shamen.
/ʃeɪm/, U.S. /ʃeɪm/ 1. Personified.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. sig. S4 Lamenting Sorrow did in darknese lye, And Shame his vgly face did hide from liuing eye.1747 T. Gray Ode Eton Coll. 6 Pallid Fear, And Shame that sculks behind.
a. The painful emotion arising from the consciousness of something dishonouring, ridiculous, or indecorous in one's own conduct or circumstances (or in those of others whose honour or disgrace one regards as one's own), or of being in a situation which offends one's sense of modesty or decency.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > [noun]
shamec725
vergoyne1484
turpitude1570
ashamedness1615
shamefacedness1641
shamefastness1646
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > [noun] > sense of shame or decency
shamec725
shamefastnessc1200
shamefulnessa1340
shameness1340
pudicity1567
pudencya1616
pudor1623
forehead1631
sense of shame1647
pudeur1876
c725 Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) P. 844 Pudor, scomo.
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xiv. 9 Ðu inginnas mið sceoma [L. cum rubore] þæt hlætmesto stoue gehalda.
a1225 St. Marher. 7 Ah þe schulde scheomien..ȝef þu scheome cuðest þat þulli mot haldest wið a ȝung meiden.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 349 Flesses fremeðe and safte same Boðen he felten on here lichame.
?1473 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Recuyell Hist. Troye (1894) I. lf. 119v Alle shame and vergoyne redowblith in me.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. i. 113 You will but make it blush, And glow with shame of your proceedings, Hubert. View more context for this quotation
a1626 J. Fletcher & W. Rowley Maid in Mill i. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Aaaa2/1 But for my part (in all humility And with no little shame) I ask your pardons.
1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 114. ⁋4 Shame of Poverty makes Laertes lanch into unnecessary Equipage.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Lord of Burleigh in Poems (new ed.) II. 204 As it were with shame she blushes.
1860 E. B. Pusey Minor Prophets 240 Shame at the evil which sin is, works repentance.
b. plural.
ΚΠ
1851 A. Helps Compan. Solitude viii. 152 Being free from many of the usual small shames, petty ends, trivial vanities.
c. sense of shame n. the consciousness of this emotion, guilty feeling; also, the right perception of what is improper or disgraceful (cf. sense 2).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > [noun] > sense of shame or decency
shamec725
shamefastnessc1200
shamefulnessa1340
shameness1340
pudicity1567
pudencya1616
pudor1623
forehead1631
sense of shame1647
pudeur1876
1647 C. Harvey Schola Cordis xv. 29 Untill the sense of shame Makes me contemne my self-dishonour'd name.
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Cinyras & Myrrha in Fables 184 Another, and another Night she came; For frequent Sin had left no Sense of Shame.
1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women I. i. 11 All but those who..have..lost their sense of shame.
1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess iv. 82 And full of cowardice and guilty shame, I grant in her the merit of shame, she flies.
1872 C. Darwin Expression Emotions Man & Animals xiii. 321 Under a keen sense of shame, there is a strong desire for concealment.
d. past shame, dead to shame, no longer capable of feeling shame, grown callous to shame.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [adjective] > shameless or thick-skinned
shamelessc897
hard-skinnedc1450
past shame1509
unblushing1595
steel-browed1600
thick-skinned1602
dead to shame1780
case-hardened1836
unsnubbable1847
hard-shelled1848
pachydermatous1849
hard-boiled1884
armour-plated1887
tough-minded1927
chalcenterous1946
chalcenteric1964
1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. cliv Some ar so past shame in theyr langage So fowle and lothly, that [etc.].
1647 H. Hexham Copious Eng. & Netherduytch Dict. (at cited word) He is past shame.
1780 J. Warner in J. H. Jesse G. Selwyn & his Contemp. (1844) IV. 325 His wife and her sister are not great enough or little enough to be dead to shame.
2. Fear of offence against propriety or decency, operating as a restraint on behaviour; modesty, shamefastness. without shame, shameless(ly.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > [noun] > sense of shame or decency > personified
shamec1386
shamefastness1509
c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 342 In habit maad with chastitee and shame Ye wommen shul apparaille yow.
a1577 G. Gascoigne Grief of Joye iv. xxxv, in Compl. Wks. (1910) II. 555 The darksome nyght, sharpe enemye to shame, By candles light, betrayethe many a dame.
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream iii. ii. 286 Haue you no modesty, no maiden shame, No touch of bashfulnesse? View more context for this quotation
1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue ii. 131 Discouering those parts which shame bids vs hide.
1702 R. L'Estrange tr. Josephus Jewish Antiq. iv. viii, in Wks. 97 A Debtor that hath neither the Shame, nor the Conscience, to restore what he Borrow'd.
1780 J. Bentham Introd. Princ. Morals & Legisl. (1789) xii. §10 Where robberies are frequent and unpunished robberies are committed without shame.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 38 To infuse into them that divine fear, which we call shame.
1913 N.E.D. at Shame Mod. I am not surprised at his request; he is quite without shame.
3. † d. shames death (deid, dede, etc.), a shameful death. Obsolete.† e. Infliction of disgrace, injurious language or conduct. (Cf. the phrases in sense Phrases 4.) Obsolete.
a. Disgrace, ignominy, loss of esteem or reputation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [noun]
unworshipc888
bismerc893
shameOE
shondOE
shendnessc1000
shendinga1220
shendlaca1225
slander1297
brixlea1300
shendship1303
hounteec1330
dishonourc1380
reproofc1380
defamationa1387
dishonestyc1386
hountagec1390
defamea1393
disworshipa1400
mishonoura1400
villainya1400
shendc1400
rebukec1425
contemptc1430
reproach?a1439
reprobationa1450
disfamec1460
opprobry?a1475
lackc1480
shentc1480
vitupery1489
defamy1490
opprobre1490
dain?a1500
contemnment1502
ignominy?1527
scandalization1530
ignomy1534
contumely1555
disglory1567
dehonestationa1575
disgrace1592
attainder1597
disreputation1601
defaming1611
ignominiousness1655
adoxy1656
opprobrium1684
shonda1961
OE Crist III 1273 Þonne is him oþer earfe þu swa some scyldgum to sconde, þæt hi þær scoma mæste dreogað fordone.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 59 To..kepen us from hearm and scome.
a1300 K. Horn 327 Schame mote þu fonge & on hiȝe rode anhonge.
1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. iv. 28 For to sauen hem~self from schome and from harme.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 1028 Thour out the worl oure shame is kid so wyde.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ezek. xvi. 52 Therfore beare thine owne shame.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iv. iv. 68 Free from these slanders, and this open shame . View more context for this quotation
1726 Bp. J. Butler 15 Serm. i. 20 Men to avoid the Shame of one Villany are sometimes guilty of a greater.
1764 R. Burn Hist. Poor Laws 199 By once inflicting shame on a criminal, we for ever remove that fear of it, which is one very strong preservative against doing evil.
1845 S. Austin tr. L. von Ranke Hist. Reformation in Germany (ed. 2) I. 194 After such high-raised expectations, the result was shame and ignominy.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 6 Far better were I laid in the dark earth,..Than that my lord thro' me should suffer shame.
b. An instance or piece of disgrace.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [noun] > instance of
shamec1230
rebukec1425
disworship1465
c1230 Hali Meid. (Bodl. MS.) 8 Teonen þolien, & gromen & scheomen.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 589 So fil it as fortune hym aughte a schame.
a1470 J. Hardyng Chron. cxiv. xviii Thus synnes olde make shames come full newe.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. i. sig. O3 Though..euery death were followed with a thousand shames.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) i. iv. 73 Let his shames quickely Driue him to Rome. View more context for this quotation
a1628 F. Greville Certaine Wks. (1633) i. 71 So be the shames of Peace, the Pride of Warre.
