adjunctadj.n.
/ˈadʒʌŋ(k)t/, U.S. /ˈæˌdʒəŋ(k)t/ A. adj.
1. Associated, connected; joined, added; subordinate, supplementary.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > [adjective] > associated
adjunct1516
annexed1555
accompanied1659
attached1752
associated1830
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [adjective] > relating to an adjunct
adjunctive1668
adjunct1870
1516 in M. Livingstone Reg. Secreti Sigilli Regum Scotorum (1908) I. 441/2 That ȝe obey to..dene Thomas Fasyntoun with his adjunct abbot or monk in all thingis.
1580 T. Twyne Short & Pithie Disc. Earthquakes sig. Bv Another adiunct token likewise, which is the darkening of the Sunne, without any cloude, or Eclipse at the instant of the Earthquake, was euident to be discerned.
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets xci. sig. F3v Euery humor hath his adiunct pleasure. View more context for this quotation
1661 A. Burgess Expository Comment 1st Chap. 2 Cor. 527 That will prove true, and every thing contrary to it a lie: and then the adjunct property, holy.
1755 B. Willis Hist. & Antiq. Buckingham 237 Mersh, or Marsh Gibwen, Derives its Name from its Situation in a marshy Place. The Adjunct Name of Gibwen being from an Owner or Proprietor of Lands here.
1768 J. Cleland Specimen Etimol. Vocab. Antient Celtic 134 A Lech differs from a Cromlech, in that it means the top-stone of a Cromlech..whereas Cromlech expresses its adjunct stones and circle underneath it.
1827 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 35 191 Underived as it is from any parent or adjunct dialect.
1870 F. C. Bowen Logic v. 144 Whether the adjunct word or clause is to be considered as Explicative or Limitative.
1920 Conquest May 333/3 The ordinary loom will weave plain cloth, but it requires the cleverly designed adjunct apparatus, the faceguard, to produce the raised adornment of damask.
1998 M. Hulse tr. W. G. Sebald Rings of Saturn iii. 64 The estate and all its adjunct properties was bought at auction by a Dutchman last autumn.
2. U.S. Education. Designating a junior, temporary, or casual academic position. Chiefly in Adjunct Professor.
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1785 Monthly Rev. Nov. 49 By N. Landerbeck, Adjunct Professor of Mathematics at Upsal.
1826 Catal. Univ. Cambr. (Mass.) 6 John W. Webster, M.D., Adjunct Erving Professor of Chemistry.
1897 Univ. Virginia Alumni Bull. May 20/2 The Medical Department was enlarged by the appointment of an Adjunct Professor of Pathology and Hygiene.
1931 W. G. McAdoo Crowded Years ii. 24 My father was invited to Knoxville as Adjunct Professor of History and English in the University of Tennessee.
1986 D. Leavitt Lost Lang. Cranes (1987) 85 His dissertation..won him..an adjunct position at a small women's college.
2004 Nation 5 Apr. 24/1 Demonstrators..calling on the New School to ‘Quit Mickey Mousing Around’ and recognize the right of adjunct faculty members to form a union.
B. n.
1.
a. A person joined or associated with another; an assistant; a subordinate. In quot. 1728 spec.: a title for an unpensioned member of the Royal Academy of Sciences in Paris, 1699–1793 (now historical).
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society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a companion or associate > [noun] > colleague or fellow-worker
fellowOE
consort1419
confrerec1425
companionc1523
labour-fellow1526
yokefellow1526
colleaguea1533
associate1533
adjunct1554
yokemate1567
colleagen1579
co-agenta1600
co-operatora1600
collateralc1600
co-workman1619
co-workera1643
partner1660
co-operatrix1674
co-agitator1683
co-adjoint1689
adjoint1738
side-partner1845
co-operatress1865
maugh1868
with-worker1884
1554 J. Proctor Hist. Wyates Rebellion sig. F.vv The traytours wyth their newe adiunctes, fell to a great and solemne counsel that same nyghte at Rochester.
a1639 H. Wotton Parallel betweene Earle of Essex & Duke of Buckingham (1641) 2 He made him the associate of his heire apparant, together with the now Lord Cottington, (as an adjunct of singular experience and trust) in forraine travailes.
