self-willn.

Brit.

/ˌsɛlfˈwɪl/, U.S.

/ˌsɛlfˈwɪl/

Forms: see self- prefix and will n.¹

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Low German sülfwille high-handedness, arbitrariness, Old High German selbwillo , selpwillo , selpwelī free will, arbitrariness (compare German Selbstwille ), Old Icelandic sjálfvili free will (compare Old Swedish sialfsvili ) < the Germanic base of self- prefix + the Germanic base of will n.¹ Compare self-willes adv., self-will adj., and self-willy adj.With use in adverbial phrases in sense 1 compare Old High German (pī) selpwillin , Old Icelandic með (also at) sjálfvilja , all in sense ‘voluntarily, of one's own accord’. Compare also Old English sylfes willum of one's own accord (attested in verse). With sense 2 compare earlier own-will n. at own adj. and pron. Compounds 1.

†1. One's own desire, inclination, or opinion. Obsolete.In Old English only in adverbial phrases headed by a preposition, as by, on; cf. self-willes adv.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun]

willeOE

hearteOE

i-willc888

self-willeOE

intent?c1225

device1303

couragec1320

talentc1325

greec1330

voluntyc1330

fantasyc1374

likinga1375

disposingc1380

pleasancea1382

affectionc1390

wish1390

disposition1393

affecta1398

likea1400

lista1400

pleasingc1400

emplesance1424

pleasurec1425

well-willingc1443

notiona1450

mindc1450

fancy1465

empleseur1473

hest?a1513

plighta1535

inclination1541

cue1567

month's mind1580

disposedness1583

leaning1587

humour1595

wouldings1613

beneplacit1643

wouldingness1645

vergency1649

bene-placiture1662

good liking1690

draught1758

tida1774

inkling1787

eOE Metres of Boethius (transcript of damaged MS) (2009) iv. 50 Gif ðu nu, waldend, ne wilt wirde steoran, ac on selfwille sigan lætest, þonne ic wat þætte wile woruldmen tweogan.

OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xxii. 377 Ða ðe nu be sylfwille Gode þeowiað, hie gefeoð þonne on þam heofonlican brydbure.

lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xi. 261 Getæc me nu sumne mann þara ðe þe gesælegost þince & on his selfwille sy swiðost gewiten.

a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 21 (MED) A legale seruaunt is he whom fortune or self wille haþ feterid with þe bond of bondage.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 187 We say..yat a monk has na self will, bot anerly the will of his Abbot.

1570 Horrible & Wofull Destr. Sodome & Gomorra (single sheet) Then all in vayne, Lot preached styll. They all did folow their selfe wyll, For that was their desire.

1584 A. Gee Grounds of Christianitie 19 Haue we this fayth in our owne power to beleeue of our selfe will.

2. Determined, obstinate, or unreasonable pursuit of one's own desires, inclinations, or opinions.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] > wilfulness

willOE

wilfulnessc1200

wilfulshipc1200

own-willa1225

wilsomenessa1382

wilfulheadc1385

headiness1447

self-willa1450

self-willednessc1450

willerdoma1475

wilfulheadness1485

self-wilfulness1511

sensuality1536

headstrongness1598

self-williness1611

prodigity1623

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 3009 Than grete wrong ye doo to me Whan I can not accused be By noo man but by your selfwil And Ayeinst al reason and skill, Ye wold murdre me by might.

c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) i. l. 378 (MED) Eche man hath othir in hate, And all is for lacke of witte and reason; Self wille is maistre of hir measoun.

c1475 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 143 Where that selfe-wylle ys reygnyng, The whyche causethe dyscord and debate, And resun hathe none enteryng.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes (1937) i. xx. 71 So blynded that thy selfwylle letteth the to submytte thy self to reason.

?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. C^v All on selfe wyll, without reason they fyght.

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 48 They are growen to such a selfe-wil and liking of their owne opinions.

1604 Bachelers Banquet i. sig. A2 Being ouer-ruled by selfe will, and blinded by folly: he suppose them therein to haue the fulnes of their delight.

1657 Baker's Sancta Sophia I. ii. iii. 319 All the comfort of Nature lies in Selfe will.

1719 J. Wasse in Reformed Devotions ii. 324 I am not only thy Creature, but thorough my own default and self-will, a sinful Creature.

1782 W. Cowper Progress of Error in Poems 68 First appetite enlists him truth's sworn foe, Then obstinate self-will confirms him so.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xiii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 286 So totally unacquainted with contradiction, that she did not even use the tone of self-will.