1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. 32 The calamities and shames of 1865 might have been avoided.
1891 F. W. Farrar Darkness & Dawn I. i. 10 The name of her sister Drusilla had been already stained with a thousand shames.
c. spec. Violation of a woman's honour, loss of chastity. †to do (a) shame, to offer violence (to). child, son of shame, a child born out of wedlock.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > [noun] > of woman
shamec1275
ruin1567
(a fate) worse than death1631
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > loss of chastity > deprive of chastity [verb (transitive)] > rape
to do (a) shamec1275
afforcec1330
beforcec1375
misusea1382
oppressa1382
enforcec1386
ravisha1387
forcea1400
betravaila1425
trespass1427
supprisea1450
violatec1450
viole?c1450
stuprate?1526
devour1530
stupre1548
constuprate1550
rape1574
suppress1590
harry1591
constrain1594
abripe1623
obstuprate1658
spoil1678
to rip off1967
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > [noun] > illegitimate child
avetrolc1300
bastardc1330
misbegetc1330
whoresonc1330
horcop14..
get?a1513
misbegotten1546
misbegot1558
mamzer1562
base1571
bantling1593
by-blow1595
by-chopa1637
by-scape1646
by-slipa1670
illegitimate1673
stall-whimper1676
love brata1700
slink1702
child, son of shame1723
babe of love1728
adulterine1730
come-by-chance?1750
byspel1781
love-child1805
come-o'-will1815
chance-child1838
chance-bairn1863
side-slip1872
fly-blow1875
catch colt1901
illegit1913
outside child1930
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6038 Melga nom Vrsele..& scome [c1300 Otho same] hire bi-hedde & ladde heo to his bedde.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 488 That al here lyf ne don nat but asayen How manye wemen they may don a schame.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. v. sig. Gg2 After that foster fowle he fiercely ridd, To bene auenged of the shame, he did To that faire Damzell.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 141 Is't not a kinde of Incest, to take life From thine owne sisters shame ? View more context for this quotation
1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 3 My Nurse..Bred me up very carefully with her own Son, and with another Son of shame like me.
1813 Ld. Byron Giaour 8 And every woe a tear can claim Except an erring sister's shame.
1827 W. Scott Surgeon's Daughter in Chron. Canongate 1st Ser. II. iii. 89 A child of shame, deserted by its father and mother.
1833 Ld. Tennyson Sisters 8 She mix'd her ancient blood with shame.
1864 Ld. Tennyson Aylmer's Field in Enoch Arden, etc. 86 The poor child of shame.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > manner of death > [noun] > shameful death
shames death (deid, dede, etc.)a1300
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [noun] > death
shames death (deid, dede, etc.)a1300
a1300 Cursor Mundi 1619 He suar his ath Þat þai suld all thole schammes deid.
c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 1133 God yeve yow bothe on shames deeth to dyen!
c1440 Bone Flor. 1823 God gyf the schames dedd.
?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 7829 Þai had aftir an yuel spede, Shames deed or outelawde.
16.. Sir John Butler iv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1889) III. vi. 330/1 A shames death may hee dye!
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [noun] > infliction of disgrace
shamec975
c975 Rushw. Gosp. Mark xii. 4 Mið scomum miclum togiworhtun [L. contumeliis affecerunt].
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 85 Inhis eare hehefde..al þe scharen & alþe scheome. þet eare muchte iheren.
1526 W. Bonde Rosary sig. Biiv Than began all the multytude with most shame and abhominacion..to spytte in thy blessed face.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [noun] > that which is disgraceful
shamea1300
ignominy1564
shamefulness1564
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > be disgraced [verb (intransitive)] > do something disgraceful
to do shamea1300
a1300 Cursor Mundi 25497 Ken us lauerd, for þi nam, Forsak bat sin and scam.
c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale 295 Men may wel often fynde A lordes sone do shame and vileynye.
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 63 Be layth alway to do amis or schame.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13704 He cast hym by course..To venge of his vilany & his vile schame.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Christian Morals (1716) iii. 104 If that degenerous Vice possess thee, hide thy self in the shadow of thy shame, and pollute not noble society.
5.
a. Used predicatively (without article) for: A fact or circumstance which brings disgrace or discredit (to a person, etc.); matter for severe reproach or reprobation. Now poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [noun] > cause of disgrace > fact or circumstance
shamea1000
a great shame1390
a1000 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 100 Micel hynd and sceamu [uerecundia] hyt is menn nelle wesan þæt þæt he ys.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11956 Forr þatt wass alls he wisste itt wel Hiss aȝhenn shame & shande.
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 72 It is schame to written it but more to done it in dede.
c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 505 And shame it is, if a preest take keep A shiten Shepherde and a clene sheep.
a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 83 Thys ys not only grete hurte to the commyn wele, but also grete schame & dyshonowre to our cuntrey.
1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 87 For first to lofe and syne to lak, Peter! it is schame.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. i. 239 Now afore God tis shame such wrongs are borne, In him a royall Prince. View more context for this quotation
1785 W. Cowper Tirocinium in Task 78 Truths..That 'tis our shame and mis'ry not to learn. View more context for this quotation
1819 W. Scott Ivanhoe III. x. 235 It were shame to our profession were we to suffer it.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xlvii. 70 She..holds it sin and shame to draw The deepest measure from the chords. View more context for this quotation
1896 A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad v. 9 Some lads there are, 'tis shame to say, That only court to thieve.
b. Similarly a shame, a great shame. Now common in colloquial use.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [noun] > cause of disgrace > fact or circumstance
shamea1000
a great shame1390
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 28 Which were a schame unto his trowthe.
c1450 Mirk's Festial 27 Hit was a gret schame to all hom þat werne gret clerkes.
1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 16v If it be a shame for..a pleadar of causes to be ignorant of the lawe wherein he dealeth, a greater shame is it for a professor of husbandry, to be vnskilful in the ground whereon his whole trade lyeth.
1648 Hunting of Fox 36 'Tis a foul shame that you should be last in returning to a sence of your duty.
1663 S. Pepys Diary 19 Jan. (1971) IV. 17 They..pay 15, or 20 sometimes, per cent for their money—which is a most horrid shame.
1799 H. Lee Canterbury Tales (ed. 2) I. 199 What a shame yon pretty cot should be suffered to go to ruin!
1809 B. H. Malkin tr. A. R. Le Sage Adventures Gil Blas III. vii. v. 66 It was a burning shame to see such a waste of provisions.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 334 I envy you the concatenation, Colonel—it is a shame to me not to have drawn the same conclusion.
1858 S. Brooks Gordian Knot (1860) xvi. 119 ‘It's a —— shame’, jerked out Mr. Spenser.
1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt II. xxii. 107 It's a sin and a shame.
