scavagen.

/ˈskavɪdʒ/

Forms: Also Middle English scawage, Middle English–1500s skewage, 1500s skawage, skavag(e, 1600s scavadge.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman scawage, schawage ( Rolls of Parl. an. 1402), = North-Eastern Old French escauwage , < escauwer to inspect, < Flemish scauwen = Old English scéawian show v.The Old English synonym was scéawung (see showing n.), the Middle English form of which was adopted into Anglo-Norman as scawenge (1419 in Liber Albus 223). In the 15th cent. lawyers were aware of the etymological meaning, and invented the word shewage n. as an explanatory synonym.

1. A toll formerly levied by the mayor, sheriff, or corporation of London and other towns on merchant strangers, on goods offered for sale within their precincts. The toll was prohibited by Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 8. Also attributive. Obsolete exc. Historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > on goods brought into a town

skewing1312

scavage1444

shewage1500

octroi1714

1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 68/1 Thei pay Skewage for the same merchaundises atte Suthampton.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vii. 139 And by the purse ben signefyed them that reseyue the costumes, tolles, scawage, peages, and duetes of the cytees & townes.

1502 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 90 He was Skavage gatherer in London, both to the maire and Shreves there.

1502 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 92 There was skavage askyd by oone James skavage gatherer then of oone Skrevener Freman of Excestre for cloth bi him brought to London by water, and he refusid to pay it.

1503 Rolls of Parl. VI. 550/2 An Act concerning Skavage or Skewage.

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxiiij^v/2 (heading) The marchaundises wherof scauage ought to [be] taken in london, and how myche.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxvi This yere the Cytezyns had graunted of y^e Kyng y^t no Cytezyns shulde paye Scauage or Tolle for any bestis by them brought, as they before tymes had vsed.

1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 8 §4 The tables so to be sette upp in the Cytie of London touchynge Scavage.

1582 Rates Custome House (new ed.) sig. Giij (heading) Scauadge.

1641 W. Hakewill Libertie of Subj. 123 There are other duties then Customes and Subsidies due upon the landing of wares; for example Wharfage, Cranage, Scavage and such like.

1676 C. Molloy De Jure Maritimo (1688) ii. xiv. 325 Scavage is an ancient Toll or Custom exacted by Mayors, Sheriffs, &c. of Merchant-Strangers for Wares shewed or offered to sale within their Precincts.

1800 P. Colquhoun Treat. Commerce & Police R. Thames xi. 332 Of Scavage (i.e. Shewage or Surveying) of certain Goods imported by Foreign Merchants.

†2. The fulfilment of the duties of a scavager.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning streets > [noun]

scavage1547

scavengery1656

scavengering1841

scavagery1851

scavenging1851

scavenage1878

scavenge1912

1547 in E. B. Jupp Carpenters' Co. (1887) 386 Item payd to the skavynger for hys hole yeres skavag,..ij⁸.

†3. Refuse, etc. scavenged from the roads. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > dirt removed in cleaning > from streets

fulyie1538

scavage1706

scavenger-stuff1787

1706 in J. E. Cox Ann. St. Helen's Bishopsgate (1876) vii. 127 Mr. Chewter had leave to sink a place for laying in of dung or scavage.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

scavagev.

Etymology: Back-formation < scavager n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈscavage.

rare.

transitive. = scavenge v. Also intransitive for reflexive (figurative).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > clean [verb (transitive)]

yclense971

cleansea1000

farmOE

fayc1220

fowc1350

absterse?a1425

mundify?a1425

muck1429

to cast clean1522

absterge1526

sprinkle1526

reconcile1535

net1536

clengec1540

neat?1575

snuff?1575

rinse1595

deterge1623

scavengea1644

scavenger1645

decrott1653

reform1675

clean1681

deterse1684

fluxa1763

to clean away, offa1839

to clean down1839

scavage1851

untaint1855

to sand and canvas1912

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 259/1 The street-orderly system of scavaging the metropolitan thoroughfares.

1852 Meanderings of Memory I. 56 The brain will scavage and the breast unstuff.

Derivatives

ˈscavaging n.

ΚΠ

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 222/1 The scavaging work, moreover, was ‘scamped’.