1648 Kingdomes Weekly Intelligencer No. 281. 1120 Sir John Cheisly is on his way from Scotland to the Parliament of England, and hath an Adjunct a Reverent Divine, with him.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Academy A new Class of twelve Adjuncts, to the six several Kinds of Sciences cultivated by the Academy.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. Adjuncts of the gods..were a kind of inferior deities..To Mars was adjoined Bellona and Nemesis.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. xiii. 338 Said his unexpected adjunct.
1877 Monthly Packet 24 373 This employment of Colleagues, or rather Adjuncts, in the duties of the office.
1918 B. Tarkington Magnificent Ambersons iv. 53 He had no perception of her other than as an adjunct.
1952 R. Ellison Invisible Man v. 100 His old campaigner, his loyal champion, his adjunct.
1979 J. C. Oates Unholy Loves (1980) iii. 203 They are merely young wives, adjuncts to their husbands.
1998 N.Y. Times 7 May b17/1 She hired a doula, a person who is trained to work as an adjunct to doctors and midwives.
b. U.S. Education. An academic occupying a junior, temporary, or casual position of employment. See sense A. 2.
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1833 Baltimore Med. & Surg. Jrnl. & Rev. 1 510 The faculty is composed of twenty-four professors, to whom are added an equal number of adjuncts.
1876 D. C. Gilman Univ. Probl. (1898) 29 Promoting them because of their merit to successive posts, as scholars, fellows, assistants, adjuncts, professors, and university professors.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 99/2 Besides the professors, there are four pensioned adjuncts, who are present at the meetings of the society, and succeed to the first vacancies.
1997 New Republic 22 Sept. 29/2 An increasing proportion of undergraduate teaching is done by adjuncts and assistants of various kinds.
2.
a. Something which is joined or connected to something else and auxiliary to or dependent upon it; something subordinate or supplementary.
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1566 R. Horne Answeare M. J. Fekenham f. 109 This adiunct will not serue your turne, for it is not possible to stretche it without burstinge.
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost iv. iii. 293 + 19 Learning is but an adiunct to our selfe, And where we are, our Learning likewise is.
1612 S. Sturtevant Metallica x. 76 A printing Presse hath..his adiuncts belonging to it, as the Inck and the Inck-bals.
a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1683) II. 134 His folly arises from worse causes, hath worse adjuncts, produceth worse effects.
1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. iii. viii. 407 Other articles of the Christian faith..are only the adjuncts and circumstances of this.
1846 G. Grote Hist. Greece II. ii. iii. 373 Each with its cluster of dependent towns as adjuncts.
1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xvi. 369 The king..confirms the charters with their adjuncts.
1925 E. A. Powell Beyond Utmost Purple Rim xi. 273 Saddle-bags of leather or waterproof canvas are useful adjuncts.
1989 Accountancy June 68/2 Popular adjuncts to a policy are additional life cover or premium waiver during sickness.
2006 R. Kagan Dangerous Nation (2007) vii. 214 British naval power was a necessary adjunct to commerce in the civilizing mission.
b. Logic. Something added to the essence of a thing; an accompanying quality, property, or circumstance; a non-essential attribute.
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the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical proposition > [noun] > attribute > accident
accident1395
accidencea1475
inseparable quality1551
show1560
adjunct1581
1581 T. Rogers tr. N. Hemmingsen Faith of Church Militant xlii. 372 Neither do I meane, that the Word simplie is a step vnto blessednes, but with an adiunct, namelie when it is beleeued.
1588 A. Fraunce Lawiers Logike i. ii. f. 5v Who thinke that Judgement is not any severall part of Logike, but rather an adjunct or propertie generally incident to the whole Art.
1620 T. Granger Syntagma Logicum 59 The receptacle of adjuncts inherent..ingendred naturally, infusedly, habitually in it.
1628 T. Spencer Art of Logick 57 An adiunct is that to which something is subiected, and whatsoever doth externally belong, or happen to any subiect.
1704 J. Swift Tale of Tub ix. 171 All its Properties and Adjuncts, will herd under this short Definition.
1725 I. Watts Logick iii. iv. 492 Consider its Causes, Effects, Consequences, Adjuncts, Opposites, Signs, &c. so far as is needful to your present Purpose.
