† birden.

Forms:

α. Old English geberd (rare), Old English gebird (rare), Old English gebryd- (in compounds), Old English gebryrd- (in compounds, perhaps transmission error), Old English geburde (dative, in print of lost MS), Old English gebyr- (in compounds, before d or t), Old English gebyrd, Old English gebyrdo, early Middle English geberde- (in compounds), early Middle English gebyrd- (in compounds), early Middle English ȝebird- (inflected form), early Middle English ȝebyrd- (in compounds), early Middle English ibyrd- (in compounds).

β. Old English byrd, Old English (rare)–Middle English bird, early Middle English birde, early Middle English bur- (in compounds, before t), early Middle English burd- (in compounds), early Middle English burde, early Middle English buyr- (in compounds, before t), early Middle English byr- (in compounds, before t), Middle English brid (northern), Middle English bure- (in compounds, before t), Middle English byrde, late Middle English bryd (in sense 2). Some of the early Middle English compound forms without a dental consonant could alternatively be interpreted as showing birth n.¹; compare discussion at birth time n.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: In α. forms cognate with Old Frisian berthe , berde , Middle Dutch geboorde , geboorte , geboerte , geboort (Dutch geboorte ), Old Saxon giburd (Middle Low German gebōrt , bōrt ), Old High German giburt (Middle High German geburt , German Geburt ), Old Icelandic burðr , byrð , Old Swedish byrþ (Swedish börd ), Old Danish byrth , burth (Danish byrd ), Gothic gabaurþs , in a range of senses ‘birth, fetus, offspring, lineage, social status determined by lineage’ < a prefixed Germanic form (compare y- prefix) of an Indo-European base that is either identical to or formed similarly to those shown by Sanskrit bhṛti sustenance, classical Latin fort- , fors chance, luck, Armenian bard pile, heap, and also (perhaps with different suffixes) Early Irish breth , brith act of carrying, birth, judgement, Welsh bryd mind, intent, aim, ultimately < the same Indo-European base as bear v.¹ In β. forms apparently at least partly shortened < the α. forms.In West Germanic the original formation was probably prefixed. The unprefixed β. forms are significantly less frequent in Old English and not attested before the late 10th cent. Quot. OE at sense 1β. probably shows loss of the prefix when the word is the second element in a compound (in verse), which could reflect a type of formation inherited from West Germanic (compare also Old English misbyrd : see misbirth n.). Otherwise the β. forms are more likely to show shortening within English than to reflect an unprefixed formation inherited from West Germanic. Compare Old High German burt , which may similarly represent a shortening of an original prefixed form. (The prefix is lost regularly in Old Frisian and early Scandinavian.) Some early Middle English β. forms could alternatively show scribal variants of birth n.¹ Attested slightly later in sense 1 in the early Middle English compound birdetime : see quot. a1300 at birth time n. and compare also the etymological note on compounds at birth n.¹ The later instances in sense 2 (in the β. forms) are difficult to distinguish from bird n. 9, 13, with which the sense may have merged. (Compare also burd n.)

Obsolete.

1. The fact of being born; = birth n.¹ 1a. Also: the action or process of bearing offspring; = birth n.¹ 4a.In quot. OE at β. in the Old English compounds lætbyrd late or slow birth, lambyrd lame or malformed birth.Recorded later in birdetime (see discussion at birth time n.).

ΘΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > [noun]

birdeOE

birtha1200

i-borenessc1225

bearingc1275

nativityc1375

progressionc1385

gettingc1480

natality1483

naissance1490

falling1533–4

nascence1570

natitial1612

progermination1648

happy event1737

engendure1821

arrival1830

birthhood1867

interesting event1899

α.

OE Crist I 65 Nimeð eard in þe, swa hit ær gefyrn witgan wisfæste wordum sægdon, cyðdon Cristes gebyrd, cwædon þe to frofre, burga betlicast.

lOE tr. Alcuin De Virtutibus et Vitiis (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 93 Æðelre is seo gastlice gebyrd [sc. baptism], þone se flæsclice.

β. OE Metrical Charm: For Delayed Birth (Harl. 585) 4 Þis me to bote þære laþan lætbyrde.., þis me to bote þære laðan lambyrde.lOE Ælfric Gram. (Trin. Cambr. R.9.17) 81 Partus, byrd [OE St. John's Oxf. geeacnung].?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 124 Þach þe engel gabriel hefde his burde [a1250 Titus burðe] iboked.

2. A child; offspring.In quot. lOE at α. in singular in collective sense.For discussion of β. forms see etymological note.

