Scheinern.1
/ˈʃʌɪnə/ Used in the possessive and (formerly) with of to designate various concepts introduced by him.
a. Scheiner's experiment n. (also †experiment of Scheiner) Ophthalmology an experiment to demonstrate accommodation and the focusing ability of the eye in which when two objects are viewed in line through a pair of pinholes made close together in a card held near one eye, the object not in focus appears as a double image (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > tests > [noun] > tests for eye disorders
Scheiner's experiment1870
Holmgren's test1879
Ishihara test1924
Schirmer test1935
1870 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 60 414 In the number of this Journal for January, 1870, will be found a description of a test for ametropia, based on the experiment of Scheiner.
1886 C. M. Culver tr. Landolt's Refraction & Accomm. of Eye iii. 243 When one looks at a small object placed at a distance for which the eye is not adapted, through minute openings, the distance between which is less than the diameter of the pupil, the object appears multiple... This is known as Scheiner's experiment.
b. Scheiner's halo n. Astronomy a faintly luminous halo occasionally observed around the sun or moon at an angle of 23°–32°, due to refraction of light by pyramidal ice crystals in the upper atmosphere.
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the world > the universe > luminous appearance > [noun] > aureole
circlea1123
hale1440
brough1496
burrow1499
halo1563
shine1581
burr1631
broucha1657
glory1693
aureole1858
Scheiner's halo1983
1905 Compt. Rend. CXL. 1368 Qu'il me soit permis encore d'expliquer la tache irisée, semblable au sommet du halo ordinaire et distante du Soleil de 28°, qu'a vue et mesurée M. Besson. Elle était, sans doute, un fragment du halo de Scheiner.]
1983 Jrnl. Physical Chem. 87 4177/1 The second sighting of Scheiner's halo was made in 1677.
1987 Sci. Amer. May 51/2 Diamond-shaped ice gives rise to a rarely detected atmospheric phenomenon called Scheiner's halo.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1993; most recently modified version published online June 2018).
Scheinern.2
/ˈʃʌɪnə/ Photography.
Used, usually attributive, with reference to a way of measuring and expressing the speed of photographic emulsions devised by Scheiner, as Scheiner degree, Scheiner scale, Scheiner sensitometer, Scheiner speed, Scheiner system; Scheiner number n. a number depending on the logarithm of the least exposure that will give a visible image on development.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [adjective] > speed systems
Scheiner1900
Weston1933
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [noun] > filter factor or scale of exposure
exposure1839
time exposure1870
inertiac1886
latitude1889
factor1900
filter factor1904
inertia point1907
intermittency effect1907
Scheiner number1911
scale1920
1900 Astrophysical Jrnl. 11 91 In a simple experiment with the aid of Scheiner's sensitometer equal degrees of blackening were produced by continuous exposures of 96, 72, 48, 24, 12 secs.
1900 Astrophysical Jrnl. 11 98 Remarks on the Scheiner sensitometer.
1911 A. Watkins Photography (ed. 5) iii. 47 In the case of Wynne, Scheiner, and Warnerke numbers..there is not the same direct proportion between the numbers.
1911 A. Watkins Photography (ed. 5) Index 332 Scheiner speeds.
1918 J. R. Roebuck Sci. & Pract. of Photogr. 225 ‘n’ is the Scheiner degree and ‘A’ has the value in this case of about 4·4.
1936 Discovery June 192/2 The rating [of the exposure meter] agreeing more or less with the Scheiner system.
1938 S. G. B. Stubbs Mod. Encycl. Photogr. II. 1105/1 The so-called ‘Scheiner speeds’ quoted by Continental manufacturers are in reality not Scheiner speeds at all, as all ‘Scheiner’ measurements are now carried out by the Eder–Hecht method.
1942 C. B. Neblette Photogr. (ed. 4) xiii. 419 The ratio of the exposures between consecutive steps on the Scheiner sensitometer is as 1:1·27.
1962 C. B. Neblette Photogr. (ed. 6) xx. 267/1 The Scheiner speed number was obtained originally by exposing the negative material in a sensitometer with a sector wheel having exposure steps numbered from 1 to 20, with a log exposure difference of 0·15.
1962 C. B. Neblette Photogr. (ed. 6) xx. 267/2 In 1931, the German photographic industry replaced the then meaningless Scheiner numbers by a new German standard (DIN) speed.
1963 H. G. Jerrard & D. B. McNeill Dict. Sci. Units 106 The Scheiner scale was devised in 1898..and was first used commercially by the Secco Film Company of Boston, Mass. in 1899.
1973 Focal Dict. Photogr. Technol. 544 Scheiner speed was expressed in degrees, every increase of 3° corresponding to a doubling of the working speed.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1982; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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