1775 J. Priestley Hartley's Theory of Human Mind iv. 309 The connexion between the adjuncts of pain, and the actual infliction of it, has not yet been sufficiently broken by experience, as in adults.
1833 I. Taylor Fanaticism iii. 60 The one species of ardent emotion differs from the other more in adjuncts and objects, than in innate quality or character.
1847 A. D. Morgan Formal Logic xii. 232 Adjunct was the technical term for that which is in the subject.
1908 W. R. B. Gibson Probl. Logic xlv. 419 The Method of Agreement is..depressed to the level of a mere preliminary or adjunct to the Method of Difference.
1997 S. H. Phillips Classical Indian Metaphysics iii. 104 The adjunct of the distinctness relation is taken to be a property.
c. An additional personal quality or characteristic. Now rare.
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the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] > enhancing part of character
adjunct1596
1596 C. Fitzgeffry Sir Francis Drake sig. F1 Victorious, vent'rous, vertuous, valorous, Eternall adiunctes to that noble kinde, By natures secret influence assign'd.
1610 J. Healey tr. J. L. Vives in tr. St. Augustine Citie of God ix. iv. 342 The midlemost, are diuine, and happy adiuncts of the wise man onely.
1641 Naunton's Fragmenta Regalia (new ed.) 25 Sir Iohn Perrot was a goodly Gentleman, and of the sword..and to these adjuncts, he had the endowments of courage [etc.].
1732 Gentleman's Mag. July 843/1 I am so far from allowing Fear to be vicious, or a Defect in Nature, that I look upon it as virtuous, and implanted in us by the Almighty as a necessary Adjunct.
1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) iv. i. 99 There Youth, which needed not, nor thought of such Vain adjuncts, lavish'd its true bloom, and health.
1876 J. Schulte Rom. Catholicism iii. ii. 226 Whatever powers the Lord conferred on St. Peter were grounded on personal merits or graces;..they were characterized by personal adjuncts.
1914 F. Swinnerton R. L. Stevenson (1915) ix. 207 Charm as an adjunct is very well; charm as an asset is of less significance.
2003 R. Cockcroft Rhetorical Affect in Early Mod. Writing ii. 79 The vision of Faith, Hope..and chastity..which she conjures inwardly, gives outward form to the virtuous adjuncts of her soul.
3.
a. Grammar.
(a) A word or group of words amplifying or modifying the meaning of another word or group of words in a sentence. In later use: spec. a non-essential clause or adverbial.
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the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > adjunct or adverbial
adverbial1582
adjunct1588
adverbal1960
1588 A. Fraunce Arcadian Rhetorike i. ii. sig. A3 Metonymia is a trope which vseth the name of one thing for the name of another that agreeth with it, as when the cause is turned to signifie the thing caused, the thing caused to signifie the cause, the subiect to expres the adiunct, or the adiunct the subiect.
?1589 T. Nashe Almond for Parrat sig. 5 His auncient burlibond adiunctes, that so pester his former edition with their vnweldie phrase.
1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 4 By times we are to understand things done in those times, by a metonimy of the adjunct.
1731 J. Trapp in tr. Virgil Wks. I. 11 (note) Aristas, by a Metonymy of the Adjunct, for Harvests; and Those by a Synecdoche, for Years.
1751 Chambers's Cycl. (ed. 7) Adjuncts, in rhetoric and grammar, are certain words or things added to others; to amplify the discourse or augment its force.
1809 Ann. Rev. 7 323/1 A good writer will not separate the article too far from its adjunct.
1858 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. 97 This adverbial relation may be sustained... By a substantive (accompanied by some attributive adjunct) in the nominative absolute; as ‘The sun having risen, we commenced our journey’.
1881 C. P. Mason Eng. Gram. 149 The basis and type of the Adverbial Adjunct is a substantive in an oblique case, used to limit or define the signification of a verb or adjective.
1961 R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts xx. 471 No comma is used after pre-subject adjunct clauses functioning as clause markers in assertives.
1990 Internat. Rev. Appl. Linguistics 28 69 Modifiers are central to the verb's valency; Adjuncts are peripheral.
(b) O. Jespersen's term for: a word or group of words of secondary importance in a phrase or sentence. Cf. primary n. 9, subjunct n.