1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 252/2 The general depreciation of wages in the scavaging trade.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

单词	scavage
释义	scavagen. /ˈskavɪdʒ/ Forms: Also Middle English scawage, Middle English–1500s skewage, 1500s skawage, skavag(e, 1600s scavadge. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman scawage, schawage ( Rolls of Parl. an. 1402), = North-Eastern Old French escauwage , < escauwer to inspect, < Flemish scauwen = Old English scéawian show v.The Old English synonym was scéawung (see showing n.), the Middle English form of which was adopted into Anglo-Norman as scawenge (1419 in Liber Albus 223). In the 15th cent. lawyers were aware of the etymological meaning, and invented the word shewage n. as an explanatory synonym. 1. A toll formerly levied by the mayor, sheriff, or corporation of London and other towns on merchant strangers, on goods offered for sale within their precincts. The toll was prohibited by Act 19 Hen. VII, c. 8. Also attributive. Obsolete exc. Historical. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > impost, due, or tax > duty on goods > [noun] > on goods brought into a town skewing1312 scavage1444 shewage1500 octroi1714 1444 Rolls of Parl. V. 68/1 Thei pay Skewage for the same merchaundises atte Suthampton. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iii. vii. 139 And by the purse ben signefyed them that reseyue the costumes, tolles, scawage, peages, and duetes of the cytees & townes. 1502 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 90 He was Skavage gatherer in London, both to the maire and Shreves there. 1502 in I. S. Leadam Select Cases Star Chamber (1903) I. 92 There was skavage askyd by oone James skavage gatherer then of oone Skrevener Freman of Excestre for cloth bi him brought to London by water, and he refusid to pay it. 1503 Rolls of Parl. VI. 550/2 An Act concerning Skavage or Skewage. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxxiiij^v/2 (heading) The marchaundises wherof scauage ought to [be] taken in london, and how myche. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxvi This yere the Cytezyns had graunted of y^e Kyng y^t no Cytezyns shulde paye Scauage or Tolle for any bestis by them brought, as they before tymes had vsed. 1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 8 §4 The tables so to be sette upp in the Cytie of London touchynge Scavage. 1582 Rates Custome House (new ed.) sig. Giij (heading) Scauadge. 1641 W. Hakewill Libertie of Subj. 123 There are other duties then Customes and Subsidies due upon the landing of wares; for example Wharfage, Cranage, Scavage and such like. 1676 C. Molloy De Jure Maritimo (1688) ii. xiv. 325 Scavage is an ancient Toll or Custom exacted by Mayors, Sheriffs, &c. of Merchant-Strangers for Wares shewed or offered to sale within their Precincts. 1800 P. Colquhoun Treat. Commerce & Police R. Thames xi. 332 Of Scavage (i.e. Shewage or Surveying) of certain Goods imported by Foreign Merchants. †2. The fulfilment of the duties of a scavager. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > cleaning streets > [noun] scavage1547 scavengery1656 scavengering1841 scavagery1851 scavenging1851 scavenage1878 scavenge1912 1547 in E. B. Jupp Carpenters' Co. (1887) 386 Item payd to the skavynger for hys hole yeres skavag,..ij⁸. †3. Refuse, etc. scavenged from the roads. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > dirt > [noun] > dirt removed in cleaning > from streets fulyie1538 scavage1706 scavenger-stuff1787 1706 in J. E. Cox Ann. St. Helen's Bishopsgate (1876) vii. 127 Mr. Chewter had leave to sink a place for laying in of dung or scavage. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online December 2020). scavagev. Etymology: Back-formation < scavager n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈscavage. rare. transitive. = scavenge v. Also intransitive for reflexive (figurative). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > clean [verb (transitive)] yclense971 cleansea1000 farmOE fayc1220 fowc1350 absterse?a1425 mundify?a1425 muck1429 to cast clean1522 absterge1526 sprinkle1526 reconcile1535 net1536 clengec1540 neat?1575 snuff?1575 rinse1595 deterge1623 scavengea1644 scavenger1645 decrott1653 reform1675 clean1681 deterse1684 fluxa1763 to clean away, offa1839 to clean down1839 scavage1851 untaint1855 to sand and canvas1912 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 259/1 The street-orderly system of scavaging the metropolitan thoroughfares. 1852 Meanderings of Memory I. 56 The brain will scavage and the breast unstuff. Derivatives ˈscavaging n. ΚΠ 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 222/1 The scavaging work, moreover, was ‘scamped’. 1851 H. Mayhew London Labour II. 252/2 The general depreciation of wages in the scavaging trade. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1910; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.1444v.1851
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