1889 J. K. Jerome Three Men in Boat 166 George said it was a wicked shame of Mrs. G.
c. Occasionally in non-predicative use: A disgraceful thing, something to be ashamed of. poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [noun] > cause of disgrace
shendship1303
stone of stumbling (scandal, slander, etc.)a1382
lackc1480
dishonour1553
discredit1574
disgrace1590
shame1609
opprobrium1656
1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxi. sig. Ev Into my deeds to prye, To find out shames and idle houres in me. View more context for this quotation
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam l. 73 Shall he for whose applause I strove..See with clear eye some hidden shame And I be lessen'd in his love? View more context for this quotation
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxvi. iv, in Maud & Other Poems 99 A peace that was full of wrongs and shames.
6.
a. A person or thing that is a cause or source of disgrace. Const. to, of, †on.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [noun] > cause of disgrace > person or thing
sinc1300
shamea1586
bysen1805
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. i. sig. O3 That only I..should become a plague to my selfe and a shame to womankind.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. v. 2 You Shames of Rome. View more context for this quotation
1668 J. Owen Nature Indwelling-sin xiii. 203 It may be this day you had been a terrour to your selves, a shame to your relations.
1681 C. Cotton Wonders of Peake 76 Environ'd round with Natures shames and Ills, Black Heaths, wild Rocks, bleak Craggs, and naked Hills.
1711 A. Pope Ess. Crit. 40 Erasmus, that great, injur'd Name, (The Glory of the Priesthood, and the Shame!).
1757 T. Gray Ode II ii. iii, in Odes 18 Ye Towers of Julius, London's lasting shame.
1778 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. Digest 113 Colleges of Agriculture, reared in those Wastes which are now a shame on their Country.
1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci iii. i. 47 Nature casts him off, who is her shame.
b. colloquial. A thing which is shockingly ugly or indecent, or of disgracefully bad quality.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [noun]
poornessa1382
chaffc1386
cold roast?1406
arse-guta1413
short end1560
under-kind1571
inferior1589
canvas-back1605
underthing1620
under-sort1655
wasteling1750
slouch1767
shamea1771
neck beefa1777
rep1786
wastrel1790
wastera1800
shoddy1862
piece1884
tinhorn1887
robbo1897
cheapie1898
buckeye1906
reach-me-down1916
dog1917
stinkeroo1934
bodgie1964
cheapo1975
a1771 T. Gray Candidate (?1780) 1 His nose is a shame, and his eyes are so lewd!
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. v. 95 Luckie Finniston sent up three [hens] that were a shame to be seen.
1880 Ld. Tennyson Village Wife vii An' 'e bowt little statutes all-naäkt an' which was a shaame to be seen.
7. concrete. The privy members or ‘parts of shame’. Now rare or Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > sex organs > [noun]
shapea1000
shameOE
i-cundeOE
memberc1300
privy memberc1325
kindc1330
privitiesc1375
harness1382
shameful parts1382
genitoriesa1387
partc1390
tailc1390
genitalsa1393
thingc1405
genitalc1450
privy parts1533
secret1535
loin?1541
genitures1548
filthy parts1553
shamefulness1561
ware1561
meatc1564
natural places1569
secret members1577
lady ware1592
natural parts1601
lady's ware1608
gear1611
private parts1623
groin1631
pudendums1634
natural1650
privacies1656
sex1664
secrecyc1675
nudities1677
affair1749
sexual parts1753
person1824
sex organ1847
privates1940
naughty bits1972
OE Genesis 942 Het heora sceome þeccan frea frumhrægle.
c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 470/23 Preputia, scama, þa wæpenlican limo.
a1300 Cursor Mundi 2026 His midelst þat hight cam, Bihild, and sagh his fader schame.
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 351 Ðo gunen he same sriden, And limes in leues hiden.
1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. ii. f. 86 Other [women] cast vp their clothes, & openly discouer and bewray their shame.
1599 T. Moffett Silkewormes 3 Then fig-tree fannes uppon their shame they wore.
1611 Bible (King James) Rev. xvi. 15 Least hee walke naked, and they see his shame . View more context for this quotation
1795 C. R. Hopson tr. C. P. Thunberg Trav. (ed. 2) II. 78 The Hottentots universally wore a bag just before the parts of shame.]
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xv. [Circe] 510 And with loving pencil you shaded my eyes, my bosom and my shame.
Phrases
P1. to have shame: to be ashamed, feel ashamed. Const. of, infinitive, that. Now poetic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > be ashamed [verb (intransitive)]
to have shamec888
forshamec897
(it) shames mec897
shamec897
ashamec1000
to think shamec1450
to take shame to (unto, upon) oneself1509
blush1530
curl1913
c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xi. §1 Hi habbað sceame þæs welan gif hi ne beoð swa æþele on gebyrdum swa hi woldon.
c1175 Lamb. Hom. 137 And þere mide hine aleseð of scome þe he habben sculde ȝif he heo ne ȝef.
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xii. 133 Sche had gret schame, that sche hadde a Child.
c1400 Rule St. Benet (Prose) 30 Þat tay haue shame of þair faute.
c1480 (a1400) St. Peter 535 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 22 Sic schent and schame at hart had he.
c1480 (a1400) St. Machor 1014 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 30 Alswa had he schame to tell quhy [etc.].
1842 Ld. Tennyson Vision of Sin in Poems (new ed.) II. 217 Sit thee down, and have no shame, Cheek by jowl, and knee by knee.
P2. to think shame, to be ashamed. (Occasionally to think it shame.) Const. of, for, infinitive, or that...† a. The early examples belong to the impersonal think v.1, const. dative (him etc. thinketh shame). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14397 For mucchel scome heom þuhte þat wepmen heom ne rohte.
a1400 St. Alexius (Vernon MS.) 5 To seruen god þhuȝte him no schome.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 636 Þar for thoght þam þen na scham.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 868 Vs thoght scam þe to bide.
b. In the 15th cent. this construction gave place to that in which the verb is the personal think v.2 Now somewhat archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > be ashamed [verb (intransitive)]
to have shamec888
forshamec897
(it) shames mec897
shamec897
ashamec1000
to think shamec1450
to take shame to (unto, upon) oneself1509
blush1530
curl1913
c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 85 When þe preste hard þis, onone he thoght shame.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 517 And for his wrang reyff othir he sall think scham, Or de tharfor.
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. I1v And all my Fame that liues disbursed be, To those that liue and thinke no shame of me. View more context for this quotation
1648 J. Beaumont Psyche i. lxxxi. 7 And then eleven great Starrs thought it no shame To come before me, and to do like them.
1724–7 A. Ramsay Wyfe of Auchtermuchty xv I trow the man thocht mekle schame.
a1791 F. Grose Olio (1796) 108 He ought to think shame of himself for such treatment.
1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf ix, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. I. 173 Think na ye shame o' yoursels, to come here..to frighten a lone widow woman?
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 187 Men thought it shame to dwell at such a time under the shadow of a house.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped i. 6 Can you forget..old friends..? Fie, fie; think shame!
1932 ‘L. G. Gibbon’ Sunset Song ii. 127 She might think shame to curse and swear with her father lying at death's door there.
1960 Afr. Affairs 59 18 Nor need they think shame to themselves that they still need all the outside help they can get.
1998 Mirror (Nexis) 13 Nov. 1 The people..who knew about this should think shame of themselves for doing nothing about it.