1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 201 All idolatry is self-will, first choosing a god, and then enslaved to it.

1907 N.Y. Observer & Chron. 16 May 647/2 A certain self-will and disregard of his dependence upon Jehovah.

1960 C. Achebe No Longer at Ease 6 They wanted him to read law... But when he got to England he read English; his self-will was not new.

2016 Times 8 Oct. (Nexis) (Features section) 14 It was attending the family support group, Al-Anon, that caused her to consider the evils of self-will.

Phrases

† of self-will: without cause. Cf. self-willy adv. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [adverb] > without cause or reason

causelessc1374

self-willya1400

of self-willa1450

causelessly1561

for nothing1592

(all) for nought1607

reasonlessly1612

reasonlessa1652

a1450 in W. T. Barbour Hist. Contract in Early Eng. Equity (1914) 222 (MED) The seid Sir William now of self wille and wythoute any cause refusith it.

1498 Interpr. Names Goddis & Goddesses (de Worde) sig. Aij/2 Of very pure malyce & of sylfewyll.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) lxviii. §5. 238 Multiplide thai ere abouen the hares of my heued: that hatid has me of selfwill.

1592 M. Sutcliffe Answere to Libel Pref. sig. B2^v If a man offend in any small point of law, and that not of malice, it were lawfull for these fellowes to ouerthrow all lawes, and that of selfewill, and malicious purpose.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† self-willadj.

Forms:

α. Old English selfwil- (inflected form, before r), Old English selfwille, Old English selwille (rare), Old English sylfwil- (inflected form, before r), Old English sylfwille.

β. see self-will n.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by compounding. Apparently partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: self- prefix, English -wille ; self-will n.

Etymology: In α. forms (in sense 1) < self- prefix + Old English -wille ( < the Germanic base of will n.¹ + a suffix forming adjectives; compare Old English ānwille onwil adj. and Gothic gawiljis unanimous). Compare Gothic silbawiljos (plural) volunteers. Compare self-will n., self-willes adv. In β. forms (in sense 2) apparently independently re-formed < self-will n. Compare self-willy adj. and also self-willing adj., self-willed adj.With the β. forms compare also attributive uses of self-love n. (see quot. 1596 at self-love n. 1) and self-pity n. (see quot. a1628 at self-pity n.). Apparently re-formed in the 16th cent.

Obsolete.

1. Spontaneous; voluntary.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > proceeding from free will

selflyOE

self-willOE

willesOE

needlessc1225

wilninga1250

wilfulc1374

voluntaryc1449

spontany1532

voluntarious1532

spontaneal1602

voluntaire1615

self-willing1625

ultroneous1637

unimposed1642

elective1643

spontaneous1656

contingent1660

unmechanic1709

volitient1844

unmechanical1865

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 206 Þæt is on Englisc, halig mod sylfwille [L. mentem sanctam spontaneam], wurðmynt þam welwyllendan Gode, and eardes alysednyss.

OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 169 Uoluntarię seruitutis : selwilles [OE Digby 146 sylfwilles] þeowdomes.

OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 239 Spontaneo : uoluntario, mid selfwilre.

2. Determined, obstinate, or unreasonable in the pursuit of one's own desires, inclinations, or opinions; characterized by this; self-willed.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > wilful

onwileOE

wilfulc1200

willesfulc1225

headstronga1398

wilsomea1400

headya1425

overthrowing?a1425

self-willya1425

self-willedc1450

sensual1524

wayward1528

headish1530

affectionate1534

self-will1562

strongheaded1579

hard-mouthed1610

brag-brained1648

self-wilful1648

overwilled1650

will-strong1654

cobby1785

willyart1791

brain-strong1863

1562 T. Cooper Answere Def. Truth f. 122, in Apol. Priuate Masse They be selfwill moichers, they be not diligent scholers.

a1568 R. Ascham Rep. & Disc. Affaires Germany (?1570) f. 9 Contemnyng easely all aduise of others (which selfe will condition doth commonly follow).

1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iv. v. 96 To single out a course..betweene selfewill stubbornes, and filthy flattery.

1641 J. de la March Complaint False Prophets Mariners 21 Utterly to abolish and cashire out all false selfe will worship & superstitious ceremonies.

