is a thick pulp with a good saucy flavour.
2006 Wine Enthusiast Mag. Essent. Buying Guide 2007 131/2 The palate is thick with plum, raisin, and smoky, tangy, saucy notes.
III. Figurative and extended uses.
8. With reference to a ship or boat.† a. figurative and poetic. Suggestive of presumptuousness or rashness. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxxx. sig. Fv My sawsie barke (inferior farre to his) On your broad maine doth wilfully appeare. View more context for this quotation
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 41 Where's then the sawcie boate, Whose weake vntymberd sides but euen now Corriuald greatnesse? View more context for this quotation
1648 R. Crashaw Delights Muses (ed. 2) 70 Seas had not been rebuk't with sawcy Oares.
b. Smart, attractive. Cf. sense A. 10.
ΚΠ
1811 Boston Patriot 27 July The warlike and saucy appearance of the little ship tended not a little to give life and animation on the occasion.
1828 Sporting Mag. 21 341 Several East India ships..with such saucy rigging that would have made the Yachters raving in envy.
1873 G. C. Davies Mountain, Meadow & Mere xix. 173 Slow moving trawlers and saucy little crab boats.
1878 W. C. Bennett Sea Songs 78 Tight and saucy—tight and saucy, Trim's the ship we hail from.
1905 J. B. Connolly Deep Sea's Toll 63 She did sail, after a fashion. She did not go along like the saucy vessel that had put out from T Dock less than a week before,..but she made headway.
1979 C. Abraham White Ships (1986) xi. 157 A saucy vessel... As sweet as you could wish to find.
9. Of a nose: short and turned up at the tip, esp. in a way considered attractive.
ΚΠ
1782 Anna I. xxxii. 119 I have a saucy turn-up-nose in my favour.
1888 W. E. Henley Bk. Verses 155 She has..the sauciest nose.
1901 G. Anthony Victim of Circumstances xix. 172 She was plump and compact, with a saucy nose and an enviable wardrobe.
2000 D. McLellan Girls xxiv. 156 Blue-eyed, with a saucy nose and mousy hair.
10. Esp. of clothes: bold and smart in style; stylish, chic.
ΚΠ
1821 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Mar. 642 There was the means in my shop, of getting as fashionable a coat as the sprucest of these saucy sparks had on, to say nothing of the lining I could put in the pouches.
1838 Fashionable Coaley (song) in Queen's Own Songster I did my green plush breeches doff For a pair of moleskins saucy.
1843 A. Tennyson in Tait's Edinb. Mag. May 275/2 Their saucy caps, and their crisped hair.
1950 Stoutonia (Univ. Wisconsin–Stout) 17 Mar. 8 (advt.) The saucy jacket with cuffed ¾ length sleeves, and button trimmed pockets, complements the double purpose skirt.
1959 Tan Oct. 45 (caption) A variation on the ‘Italian’ cut is shown in this casual, yet saucy hairstyle.
2014 P. Foster Ridgeline xxiii. 126 Adeline imagined herself in a sweeping skirt of silk, a saucy hat perched on unswept hair.
11. Australian. In Australian Aboriginal usage: dangerous; poisonous, venomous. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1835 Trans. Zool. Soc. 1 236 The aborigines saying, alluding to the spur, ‘It is very saucy’; such being their English expression when they wish to imply that something is hurtful or poisonous.
1888 Daily Tel. (Sydney) 14 Apr. 9/5 To the blacks the brown snake is ‘carbon saucy’ fellow, meaning, if bitten, nothing less than death.
1938 Bombala (Austral.) Times 5 Aug. 2/4 The black boy's horse got bogged in the swamp above the homestead, and the boy said to the boss, ‘My word that creek one saucy fellow.’
12. English regional. Of a road or path: slippery.
ΚΠ
1848 A. B. Evans Leicestershire Words 78 Its saucy walking to-day, Miss.
1920 N. Staffs. Field Club Trans. & Ann. Rep 1919–20 LIV. 50 T'mare were-na fit to drag a heavy load up that bonk, and that as saucy (slippery) as it is.
1994 C. Upton et al. Surv. Eng. Dial.: Dict. & Gram. Saucy, slippery.
B. adv.
In a saucy manner (in various senses of the adjective); saucily.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [adverb]
wooinglya1382
boldlya1387
malapertly1447
malapertc1460
insolentlya1513
over-boldly1547
contumeliously1548
sauce malapertly1556
impudently1561
bold1597
saucy1598
petulantly1610
audaciously1611
affrontedlya1614
effrontedly1628
impertinently1671
effrontuouslya1734
procaciously1772
cheekily1872
sassily1883
brassily1889
1598 Queen Elizabeth I tr. Plutarch De Curiositate in Queen Elizabeth's Englishings (1899) x. 13 Suche vers as Archi-Lochus againe women Lewdely and ful sawsy made.