P3. to take shame.† a. To be disgraced, incur disgrace. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > be disgraced [verb (intransitive)]
to take shame1338
shenda1366
1338 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 323 Grete pite it was, þat þe hede of Cristendam Suld for any trespas take so foule a scham.
b. To conceive shame, feel ashamed; to accept blame or disgrace as merited; to acknowledge that one is in fault. More fully to take shame to (unto, upon) oneself.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > be ashamed [verb (intransitive)]
to have shamec888
forshamec897
(it) shames mec897
shamec897
ashamec1000
to think shamec1450
to take shame to (unto, upon) oneself1509
blush1530
curl1913
1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xxxii. 156 I was not proude, I toke of him no shame.
1607 B. Barnes Divils Charter i. iii. B 2 Take to thee Gismond both the skorne and shame.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) ii. iii. 38 I doe repent me, as it is an euill, And take the shame with ioy. View more context for this quotation
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 448. ⁋3 I take shame upon myself for this Crime.
1727 A. Boyer Dictionaire Royal (rev. ed.) (at cited word) I take shame to my self, that, J'avouë à ma honte, que.
1821 W. Scott Kenilworth II. ii. 52 I take shame to say, that [etc.].
1869 E. M. Goulburn Pursuit of Holiness x. 91 So long as they take shame to themselves for the evil which is in them.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrespect > insult > [verb (transitive)]
heanc950
to say or speak (one) shamec950
to say or speak shame of, on, byc950
affrontc1330
dispersona1400
to say language against1423
insautc1425
contumely1483
cag1504
to put (a person) to villainya1513
fuffle1536
to bring, drive to scorn1569
ascorn1570
affrent1578
injure?a1600
insult1620
to put a scorn on, upon1633
upbraid1665
topa1700
chopse1854
burn1914
rank1934
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [verb (transitive)]
to say or speak (one) shamec950
to bring, make to shondOE
awemOE
shamec1175
unmenskc1225
to bring, shape, turn to shamea1250
to do villainy or a villainy1303
to bring, drive to scornc1320
honisha1325
dishonesta1382
unhonourc1384
defamea1387
slandera1387
disworshipa1450
vituper1484
disfamea1533
to shend ofc1540
defect1542
dishonour1568
disgrace1573
escandalize1574
mishonour1576
yshend1579
scandalize1583
traduce1605
beclown1609
dedecorate1609
disdignify1625
vilify1651
lynch1836
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > slander or calumny > slander or calumniate [verb (transitive)]
to say or speak shame of, on, byc950
teleeOE
sayOE
to speak evil (Old English be) ofc1000
belie?c1225
betell?c1225
missayc1225
skandera1300
disclanderc1300
wrenchc1300
bewrayc1330
bite1330
gothele1340
slanderc1340
deprave1362
hinderc1375
backbite1382
blasphemec1386
afamec1390
fame1393
to blow up?a1400
defamea1400
noise1425
to say well (also evil, ill, etc.) of (also by)1445
malignc1450
to speak villainy of1470
infame1483
injury1484
painta1522
malicea1526
denigrate1526
disfamea1533
misreporta1535
sugill?1539
dishonest?c1550
calumniate1554
scandalize1566
ill1577
blaze1579
traduce1581
misspeak1582
blot1583
abuse1592
wronga1596
infamonize1598
vilify1598
injure?a1600
forspeak1601
libel1602
infamize1605
belibel1606
calumnize1606
besquirt1611
colly1615
scandala1616
bedirt1622
soil1641
disfigurea1643
sycophant1642
spatter1645
sugillate1647
bespattera1652
bedung1655
asperse1656
mischieve1656
opprobriatea1657
reflect1661
dehonestate1663
carbonify1792
defamate1810
mouth1810
foul-mouth1822
lynch1836
rot1890
calumny1895
ding1903
bad-talk1938
norate1938
bad-mouth1941
monster1967
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Luke xi. 45 Nobis contumeliam facis us sceoma ðu does.
a1200 Vices & Virtues 51 Alle ðe scames and ðe bismeres ðe hie arrer him hadde idon.
a1225 Leg. Kath. 349 Ah gað ȝet & seggeð scheome bi ure undeadliche godes.
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 363 Yet þu me seyst an oþer schome Þat ich an on Myn eye lome.
1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3239 Hii þoȝte to do þis lond ssame.
c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women 467 Ne a trewe louere may me nat blame Thaw that I speke a fals louere sum schame.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xxvii. 457 The letter spak shame by her and by sir launcelot.
1535 Bible (Coverdale) Dan. xi. C A prynce shal stoppe him, to do him a shame.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Sam. xx. 34 Hee was grieued for Dauid, because his father had done him shame . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. iii. 97 If thou..teach thy hastie spleene to do me shame . View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Measure for Measure (1623) iii. i. 79 Why giue you me this shame? View more context for this quotation
P5. to put to shame: to bring into disgrace, bring disgrace upon; also figurative to outshine, eclipse. Similarly, to bring, †shape, †turn to shame. Also †to go to shame, to be ruined or spoilt.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [verb (transitive)]
to say or speak (one) shamec950
to bring, make to shondOE
awemOE
shamec1175
unmenskc1225
to bring, shape, turn to shamea1250
to do villainy or a villainy1303
to bring, drive to scornc1320
honisha1325
dishonesta1382
unhonourc1384
defamea1387
slandera1387
disworshipa1450
vituper1484
disfamea1533
to shend ofc1540
defect1542
dishonour1568
disgrace1573
escandalize1574
mishonour1576
yshend1579
scandalize1583
traduce1605
beclown1609
dedecorate1609
disdignify1625
vilify1651
lynch1836
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [verb (transitive)] > put to shame
shendc825
ofshameOE
forlesec1200
to bring, shape, turn to shamea1250
to put to shamea1250
confoundc1290
confusec1350
rebuke1529
beshame?1567
disgrace1593
outshame1824
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame
shamec1400
to put down1494
extinguish1551
stain1557
overshadow1581
cloud1582
defacea1592
shend1596
to lay up1601
to shine down1623
dazzle1643
umbrage1647
foila1687
efface1717
eclipse1718
shade?1748
put into the shade1796
to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819
to put to shame1854
to leave (a person) standing1864
to lay over1869
blanket1884
upstage1921
a1250 Owl & Nightingale 522 Hwenne þu hauest ido þi gome Þi stefne goþ anon to schome [Cotton MS. shome].
c1290 Sancta Crux 398 in S. Eng. Leg. 12 Cristine men þat he miȝte i-finde Alle he brouȝte to schame.
a1440 Sir Degrev. 127 He sey, ‘Alle ȝoode to schome!’ And went one hys wey.
1445 tr. Claudian's De Consulatu Stilichonis in Anglia (1905) 28 269 With her also thou puttist to shame her loothsom norice ambicion.
c1480 (a1400) St. Paul 521 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 44 He schupe þam all to schame, þat euir trowit in cristis name.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 1018 The Roman bukis at than was in Scotland He gart be brocht to scham quhar thai thaim fand.
1611 Bible (King James) Heb. vi. 6 They crucifie to themselues the Sonne of God afresh, and put him to an open shame. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. iv. 60 A Slaue, that still an end, turnes me to shame. View more context for this quotation
1752 ‘Sir H. Beaumont’ tr. Attiret Acc. Emp. China's Garden 29 If any one of them is caught in the Fact [i.e. Thieving] he is brought to Shame.
1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 245 Has time worn out, or fashion put to shame, Good sense, good health, good conscience, and good fame?
1854 W. M. Thackeray Newcomes (1855) II. iii. 23 No young woman of this year has come near her: those of past seasons she has distanced, and utterly put to shame.