1719 J. T. Philipps tr. B. Ziegenbalg Thirty-four Confer. 83 Their pretended meritorious Performances of Self-will Worship.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	self-will
释义	self-willn. Brit. /ˌsɛlfˈwɪl/, U.S. /ˌsɛlfˈwɪl/ Forms: see self- prefix and will n.¹ Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Middle Low German sülfwille high-handedness, arbitrariness, Old High German selbwillo , selpwillo , selpwelī free will, arbitrariness (compare German Selbstwille ), Old Icelandic sjálfvili free will (compare Old Swedish sialfsvili ) < the Germanic base of self- prefix + the Germanic base of will n.¹ Compare self-willes adv., self-will adj., and self-willy adj.With use in adverbial phrases in sense 1 compare Old High German (pī) selpwillin , Old Icelandic með (also at) sjálfvilja , all in sense ‘voluntarily, of one's own accord’. Compare also Old English sylfes willum of one's own accord (attested in verse). With sense 2 compare earlier own-will n. at own adj. and pron. Compounds 1. †1. One's own desire, inclination, or opinion. Obsolete.In Old English only in adverbial phrases headed by a preposition, as by, on; cf. self-willes adv. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun] willeOE hearteOE i-willc888 self-willeOE intent?c1225 device1303 couragec1320 talentc1325 greec1330 voluntyc1330 fantasyc1374 likinga1375 disposingc1380 pleasancea1382 affectionc1390 wish1390 disposition1393 affecta1398 likea1400 lista1400 pleasingc1400 emplesance1424 pleasurec1425 well-willingc1443 notiona1450 mindc1450 fancy1465 empleseur1473 hest?a1513 plighta1535 inclination1541 cue1567 month's mind1580 disposedness1583 leaning1587 humour1595 wouldings1613 beneplacit1643 wouldingness1645 vergency1649 bene-placiture1662 good liking1690 draught1758 tida1774 inkling1787 eOE Metres of Boethius (transcript of damaged MS) (2009) iv. 50 Gif ðu nu, waldend, ne wilt wirde steoran, ac on selfwille sigan lætest, þonne ic wat þætte wile woruldmen tweogan. OE Vercelli Homilies (1992) xxii. 377 Ða ðe nu be sylfwille Gode þeowiað, hie gefeoð þonne on þam heofonlican brydbure. lOE King Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Bodl.) (2009) I. xi. 261 Getæc me nu sumne mann þara ðe þe gesælegost þince & on his selfwille sy swiðost gewiten. a1425 Dialogue Reason & Adversity (Cambr.) (1968) 21 (MED) A legale seruaunt is he whom fortune or self wille haþ feterid with þe bond of bondage. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Law of Armys (2005) 187 We say..yat a monk has na self will, bot anerly the will of his Abbot. 1570 Horrible & Wofull Destr. Sodome & Gomorra (single sheet) Then all in vayne, Lot preached styll. They all did folow their selfe wyll, For that was their desire. 1584 A. Gee Grounds of Christianitie 19 Haue we this fayth in our owne power to beleeue of our selfe will. 2. Determined, obstinate, or unreasonable pursuit of one's own desires, inclinations, or opinions. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] > wilfulness willOE wilfulnessc1200 wilfulshipc1200 own-willa1225 wilsomenessa1382 wilfulheadc1385 headiness1447 self-willa1450 self-willednessc1450 willerdoma1475 wilfulheadness1485 self-wilfulness1511 sensuality1536 headstrongness1598 self-williness1611 prodigity1623 a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 3009 Than grete wrong ye doo to me Whan I can not accused be By noo man but by your selfwil And Ayeinst al reason and skill, Ye wold murdre me by might. c1475 (c1450) P. Idley Instr. to his Son (Cambr.) (1935) i. l. 378 (MED) Eche man hath othir in hate, And all is for lacke of witte and reason; Self wille is maistre of hir measoun. c1475 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 143 Where that selfe-wylle ys reygnyng, The whyche causethe dyscord and debate, And resun hathe none enteryng. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes (1937) i. xx. 71 So blynded that thy selfwylle letteth the to submytte thy self to reason. ?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. C^v All on selfe wyll, without reason they fyght. 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 48 They are growen to such a selfe-wil and liking of their owne opinions. 1604 Bachelers Banquet i. sig. A2 Being ouer-ruled by selfe will, and blinded by folly: he suppose them therein to haue the fulnes of their delight. 1657 Baker's Sancta Sophia I. ii. iii. 319 All the comfort of Nature lies in Selfe will. 1719 J. Wasse in Reformed Devotions ii. 324 I am not only thy Creature, but thorough my own default and self-will, a sinful Creature. 1782 W. Cowper Progress of Error in Poems 68 First appetite enlists him truth's sworn foe, Then obstinate self-will confirms him so. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian xiii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. IV. 286 So totally unacquainted with contradiction, that she did not even use the tone of self-will. 1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 201 All idolatry is self-will, first choosing a god, and then enslaved to it. 1907 N.Y. Observer & Chron. 16 May 647/2 A certain self-will and disregard of his dependence upon Jehovah. 1960 C. Achebe No Longer at Ease 6 They wanted him to read law... But when he got to England he read English; his self-will was not new. 2016 Times 8 Oct. (Nexis) (Features section) 14 It was attending the family support group, Al-Anon, that caused her to consider the evils of self-will. Phrases † of self-will: without cause. Cf. self-willy adv. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > chance or causelessness > [adverb] > without cause or reason causelessc1374 self-willya1400 of self-willa1450 causelessly1561 for nothing1592 (all) for nought1607 reasonlessly1612 reasonlessa1652 a1450 in W. T. Barbour Hist. Contract in Early Eng. Equity (1914) 222 (MED) The seid Sir William now of self wille and wythoute any cause refusith it. 1498 Interpr. Names Goddis & Goddesses (de Worde) sig. Aij/2 Of very pure malyce & of sylfewyll. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) lxviii. §5. 238 Multiplide thai ere abouen the hares of my heued: that hatid has me of selfwill. 1592 M. Sutcliffe Answere to Libel Pref. sig. B2^v If a man offend in any small point of law, and that not of malice, it were lawfull for these fellowes to ouerthrow all lawes, and that of selfewill, and malicious purpose. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † self-willadj. Forms: α. Old English selfwil- (inflected form, before r), Old English selfwille, Old English selwille (rare), Old English sylfwil- (inflected form, before r), Old English sylfwille. β. see self-will n. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by compounding. Apparently partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: self- prefix, English -wille ; self-will n. Etymology: In α. forms (in sense 1) < self- prefix + Old English -wille ( < the Germanic base of will n.¹ + a suffix forming adjectives; compare Old English ānwille onwil adj. and Gothic gawiljis unanimous). Compare Gothic silbawiljos (plural) volunteers. Compare self-will n., self-willes adv. In β. forms (in sense 2) apparently independently re-formed < self-will n. Compare self-willy adj. and also self-willing adj., self-willed adj.With the β. forms compare also attributive uses of self-love n. (see quot. 1596 at self-love n. 1) and self-pity n. (see quot. a1628 at self-pity n.). Apparently re-formed in the 16th cent. Obsolete. 1. Spontaneous; voluntary. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > [adjective] > proceeding from free will selflyOE self-willOE willesOE needlessc1225 wilninga1250 wilfulc1374 voluntaryc1449 spontany1532 voluntarious1532 spontaneal1602 voluntaire1615 self-willing1625 ultroneous1637 unimposed1642 elective1643 spontaneous1656 contingent1660 unmechanic1709 volitient1844 unmechanical1865 OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1881) I. 206 Þæt is on Englisc, halig mod sylfwille [L. mentem sanctam spontaneam], wurðmynt þam welwyllendan Gode, and eardes alysednyss. OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 169 Uoluntarię seruitutis : selwilles [OE Digby 146 sylfwilles] þeowdomes. OE Aldhelm Glosses (Brussels 1650) in L. Goossens Old Eng. Glosses of MS Brussels, Royal Libr. 1650 (1974) 239 Spontaneo : uoluntario, mid selfwilre. 2. Determined, obstinate, or unreasonable in the pursuit of one's own desires, inclinations, or opinions; characterized by this; self-willed. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > wilful onwileOE wilfulc1200 willesfulc1225 headstronga1398 wilsomea1400 headya1425 overthrowing?a1425 self-willya1425 self-willedc1450 sensual1524 wayward1528 headish1530 affectionate1534 self-will1562 strongheaded1579 hard-mouthed1610 brag-brained1648 self-wilful1648 overwilled1650 will-strong1654 cobby1785 willyart1791 brain-strong1863 1562 T. Cooper Answere Def. Truth f. 122, in Apol. Priuate Masse They be selfwill moichers, they be not diligent scholers. a1568 R. Ascham Rep. & Disc. Affaires Germany (?1570) f. 9 Contemnyng easely all aduise of others (which selfe will condition doth commonly follow). 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales iv. v. 96 To single out a course..betweene selfewill stubbornes, and filthy flattery. 1641 J. de la March Complaint False Prophets Mariners 21 Utterly to abolish and cashire out all false selfe will worship & superstitious ceremonies. 1719 J. T. Philipps tr. B. Ziegenbalg Thirty-four Confer. 83 Their pretended meritorious Performances of Self-will Worship. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, January 2018; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.eOEadj.OE
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