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the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > word or phrase of specific rank or importance
quaternary1899
adjunct1914
subjunct1914
adnex1924
primary1924
secondary1924
tertiary1924
focus1966
1914 O. Jespersen Mod. Eng. Gram. II. i. 2 In the combination extremely hot weather..hot, which defines weather, is a secondary word or an adjunct.
1924 O. Jespersen Philos. Gram. vii. 98 Other examples of substantives as adjuncts are women writers, a queen bee, boy messengers, and (why not?) Captain Smith.
1935 W. F. Leopold in Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 34 415 The ‘principals’, ‘adjuncts’, and ‘subjuncts’ of his [sc. Jespersen's] Modern English Grammar have now given way to the simpler and more mechanical terms ‘primary’, ‘secondary’, and ‘tertiary’.
2000 I. de Mönnink On Move i. 7 Jespersen..divides the words of the sentence into three classes: primary words (or: principals) for the main sentence elements; secondary words (or: adjuncts) for the modifiers of principals; and tertiary words (or: subjuncts) for the modifiers of adjuncts.
b. A qualifying addition to a word or name; an adjective or adjectival unit.
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the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > nickname or additional name
to-namec950
eke-name1303
surnamec1330
bynamec1374
nickname1440
addition1472
epitheton1570
by-term1579
epithet1579
agnomination1590
adjunct1598
apathaton1598
byword1598
nurse-name1605
familiar name1611
suradditiona1616
sobriquet1646
agname1652
last name1695
agnomen1809
cognomen1811
soubriquet1818
nickery1823
handle1838
cognomination1843
moniker1851
eponym1863
adname1890
tag1961
1598 J. Norden Speculum Brit.: Hartfordshire 21 Called Pelhamarsa, burnt Pelham, some fragmentes doe yet appeare of the foundations of sundry buildinges, which were consumd by that fire, wherof it taketh the adiuncte arsa.
1607 J. Norden Surueyors Dialogue 76 If a man should aske a Scholler..what adiunct he would giue vnto a man, dwelling in a Country village or house: hee would say hee were Villanus or Villaticus.
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura i. 9 The French call it [sc. etching] in particular Taille douce... The Italians, Intaglia, or stamp, without Adjunct.
1720 A. Collins Baronettage of Eng. II. 69 For Distinction of other synonimous Places, it had the Adjunct of Le Vicomte.
1787 J. Ferrar Hist. Limerick 389 The Sirname with the adjunct O, or Mac, was assumed only by the chief of the name.
1822 E. Coles Let. 10 Dec. in W. N. Blane Excursion through U.S. & Canada (1824) xiii. 263 ‘His Excellency’, an aristocratical and high sounding adjunct..has become too too common among us.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Deary, an adjunct to little and equivalent to very; ‘This is a deary little bit’.
1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 534 Almost always coupled with one of its geographical adjuncts ‘West,’ ‘East,’ or ‘South’.
1910 Encycl. Brit. II. 731/2 Ashby-de-la-Zouch..passed by female descent to the family of la Zouch, when it derived the adjunct to its name.
1995 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 16 Feb. 9/2 Rushdie is perceived as a master-practitioner of ‘magic realism’, as if ‘magic’ were a go-faster adjunct to the trite.
4. Medicine. A treatment, drug, etc., used to supplement or complement another. Cf. adjuvant n. 2.
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1756 E. Gilchrist Use Sea Voy. in Med. p. x It [sc. living at sea] may be safely employed as a powerful adjunct at least, if not solely sufficient, in the cure of some very obstinate..distempers.
1839 J. Pereira Elements Materia Medica I. 367 It is frequently used as an adjunct to the compound infusion of senna, whose purgative effect it promotes, but whose griping tendency it is said to check.
1885 J. Ross Handbk. Dis. Nerv. Syst. ii. ix. 537 Hydrotherapeutics, as carried out in well-conducted hydropathic establishments, is a very useful adjunct in the treatment of many cases of tabes.
1932 Times 23 Mar. 19/5 Deep therapy was rapidly being developed as an adjunct to radium treatment.
2002 Guardian 27 Aug. ii. 7/5 Eldepryl, an adjunct to L-dopa in the treatment of Parkinson's, seems to help deal with impotence.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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