1865 F. Parkman Huguenots i, in Pioneers of France in New World 5 Every ship from the New World came freighted with marvels which put the fictions of chivalry to shame.
P6.
a. for shame: from a sense of shame, because one feels shame; also, for fear of shame, in order to avoid shame; so †for shame of, in order not to bring shame upon. Also for shame's sake.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > [adverb] > from a sense of or to avoid shame
for shamec900
for shame ofc1405
for shame's sake1823
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > expression of disgrace or dishonour [phrase] > you should be ashamed
for shamec1405
c900 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (1899) iv. xxiv. 482 Þonne aras he for scome from þæm symble.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16971 Forr þi þatt he ne mihhte nohht. O daȝȝ forr shame lernenn.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 44 Saue þt the name of soueraynetee That wolde he haue for shame of his degree.
1592 F. Moryson Let. 21 Oct. in Itinerary (1617) i. 38 When I looked my face in a glasse, I could not for shame take this course.
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Bv He red for shame, but frostie in desier. View more context for this quotation
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward III. x. 270 I will grant you as fair terms as for very shame's sake you ought to ask in my present condition.
1859 Ld. Tennyson Vivien in Idylls of King 130 The shame that cannot be explain'd for shame.
b. esp. in adjuration or remonstrance. Hence often as an int. = ‘shame on you!’ ‘you should be ashamed’; also fie for shame! (see fie int. 1).
ΚΠ
a1300 Cursor Mundi 2794 For scam ne dos þam na males.
c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 272 Mi swete fo, whi do ye so, for shame.
c1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 1057 Ffor shame! why makest þou al this wo?
1575 W. Stevenson Gammer Gurtons Nedle iv. ii. sig. Dii Canst yu for shame deny it.
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. D For shame he cries, let go, and let me go. View more context for this quotation
a1642 J. Suckling Poems 14 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) Why so pale and wan..Quit, quit for shame.
1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals ii. ii Lucy. For shame now! here is some one coming.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Shabby Genteel Story v At which remark..Miss Caroline very properly said ‘For shame, Becky!’
1851 S. Warner Wide Wide World II. xxx. 14 ‘Oh, William!—William!—for shame! for shame!’ said Ellen again.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [adverb] > in order to put to shame
in shame of1596
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 101 To put a gluue vpon the poynte of ane speir in exprobratione and schame of him quha crakit his creddence.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. ii. 41 The Gods do this in shame of Cowardice. View more context for this quotation
P8. to one's shame, so as to cause one shame, in a way that brings one discredit. Also parenthetically, with ellipsis of ‘be it spoken’. In early use also †to or †for (one) to shame.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [adverb]
shamelyc1200
shendfully?c1225
to one's shamec1275
shamefullya1300
despitouslyc1320
foula1325
shondfullyc1330
inhonestly1340
shendshipfully1388
dishonestlyc1430
shamouslyc1440
ignominiously1553
slanderously1563
reproachfully1567
opprobriously1569
ingloriously1576
dishonourably1590
indignly1593
disgracefully1604
despitely1619
vituperiously1632
to a reproacha1715
shaming1970
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 10482 Heore ȝelp & heore gome ilomp heom-seoluen to scame.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Cor. vi. 5 I seie to ȝoure schame.
1390 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 30 And yit for Demephon to schame Into this dai it berth the name.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Miiii His creditours claymeth dette of hym, to his peyne & great shame.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 v. i. 93 For my part I may speake it to my shame, I haue a truant beene to Chiualrie. View more context for this quotation
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering III. viii. 145 It is greatly to the shame of our young lover's apprehension, that [etc.].
1835 T. B. Macaulay in G. O. Trevelyan Life & Lett. Macaulay (1876) I. 444 I read some of his Dialogues of the Dead when I was thirteen; and to my shame, I never..read a line of him since.
P9.
a. In ejaculatory formulae of imprecation or indignant disapproval, as (a) shame (or †a shame) betide (take, etc.)..!; (b) shame to or on..!; (c) (the) more shame for..; (d) shame! simply. Also for shame! (see Phrases 6b); (e) used simply in South African English, as an expression of sympathy or pleasure.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > pleasure > exclamation of pleasure [interjection]
shamea1352
yo-hah1744
hully gee1895
yummy1899
hot dog1906
hot diggety dog1923
how about that?1939
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > expressions of disapproval [phrase]
shamea1352
I like that1720
to go up (also down) one1909
it's (just) not on1935
a bit off1966
the mind > emotion > compassion > expression of pity [interjection] > expression of sympathy
shamea1352
(a)
(b)a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) ii. i. 167 Now shame vpon you where she does or no. View more context for this quotation1743 A. Pope Dunciad (rev. ed.) i. 113 Now (shame to Fortune!) an ill Run at Play Blank'd his bold visage.1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci v. ii. 86 Shame on these tears!1855 C. Kingsley Westward Ho! xv It can't be expected, and no shame to them!(c)a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) iv. iv. 130 The more shame for him, that he sends it me. View more context for this quotation1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. vi. §16 Did they not? the more shame for them: and if they did, the more shame for this great Rabbi thus to belie them.1846 C. Dickens Dombey & Son (1848) vi. 56 ‘Ah! true! more shame for him,’ thought Walter.(d)a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. iv. 65 Shame it selfe, Why do you make such faces? View more context for this quotation1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 21. ⁋13 The whole Town cries out, Shame! That one of his Coat should be such an Atheist?1838 M. Howitt Birds & Flowers 64 Oh, shame, that ever it hath been said, That bloody war is a glorious trade!1848 Times 14 Nov. 5/2 A great many voices cried out ‘Shame! shame!’1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 29 Jan. 5/1 Sir Michael Hicks-Beach's proposal..elicited cries of ‘Shame!’ from the Irish benches.(e)1932 Grocott's Daily Mail (Grahamstown, S. Afr.) 9 Jan. 3 During the address of our local dairy representatives..I heard several murmurs of Oh! and Shame! and grant the statements were given in a manner that commanded much sympathy.1952 N. Gordimer Soft Voice of Serpent (1953) i. 6 ‘Shame, isn't he a funny old man,’ she said.1976 Sunday Times (Johannesburg) 14 Nov. Oh, look, look!..those foals. Oh, shame, aren't they sweet.a1352 L. Minot Poems (1914) ii. 12 Schame bityde þe Skottes for þai er full of gile.
c1400 Rom. Rose 4267 God yeve him shame!
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 968 Shame come to him that is the cause thereof.
1594 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 iii. i. 307 Then a shame take all.
b. to cry shame on, upon, †of: to express vigorous reprobation of.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > denunciation > denounce [verb (transitive)]
denouncea1400
proclaim?a1513
prescrive1562
aban1565
denunciate1593
to cry shame on, upon, of1600
to call down1605
to declaim against1611
declaim1614
proscribe1622
mouth1743
1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iv. i. 122 Why doth not euery earthly thing, Cry shame vpon her? View more context for this quotation
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 155 Don Jean..commended highly the valour of our men, and cried shame upon the cowardise of his owne.
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 270 The People cried shame of them.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iii. 360 The pavement was detestable: all foreigners cried shame upon it.
Compounds
C1. General attributive, as (sense 7).
a.
shame-cloth n.
ΚΠ
1963 M. Laurence Tomorrow-tamer 226 Not yet five years old, she wore only a shamecloth, a mere flutter of red and beaded rag around her middle and between her legs.
shame-rag n.