α.

OE Blickling Homilies 161 Se Hælende Drihten Crist be þyssum Iohanne gecwæþ, þæt næfre betuh wifa gebyrdum nænig mærra ne sylra geboren nære.

lOE Canterbury Psalter cviii. 13 Fiant nati eius in interitu : sie gebyrd his on forwirþ.

β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 20281 He þat I bare, þat blisful bird [Vesp. brid, Trin. Cambr. birþe; c1460 Laud breth].a1450 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 32 Rede ros with-owten thorne, Þat byrde þou bare, þe Prince of pes.a1475 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 50 With-in thy bowelys thow bare a bryd.

3. Lineage; descent. Cf. birth n.¹ 2.In Old English also in plural in same sense.

ΘΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > stock, race, or family > [noun]

kinc825

strindc900

maegtheOE

i-cundeeOE

birdeOE

houseOE

kindOE

kindreda1225

bloodc1300

strainc1330

lineage?a1366

generationa1382

progenya1382

stock1382

nationc1395

tribec1400

ligneea1450

lifec1450

family1474

prosapy?a1475

parentage1490

stirpc1503

pedigree1532

racea1547

stem?c1550

breed1596

progenies1673

familia1842

uji1876

α.

OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Cambr.) ii. vii. 406 Ða feng æfter him Ine to Westseaxena rice, se wæs eac of ðære cynelican gebyrdo [eOE Tanner strynde; L. de stirpe regia].

OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 12 Ne sie fram abbode hada toscead on mynstre gehealden, þæt is ne sy nan fram him geweorðad for gebyrdum [a1225 Winteney ȝebirdum] oðþe for ylde oþþe for ænigum oþrum þingum.

lOE Coming of Antichrist in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 67 He byð on mænnisscre gebyrde Antichristus genæmnod.

β. OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) xii. 18 Gemildsa me nacodum.., næs na of earmlicum birdum geborenum [L. non humilibus natalibus genito].lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 85 His dohtra..wæron of æþele byrde gecuman.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8358 Farr till issraæless land Inn till þin aȝhenn birde.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2052 An. þatt wass off hire kinn & all off hire birde.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	birde
释义	† birden. Forms: α. Old English geberd (rare), Old English gebird (rare), Old English gebryd- (in compounds), Old English gebryrd- (in compounds, perhaps transmission error), Old English geburde (dative, in print of lost MS), Old English gebyr- (in compounds, before d or t), Old English gebyrd, Old English gebyrdo, early Middle English geberde- (in compounds), early Middle English gebyrd- (in compounds), early Middle English ȝebird- (inflected form), early Middle English ȝebyrd- (in compounds), early Middle English ibyrd- (in compounds). β. Old English byrd, Old English (rare)–Middle English bird, early Middle English birde, early Middle English bur- (in compounds, before t), early Middle English burd- (in compounds), early Middle English burde, early Middle English buyr- (in compounds, before t), early Middle English byr- (in compounds, before t), Middle English brid (northern), Middle English bure- (in compounds, before t), Middle English byrde, late Middle English bryd (in sense 2). Some of the early Middle English compound forms without a dental consonant could alternatively be interpreted as showing birth n.¹; compare discussion at birth time n. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: In α. forms cognate with Old Frisian berthe , berde , Middle Dutch geboorde , geboorte , geboerte , geboort (Dutch geboorte ), Old Saxon giburd (Middle Low German gebōrt , bōrt ), Old High German giburt (Middle High German geburt , German Geburt ), Old Icelandic burðr , byrð , Old Swedish byrþ (Swedish börd ), Old Danish byrth , burth (Danish byrd ), Gothic gabaurþs , in a range of senses ‘birth, fetus, offspring, lineage, social status determined by lineage’ < a prefixed Germanic form (compare y- prefix) of an Indo-European base that is either identical to or formed similarly to those shown by Sanskrit bhṛti sustenance, classical Latin fort- , fors chance, luck, Armenian bard pile, heap, and also (perhaps with different suffixes) Early Irish breth , brith act of carrying, birth, judgement, Welsh bryd mind, intent, aim, ultimately < the same Indo-European base as bear v.¹ In β. forms apparently at least partly shortened < the α. forms.In West Germanic the original formation was probably prefixed. The unprefixed β. forms are significantly less frequent in Old English and not attested before the late 10th cent. Quot. OE at sense 1β. probably shows loss of the prefix when the word is the second element in a compound (in verse), which could reflect a type of formation inherited from West Germanic (compare also Old English misbyrd : see misbirth n.). Otherwise the β. forms are more likely to show shortening within English than to reflect an unprefixed formation inherited from West Germanic. Compare Old High German burt , which may similarly represent a shortening of an original prefixed form. (The prefix is lost regularly in Old Frisian and early Scandinavian.) Some early Middle English β. forms could alternatively show scribal variants of birth n.¹ Attested slightly later in sense 1 in the early Middle English compound birdetime : see quot. a1300 at birth time n. and compare also the etymological note on compounds at birth n.¹ The later instances in sense 2 (in the β. forms) are difficult to distinguish from bird n. 9, 13, with which the sense may have merged. (Compare also burd n.) Obsolete. 1. The fact of being born; = birth n.¹ 1a. Also: the action or process of bearing offspring; = birth n.¹ 4a.In quot. OE at β. in the Old English compounds lætbyrd late or slow birth, lambyrd lame or malformed birth.Recorded later in birdetime (see discussion at birth time n.). ΘΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > birth > [noun] birdeOE birtha1200 i-borenessc1225 bearingc1275 nativityc1375 progressionc1385 gettingc1480 natality1483 naissance1490 falling1533–4 nascence1570 natitial1612 progermination1648 happy event1737 engendure1821 arrival1830 birthhood1867 interesting event1899 α. OE Crist I 65 Nimeð eard in þe, swa hit ær gefyrn witgan wisfæste wordum sægdon, cyðdon Cristes gebyrd, cwædon þe to frofre, burga betlicast. lOE tr. Alcuin De Virtutibus et Vitiis (Vesp.) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 93 Æðelre is seo gastlice gebyrd [sc. baptism], þone se flæsclice. β. OE Metrical Charm: For Delayed Birth (Harl. 585) 4 Þis me to bote þære laþan lætbyrde.., þis me to bote þære laðan lambyrde.lOE Ælfric Gram. (Trin. Cambr. R.9.17) 81 Partus, byrd [OE St. John's Oxf. geeacnung].?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 124 Þach þe engel gabriel hefde his burde [a1250 Titus burðe] iboked. 2. A child; offspring.In quot. lOE at α. in singular in collective sense.For discussion of β. forms see etymological note. Π α. OE Blickling Homilies 161 Se Hælende Drihten Crist be þyssum Iohanne gecwæþ, þæt næfre betuh wifa gebyrdum nænig mærra ne sylra geboren nære. lOE Canterbury Psalter cviii. 13 Fiant nati eius in interitu : sie gebyrd his on forwirþ. β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 20281 He þat I bare, þat blisful bird [Vesp. brid, Trin. Cambr. birþe; c1460 Laud breth].a1450 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 32 Rede ros with-owten thorne, Þat byrde þou bare, þe Prince of pes.a1475 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 50 With-in thy bowelys thow bare a bryd. 3. Lineage; descent. Cf. birth n.¹ 2.In Old English also in plural in same sense. ΘΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinship group > stock, race, or family > [noun] kinc825 strindc900 maegtheOE i-cundeeOE birdeOE houseOE kindOE kindreda1225 bloodc1300 strainc1330 lineage?a1366 generationa1382 progenya1382 stock1382 nationc1395 tribec1400 ligneea1450 lifec1450 family1474 prosapy?a1475 parentage1490 stirpc1503 pedigree1532 racea1547 stem?c1550 breed1596 progenies1673 familia1842 uji1876 α. OE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Corpus Cambr.) ii. vii. 406 Ða feng æfter him Ine to Westseaxena rice, se wæs eac of ðære cynelican gebyrdo [eOE Tanner strynde; L. de stirpe regia]. OE Rule St. Benet (Corpus Cambr.) ii. 12 Ne sie fram abbode hada toscead on mynstre gehealden, þæt is ne sy nan fram him geweorðad for gebyrdum [a1225 Winteney ȝebirdum] oðþe for ylde oþþe for ænigum oþrum þingum. lOE Coming of Antichrist in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 67 He byð on mænnisscre gebyrde Antichristus genæmnod. β. OE tr. Apollonius of Tyre (1958) xii. 18 Gemildsa me nacodum.., næs na of earmlicum birdum geborenum [L. non humilibus natalibus genito].lOE St. Nicholas (Corpus Cambr.) (1997) 85 His dohtra..wæron of æþele byrde gecuman.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8358 Farr till issraæless land Inn till þin aȝhenn birde.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 2052 An. þatt wass off hire kinn & all off hire birde. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.OE
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