1713 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 21 Feb. (1948) II. 624 Mesinks I writt a little sawcy last night.
1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xii, in Poems 14 They gang as saucy by poor folk, As I wad by a stinkan brock.
2010 J. E. Valent Catching Moondrops xi. 184 Gemma Teague! If that ain't the first time I ever heard you talk saucy.
Phrases
† In collocation with malapert for emphasis, typically in saucy and malapert: very insolent or presumptuous. Cf. sauce malapert n. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1529 J. Skelton Agaynst Scottes in Certayne Bks. (?1545) sig. B Your Sumner to saucy to malapert.
1541 T. Paynell tr. Felicius Conspiracie of Catiline sig. Sv There is no slaue, whose seruile condition is any thyng tollerable, whiche doth not vtterly abhore the saucy and malapert boldnes of our citisins [L. qui non audaciam ciuium perhorrescat].
1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law i. Introd. 7 Comparisons wer of al things most saucy and malepert.
1718 J. Strype Life J. Whitgift iii. xxii. 305 His saucy and malapert Behaviour towards him.
Compounds
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [noun] > impudent person
bolda1400
capron hardya1477
malaperta1529
jackanapes1534
past-shame1553
saucea1556
saucy-face1566
outfacer1579
impudent1586
Jack sauce?1590
brazen-face1602
impertinence1611
impertinent1612
insolency1613
insolenta1616
brass-face1647
flapsea1652
impudence1671
bold-face1692
ironface1697
Corinthian1699
scandal-proof1699
saucy-box1702
busker1728
insolence1740
effronterist1776
pert1785
nash-gab1816
card1853
pawk1855
sass-box1856
a one1880
cockapert1881
1702 R. Steele Funeral iii. 45 Could not you say when he Kisse me, sure sawcy-box dat's meat for your Master.
1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 21 Nov. (1948) I. 418 Well; but I won't answer your letter now, sirrah saucy boxes, no, no; not yet.
1901 Bathurst (New S. Wales) Free Press 29 Apr. ‘We like the warmth and sunshine, my mother, do we not?’ and Rosie suddenly pressed her lips on Mrs. Ellerton's cheek. ‘Yes, saucy-box. Go and sit down. What a tease it is!’
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pride > impudence > [noun] > impudent person
bolda1400
capron hardya1477
malaperta1529
jackanapes1534
past-shame1553
saucea1556
saucy-face1566
outfacer1579
impudent1586
Jack sauce?1590
brazen-face1602
impertinence1611
impertinent1612
insolency1613
insolenta1616
brass-face1647
flapsea1652
impudence1671
bold-face1692
ironface1697
Corinthian1699
scandal-proof1699
saucy-box1702
busker1728
insolence1740
effronterist1776
pert1785
nash-gab1816
card1853
pawk1855
sass-box1856
a one1880
cockapert1881
1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Agamemnon v. iiii. sig. G.iii O Thou thy mothers enimie, vngracious saucy face, After what sorte dost thou a maid appere in publyque place?
1684 T. Otway Atheist iii. 22 Robb'd, Sir! No, Mr. Saucy-face.
1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxxi. 247 Come, Sawcy-face, give me another Glass of Wine.
1748 S. Richardson Clarissa IV. xxi. 96 For why? The dear saucy-face knows not how to help herself.
ΚΠ
?1553 Respublica (1952) i. iii. 7 Whoo buzzeth in myne eare so? what? ye sawecye Iacke?
1838 J. P. Kennedy Rob of Bowl I. x. 117 ‘You are a saucy Jack, Master Captain,’ replied the dame.
saucy-looking adj. of saucy appearance; smart, stylish, attractive; (now) esp. having a sexy or sexually suggestive appearance.
ΚΠ
1798 J. Baillie Tryal i. i, in Series Plays Stronger Passions I. 195 Nay, dont lay the fault upon the wig, good sir, for it is as youthful, and as sly, and as saucy looking as the best head of hair in the county.
1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair li. 458 Becky laughed; gay, and saucy looking.
1858 H. Bateman Belgium 19 Green tunics, saucy-looking hats with cockades and feathers, rifles and swords, and marching and music.
2011 Age (Melbourne) (Nexis) 22 Oct. (Life & Style section) 8 A saucy-looking '50s pin-up girl.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).
† saucyadj.2
Obsolete.
Affected by saucefleme n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > suppuration > [adjective] > abscess > boil > affected with
sauceflemec1386
sauceflemeda1450
sauceline1537
boily1559
carbuncled1569
saucy1600
bubukled1822
carbunculated1842
carbunculate1854
carbuncly1922
1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. lxxiii. 604 This virgins milke is good to heale..saucie and red faces [Fr. goutte roses & taches rouges du visage].
1623 G. Markham Countrey Contentments, or Eng. Huswife (new ed.) 20 For a pympled or a red-saucy face.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2021).
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adj.1adv.1511
adj.21600