ΚΠ
1938 R. Graves Coll. Poems 166 Those froward hermits..Wore but a shame-rag, dusk or dawn, And rolled in thorny places.
b.
shame-burnt adj.
ΚΠ
1849 A. Helps Friends in Council II. i. ii. 29 The shrinking, downcast, shame-burnt woman.
shame-closing adj.
ΚΠ
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. iv. [Calypso] 54 She blinked up out of her avid shameclosing eyes.
shame-eaten adj.
ΚΠ
1859 G. Meredith Ordeal Richard Feverel I. xi. 166 His diversion only irritated and confused our shame-eaten youth.
shame-making adj.
ΚΠ
1934 R. Macaulay Going Abroad xxxv. 297 He adoring some one else, that was shame-making and humbling too.
1977 D. Ramsay You can't call it Murder i. 26 Nothing to do with her, thank God. Offering such thanks was shame-making.
shame-proof adj.
ΚΠ
1598 W. Shakespeare Love's Labour's Lost v. ii. 508 We are shame proofe my Lord. View more context for this quotation
shame-shrunk adj.
ΚΠ
1631 F. Quarles Hist. Samson Med. xvi. 97 Wee can trample Vpon our shame shrunke cloakes, by your example.
shame-sick adj.
ΚΠ
1605 G. Ellis Lament. Lost Sheepe lxxv. sig. Gv With shame-sick Adam haue I hid my head.
shame-stricken adj.
ΚΠ
1847 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair (1848) xxix. 256 Heart-stained, and shame-stricken, he stood at the bed's foot.
shame-swollen adj.
ΚΠ
1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. F3 Would you..gesse it were possible for anie shame-swoln toad to haue the spet-proofe face to outliue this disgrace?
shame-wounded adj.
ΚΠ
1922 J. Joyce Ulysses i. iii. [Proteus] 48 Our souls, shamewounded by our sins, cling to us yet more.
C2. † shamefish n. Obsolete = pintle-fish n. at pintle n. Compounds.
shame culture n. a culture in which conformity of behaviour is maintained through the individual's fear of being shamed.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > other types of civilizations or cultures
economy1535
patriarchy1868
by-world1872
Western world1894
overworld1895
open society1911
pao-chia1931
closed society1935
plural society1939
technopolis1946
shame culture1947
19841951
Hollerith1957
metaculture1959
underground1959
permissive society1960
caring society1966
technocomplex1968
microsociety1970
overground1971
Manhattanism1978
1947 R. Benedict Chrysanthemum & Sword x. 223 True shame cultures rely on external sanctions for good behaviour.
1953 M. B. Singer in Piers & Singer Shame & Guilt ii. iii. 56 I shall consider whether the test data support the conclusion that American Indian cultures are predominantly shame cultures.
1977 A. Giddens Stud. in Social & Polit. Theory 393 Some anthropologists have sought to contrast the ‘guilt cultures’ of Western Europe with ‘shame cultures’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > fish > unspecified types > [noun]
whalec950
tumbrelc1300
sprout1340
squame1393
codmop1466
whitefish1482
lineshark?a1500
salen1508
glaucus1509
bretcock1522
warcodling1525
razor1530
bassinatc1540
goldeney1542
smy1552
maiden1555
grail1587
whiting1587
needle1589
pintle-fish1591
goldfish1598
puffin fish1598
quap1598
stork1600
black-tail1601
ellops1601
fork-fish1601
sea-grape1601
sea-lizard1601
sea-raven1601
barne1602
plosher1602
whale-mouse1607
bowman1610
catfish1620
hog1620
kettle-fish1630
sharpa1636
carda1641
housewifea1641
roucotea1641
ox-fisha1642
sea-serpent1646
croaker1651
alderling1655
butkin1655
shamefish1655
yard1655
sea-dart1664
sea-pelican1664
Negro1666
sea-parrot1666
sea-blewling1668
sea-stickling1668
skull-fish1668
whale's guide1668
sennet1671
barracuda1678
skate-bread1681
tuck-fish1681
swallowtail1683
piaba1686
pit-fish1686
sand-creeper1686
horned hog1702
soldier1704
sea-crowa1717
bran1720
grunter1726
calcops1727
bennet1731
bonefish1734
Negro fish1735
isinglass-fish1740
orb1740
gollin1747
smelt1776
night-walker1777
water monarch1785
hardhead1792
macaw-fish1792
yellowback1796
sea-raven1797
blueback1812
stumpnose1831
flat1847
butterfish1849
croppie1856
gubbahawn1857
silt1863
silt-snapper1863
mullet-head1866
sailor1883
hogback1893
skipper1898
stocker1904
1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. xviii. 174 Yards or shamefishes (Colybelenæ).
1672 J. Josselyn New-Englands Rarities 32 Yardfish, Asses Prick or Shame~fish.
shameworthy adj. of which one ought to be ashamed.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [adjective]
shondly888
frakeda900
shondfula900
foulOE
shendful?c1225
shamelyc1275
shendlyc1275
shamefulc1330
villain1338
inhonest1340
shameworthy1382
shendshipful1382
dishonestc1386
slanderous1402
defamable?a1439
defamousc1450
misshamefulc1450
vituperablec1450
ignominious?a1475
shamevousc1475
inhominious1490
opprobrious?1510
opprobrousc1530
rebukeful1530
dishonourable1533
reproachful1534
disworshipful1539
dedecoratec1540
contumelious1546
spiteful1550
ignomious1571
inglorious1573
disgraceful1595
disgracive1602
vituperous1610
vituperious1612
disgracious1615
disparageable1617
propudious1629
deflowering1642
scandalized1664
dedecorous1755
disgracing1807
vituperate1832
vituperated1842
mighty1889
soddish1922
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Lev. xvi. 4 And with lynnen breches he shal hile the shame worthi [a1425 L.V. schamefast] membres.
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxxiv. 855 If they begin once to shame at that which is not shame~worthy.
1802 C. Lamb Let. 24 Sept. in Lett. C. & M. A. Lamb (1976) II. 70 If I should have formed a diabolical resolution..of not admitting any spirituous liquors into my house, will you be my guest on such shame worthy terms?
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
shameadj.
/ʃeɪm/, U.S. /ʃeɪm/, Caribbean English /ʃeːm/ U.S. regional (chiefly in African-American usage) and Caribbean.
Ashamed; embarrassed.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > [adjective]
ashamedOE
shamefastc1275
shamefulc1440
hontous?1473
vergoynous1484
shamed1508
shamefaced1873
shame1883
1883 J. C. Harris Nights with Uncle Remus 345 Mr. Lion, he hol' he head one side en try ter look 'shame'.
1927 R. E. Kennedy Gritny People 35 Unc' Nat, ain't you shame?
1961 I. Khan Jumbie Bird vi. 81 First I was shame, how I go look at my family an' them in their face when I ain't have a black cent.
2020 @KandiiKay95 27 Feb. in twitter.com (accessed 26 June 2020) I feel so shame for him.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
shamev.
/ʃeɪm/, U.S. /ʃeɪm/ 1.
a. intransitive. To feel or conceive shame; to become or be ashamed. Const. of, at, with, for. Obsolete exc. dialect (see Eng. Dial. Dict.).In Old English with genit. of cause, also of reflexive pron. = to be ashamed of oneself.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > be ashamed [verb (intransitive)]
to have shamec888
forshamec897
(it) shames mec897
shamec897
ashamec1000
to think shamec1450
to take shame to (unto, upon) oneself1509
blush1530
curl1913
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care lii. 409 Ðios sæ cwið ðæt ðu ðin scamige, Sidon.
OE Beowulf 1026 No he þære feohgyfte for sceotendum scamigan ðorfte.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 231 Nalde þe cnicht beon sari & scheome ful sare.
a1240 Ureisun in Old Eng. Hom. I. 185 Þe sunne..leoseþ here liht and scomeþ aȝein þi brihte leor of hir þesturnesse.
1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 7159 Þai salle swa schame ay of þair syn.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 17429 Wit þis word scomed þan þe Iuus.
c1440 Alphabet of Tales 120 Som þat shamyd with þer syn, went & shrafe þaim clene þerof.
1534 in T. Wright Three Chapters Lett. Suppression Monasteries (1843) 49 He hath a brasyn forehed, which shameth at nothing.
?a1586 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems (1887) xxxii. 50 I thank my God I shame not of my shap.
1588 R. Greene Pandosto sig. E3 And yet Dorastus shame not at thy shepheards weede.
1606 W. Crashaw Falsificationum Romanarum 52 The brazen face of the whore of Babylon, who shames with no sinne.
1651 J. Jane Εικων Ακλαστος 95 They..shame not at such assertions of falshood as common States blush to be detected of.
1665 H. Ashurst Let. 2 Nov. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) II. 573 I doe very much shame at my mistak as your leter expreseth for my full purpose was humbly to entreat my Lord Chancelers advic with your owne about the peticion, not my Lord Chamberlin.
b. With clause expressing the reason. archaic.
ΚΠ
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care x. 62 Gif we ðonne scomiað þæt we to uncuðum monnum swelc sprecen.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xi. l. 491 Schamys thow nocht that thow neuir ȝeit did gud?
1594 W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. H4 Thou sing'st not in the day, As shaming anie eye should thee behold. View more context for this quotation
1847 C. Norton Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap-bk. 28 I shame that a creature so light, should bid me thus quiver and bleed.
c. Const. to (or †for to) and infinitive. Now rare.
ΚΠ
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xx. 89 Men and wymmen..schamez noȝt for to schew þam as Godd made þam.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) vii. 436 Ȝhe aucht to shame..For to schut at me on Fer!
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xx Elyzabeth..shamyd not for Crystis sake to wesshe ye Sorys & Bylis of Lazars.
a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) 8 Nowe shameth he not on me for to complain.
1601 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor ii. ii. sig. E2 Art thou a man? and sham'st thou not to beg? View more context for this quotation
1659 J. Milton Considerations touching Hirelings To Parl. sig. A10 Clergie; who shame not..to maintain..thir Popish and oft refuted positions.
1840 Lady C. M. C. Bury Hist. Flirt xv A folly I shamed to confess.
1862 D. M. Mulock Domest. Stories 210 I shame to say that [etc.].
2. impersonal transitive, as in (it) shames me = I am ashamed. Const. to (or for to) and infinitive, a clause, or for; in Old English also genitive of cause. In later use only with it. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > be ashamed [verb (intransitive)]
to have shamec888
forshamec897
(it) shames mec897
shamec897
ashamec1000
to think shamec1450
to take shame to (unto, upon) oneself1509
blush1530
curl1913
c897 K. Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care xxi. 164 Oððe hwa bið gescended, ðæt me forðæm ne scamige?
c1000 Ælfric Genesis ii. 25 Hi wæron þa butu nacode..and him þæs ne sceamode.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2422 Him swiðe scomede. þat he swa i-scend wes.
c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 22 Delve may Y not, and me shameþ for to begge.
c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Prol. 3 To asken help thee shameth in thyn herte.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur viii. xxxix. 332 Me shamed att that tyme to haue more a doo with you.
3. transitive. To feel shame in regard to (a person or thing); to hold in awe or reverence; to dread or shun through shame. Obsolete or archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > fear > awe > be in awe of a person or thing [verb (transitive)]
dreadc1175
to stand awe ofc1300
shamec1384
redoubt?c1400
to stand in awe of1483
to be in awe of1553
tender1600
the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > respect > reverence > revere [verb (transitive)]
honourc1275
shamec1384
to hold (also have) (a person or thing) in (great, etc.) reverencec1405
worshipc1450
to have, or hold in veneration?a1475
to worship the ground (a person) walks (also treads) onc1525
reverence1548
revere1558
reverent1565
shrine1592
saint1597
venerate1623
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Heb. xi. 27 Not schamynge, or dredynge [L. non veritus], the hardnesse of the kyng.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark xii. 6 For by hap thei schulen schame my sone, or drede with reuerence [L. reverebuntur].
a1592 R. Greene Sc. Hist. Iames IV (1598) v. sig. K My maister sad! (for why he shames the Court) Is fled away.
1885 R. Bridges Eros & Psyche iii. xxviii. 38 And when at night her love flew to his place, More than afore she shamed his fond embrace.
4. † b. reflexive. To be ashamed. Const. of, for, or infinitive.
a. To make ashamed, fill with shame, cause to feel shame.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > shame [verb (transitive)]
shendc825
shame1530
ashame1591
affront1670
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 701/1 I shame one,..I make one chaunge coloures.
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 i. iv. 121 To tell thee of whence thou art, from whom deriu'de, Twere shame enough to shame thee, wert thou not shamelesse.
1639 J. Mayne Citye Match iv. v. 43 Then, Sir, she is so modest... The least Obscene word shames her.
1734 A. Pope Epist. to Arbuthnot i. 89 Who shames a Scribler? break one cobweb thro', He spins the slight, self-pleasing thread anew.
1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) Prol. 7 I wish I were Some mighty poetess, I would shame you then, That love to keep us children!
1859 Ld. Tennyson Elaine in Idylls of King 158 Nay, father,..shame me not Before this noble knight.
1889 J. M. Barrie Window in Thrums xviii. 166 The love Leeby bore for Jamie was such that in their younger days it shamed him.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > be ashamed [verb (reflexive)]
shamea1250
a1250 Owl & Night. (Jesus Oxf.) 161 Schomye [Cott. Schamie] þe vor þine vnrede.
c1375 Cato 573 in Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. 603 Þat þou ne const, schome þe not Of oþere to ben I-tauht.
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection ii. sig. Riii And so he shameth hymselfe.
1825 W. Scott Betrothed xv, in Tales Crusaders II. 325 ‘Rise, rise, De Lacy; and shame thee of thy petition,’ said the King.
c. passive. To be ashamed. Const. of, at, for, with, †upon, infinitive, or subordinate clause. Now poetic.
ΚΠ
c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 1727 For sory of his frendes sorwe he is, And shamed, for his nece hath doon a-mis.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 636 Naked war þai bath tway, þai were noght schamed par ma fay.
a1400–50 Wars Alex. 469 So was scho schamed of þe schont þat hire þe shalk made.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8250 Than shamet was the shalke for the shene ladies.
1613 W. Browne Britannia's Pastorals I. ii. 31 The flowers pull'd in their heads as being sham'd Their beauties by the others were defam'd.
1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering II. 69 He's sair shamed o' himsell.
1850 Ld. Tennyson Princess (ed. 3) iii. 53 Pardon, I am shamed That I must needs repeat for my excuse What looks so little graceful.
1877 R. Browning tr. Aeschylus Agamemnon 119 The opposite to say I shall not shamed be.
d. to tell (say, speak) the truth and shame the devil: to tell the truth boldly in defiance of temptation to the contrary.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > truthfulness, veracity > speak truly [verb (intransitive)] > regardless of consequences
to tell (say, speak) the truth and shame the devil1562
1562 Certayn Serm. preached in Lincs. in H. Latimer 27 Serm. ii. f. 85v There is a common saying amongest vs, Say the truthe and shame the diuel.
1562 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique 76 b Saie on beast, and shame the deuil.
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. i. 55 I can teach thee coose to shame the deuil, By telling truth. Tel truth and shame the deuil. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. ii. 110 Now shall the diuel be sham'd. View more context for this quotation
1658 J. Bramhall Consecration Protestant Bishops Justified i. 7 Compell him..to shame the divell, and eate his owne words.
1738 J. Swift Compl. Coll. Genteel Conversat. 93 Come, tell Truth, and shame the Devil.
1893 G. Allen Scallywag I. 151 ‘Because he's so much richer’, Paul answered, boldly shaming the devil.
5.
a. To inflict or bring disgrace upon; to disgrace, dishonour; to be a cause of disgrace to.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [verb (transitive)]
to say or speak (one) shamec950
to bring, make to shondOE
awemOE
shamec1175
unmenskc1225
to bring, shape, turn to shamea1250
to do villainy or a villainy1303
to bring, drive to scornc1320
honisha1325
dishonesta1382
unhonourc1384
defamea1387
slandera1387
disworshipa1450
vituper1484
disfamea1533
to shend ofc1540
defect1542
dishonour1568
disgrace1573
escandalize1574
mishonour1576
yshend1579
scandalize1583
traduce1605
beclown1609
dedecorate1609
disdignify1625
vilify1651
lynch1836
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 18284 Hefiȝlike he shameþþ þe & shendeþþ & unnwurrþeþþ.
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15209 Þey wyþ tailles þe godeman schamed.
c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 849 Here may I nat dwelle And shamen al my kynrede in this place.
1495 Trevisa's Bartholomeus De Proprietatibus Rerum (de Worde) xv. xii. sig. Fvv/2 Yf it happe that thou be ouercome, thenne arte thou shamyd for euermore.
1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 701/1 I was of good name and fame afore he shamed me by this yvell reporte.
1556 J. Olde tr. R. Gwalther Antichrist f. 64v This John..shamed the Churche of Rome wonderfully wt his lyuing.
1647 N. Nye Art of Gunnery i. 28 When Gunpowder is moist..it shameth the Gunner which useth it.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 461 Where he fell flat, and sham'd his Worshipers. View more context for this quotation
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 807 Rusting there..What wonder if, discharg'd into the world, They shame their shooters with a random flight.
1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) iv. ii. 125 Doge... Let us go worthy of our sires and selves. Ber. F. I shall not shame you, uncle.
1900 Daily Tel. 18 Oct. 11/1 We tortured no prisoners,..we shamed no women.
b. with a thing as object.
ΚΠ
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xiii. 10 Þe counsaile of þe helples ȝe shamed.
1581 J. Marbeck Bk. Notes & Common Places 1124 S. Paule saith, yt euery man which prayeth or precheth wt couered head, shameth his head.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 427 He..prostitutes and shames His noble office.
1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. viii. 65 If,..there be A land of souls beyond that sable shore, To shame the doctrine of the Sadducee.
1842 Ld. Tennyson Lady Clare in Poems (new ed.) II. 198 O Lady Clare, you shame your worth!
1866 H. Bushnell Vicarious Sacrifice i. v. 111 The losses..that shame his saving work.
6. To confound or put to shame by superior excellence; to outrival.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > outdoing or surpassing > outdo or surpass [verb (transitive)] > put in the shade or put to shame
shamec1400
to put down1494
extinguish1551
stain1557
overshadow1581
cloud1582
defacea1592
shend1596
to lay up1601
to shine down1623
dazzle1643
umbrage1647
foila1687
efface1717
eclipse1718
shade?1748
put into the shade1796
to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819
to put to shame1854
to leave (a person) standing1864
to lay over1869
blanket1884
upstage1921
c1400 Rule of St. Benet (prose) 47 Bot we..þat er..of febil lif, þis gude lif schamis vs, and confundis.
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Eiij Wherin she fram'd thee, in hie heauens despight, To shame the sunne by day, and her by night.
1611 Second Maiden's Trag. (1909) iv. iii. 55 How pittie strikes een throughe inscensible thinges And makes them shame our dullnes.
1741 W. Shenstone Judgm. Hercules 82 Her blushing cheeks, that sham'd the purple morn.
1841–4 R. W. Emerson Nature in Wks. (1906) I. 224 Here [i.e. in the forest] is sanctity which shames our religions.
1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son lviii. 586 My gal who'll soon get better, and shame 'em all with her good looks.
7.
a. With adverb complement or adverbial phrase: to drive away (etc.) through shame.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > shame [verb (transitive)] > drive away through shame
shame1598
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > causing to go away > command to go away [verb (transitive)] > drive away > by shame
shame1598
1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 iii. i. 58 And ile be sworne I haue power to shame him hence. View more context for this quotation
c1644 J. Cleveland Rebell Scot in Poems (1659) 53 Hyperbolus by suffering did traduce The Ostracism, and sham'd it out of use.
1682 T. D'Urfey Butler's Ghost 36 My Head's not such a thing of no worth, 'Tis to be sham'd away, and so forth.
1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 53 You would have shamed despotism from the earth. View more context for this quotation
1859 Habits Good Society 52 The turbulent state of the country..leaving, when bloodshed was shamed back, the same deadly hatred.
b. To drive (one) out of, into (a state, course of action, etc.) through shame or fear of shame.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > shame [verb (transitive)] > drive into or out of through shame
shame1679
1679 J. Goodman Penitent Pardoned (1713) iii. iv. 330 Railery may go about to shame him out of his course.
c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) II. 545 When the practice of others..shames you into a compliance with them.
1775 R. B. Sheridan Rivals Epil. Shamed into sense,..Our beaux from gallantry would soon be wise.
1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. xlvi. 81 Philip..shamed his son out of his suspicions by an indignant expostulation.
1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 284 The considerable armament, which the news of Hannibal's triumphant progress through Italy had at last shamed the Carthaginians into raising for him.
Derivatives
shamed adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > [adjective]
ashamedOE
shamefastc1275
shamefulc1440
hontous?1473
vergoynous1484
shamed1508
shamefaced1873
shame1883
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > disgrace or dishonour > [adjective] > disgraced or dishonoured
shentc1440
hontous?1473
defamed1474
shamed1508
renownless1552
opprobrious1569
distained1590
ruined1596
dishonorate1601
dishonoured1608
disgraceda1616
scandalleda1616
baffled1671
1508 W. Kennedy Flyting (Chepman & Myllar) in Poems W. Dunbar (1998) I. 218 Defamyt, blamyt, schamyt primas paganorum.
a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) iii. xviii. sig. Ss7 No, shamed Musidorus, worthie for nothing, but to keepe sheepe.
1874 A. O'Shaughnessy Music & Moonlight 125 In the shamed and the ruined love's stead.
1880 G. Meredith Tragic Comedians II. ix. 139 With..secret aim, which he nursed like a shamed mother of an infant.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.c725
adj.1883
v.c897