sensuousadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈsɛnsjʊəs/,

/ˈsɛnʃʊəs/, U.S.

/ˈsɛn(t)ʃəwəs/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin sensus , -ous suffix.

Etymology: < classical Latin sensus sense n. + -ous suffix.Apparently coined by Milton in an attempt to avoid the sexual connotations of sensual adj., and adopted from him by Coleridge; see also note at sense A. 2. In practice there has been considerable semantic overlap between the two words since the mid 19th cent.

A. adj.

a. Of, relating to, or concerned with the senses or sensation; derived from or perceived by the senses.See note in etymology. The absence of evidence for the word from the 17th and 18th centuries, other than Milton's (and Johnson's misapprehension of his use: see note at sense A. 2), strongly suggests that Coleridge's assertion of more widespread usage in earlier writers is incorrect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > [adjective] > of or relating to the senses

sensuous1641

1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 3 The Soule..finding the ease she had from her visible, and sensuous collegue the body in performance of Religious duties..shifted off from her selfe, the labour of high soaring any more.

1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 6 To which Poetry would be made subsequent, or indeed rather precedent, as being lesse suttle and fine, but more simple, sensuous and passionate.

1814 S. T. Coleridge Princ. Genial Crit. iii, in Farley's Bristol Jrnl. 27 Aug. Thus to express in one word what belongs to the senses, or the recipient and more passive faculty of the soul, I have re-introduced the word, sensuous, used among many others of our elder writers by Milton.

1817 S. T. Coleridge Biographia Literaria I. v. 99 Plato adopted it [sc. Ιδεα] as a technical term, and as the antithesis to Ειδωλα, or sensuous images.

1843 R. W. Emerson Transcendentalist in Dial Jan. 298 The idealist..does not deny the sensuous fact:..but he will not see that alone.

1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 154 The external or sensuous qualities of art.

1904 G. S. Hall Adolescence II. xii. 179 Culture developed through the four stages of manism, when each [sc. the moon, sun, planets, etc.] was regarded as only the sensuous object it seemed, [etc.].

1977 Ballet Rev. 6 ii. 74 The idealists and many of the rationalists hold that the sensuous body is reducible to, or generated by, or somehow absorbed in, the functioning of mind.

2015 J. S. Hendrix Unconscious Thought in Philos. & Psychoanal. v. 158 Abbildung is direct image formation, the power to depict a sensuous object, or reproduce it as phenomenon.

b. Of a belief, concept, etc.: relating to or based on what is perceptible by the senses; material. Also: (of language or its components) relating to physical objects.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [adjective] > based on sensation

sensuous1853

the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > meaning or signification > [adjective] > relating to sensible objects

sensuous1853

1853 Evangelical Mag. Jan. 27/2 The views of Kant have an apparent identity with the sensuous theory.

1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech iv. 152 Languages very crude and sensuous in their character.

1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals 132 The familiar and sensuous theology of Homer.

1906 Reader Sept. 450/2 The sensuous empiricism of Locke and the materialistic Deism of the French school.

1976 T. Eagleton Crit. & Ideol. iv. 147 Eliot is able to combine an idealist totality with the sensuous empiricism which is its other aspect.

2012 Jrnl. Mod. Lit. 36 i. 55 Reaching the physical world beyond the book through the sensuous basis of language.

†2. Probably: full of tender or passionate feelings. Obsolete. rare.Johnson's definition in quot. 1755 is based on a misapprehension of quot. 1644 at sense A. 1a. Lady Morgan's use of the word (four times in all) in her popular novel Woman: or Ida of Athens (see quots. 1809¹, 1809²) is most likely based on Johnson, and may have contributed to the word's revival.

ΚΠ

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Sensuous, tender; pathetick; full of passion.]

1809 Lady Morgan Woman I. 126 In the pleasure-breathing form of the elegant and sensuous greek [sic] he saw nothing but incitement, and from her yielding, tender mind he expected nothing but compliance.

1809 Lady Morgan Woman IV. 284 The dark and languid eyes, humid and bright in their bewitching softness, were fastened on the earth, timidity and love mingling their sensurous [sic] expressions, chased from the beamy countenance each trace of pride and suffering.

a. Of pleasure, enjoyment, etc.: received through the senses.In later use often coloured by sense A. 3b, with the implication of indulging in passive enjoyment.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > [adjective] > received through the senses (of pleasure)

sensualc1443

sensuous1821

1821 C. Lloyd Desultory Thoughts London 124 So ne'er were sensuous pleasures fairly got, 'Till held unconsciously as though held not.

1877 W. Black Green Pastures (1878) xxxvii. 295 It was something to gaze on with a placid and sensuous satisfaction.

1909 E. R. Tennant in Expositor Aug. 123 That sensuous pleasure is a possibility is..a thing to give God thanks for.

1953 S. Plath Jrnl. 24 Jan. (2000) 164 And now the sensuous delight of sitting warm and clear-eyed at my desk, looking out of the window into the thick, steamy, rain-lashed dripping air, and hearing the cars slithering by.

2014 J. O. Young Critique Pure Music v. 158 Many listeners report receiving sensuous pleasure from music.

b. Attractive or gratifying to the senses; physically pleasurable.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > [adjective] > pleasing to the senses > of surroundings or climate

delicate1553

sensuous1858

snug1888

1858 Ballou's Monthly Mag. Apr. 378/2 Tropic gardens flung out their wealth of fragrance on the soft, sensuous air.

1878 J. Miller Songs Italy 51 How sensuous the night! how soft was the sound Of her voice on the night.

1905 Daily Chron. 17 July 8/6 The cigarette-laden air of the sensuous room.

1977 N.Y. Times 3 Apr. (Long Island Weekly section) 24/2 The Island is a sensuous place.

2005 G. Farrer-Halls Aromatherapy Bible i. 42 To create a sensuous evening atmosphere you could try rose, patchouli, mandarin and sandalwood.

a. Readily affected by the senses; keenly responsive to pleasure derived from the senses.Generally without the pejorative overtones of sensual adj. 3a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > [adjective] > keenly alive to pleasures of senses

sensuous1836

1836 A. Kaufman tr. A. Tholuck Comm. Gospel St. John vi. 157 The more the sensuous multitude [Ger. der sinnliche Haufe] could promise themselves external happiness from such a man of God, they were the more anxious to make him their earthly ruler.

1875 J. R. Lowell in N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 370 A poet is innocently sensuous when his mind permeates and illumines his senses; when they..muddy the mind, he becomes sensual.

1909 F. Harris The Man Shakespeare ii. xv. 406 He has all the qualities and all the shortcomings of the reflective, humane, sensuous artist temperament.

1978 T. M. Horner Jonathan loved David vii. 92 The Romans indulged in it [sc. homosexuality] with a relish that highly sensuous people..frequently do.

2014 T. W. Smith On Flinching iii. 150 Paul Verlaine, famous..as a sensuous poet.

b. Of facial features: believed to indicate keen responsiveness to pleasure derived from the senses. Cf. sensual adj. 3d.In later use sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense A. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > [adjective] > keenly alive to pleasures of senses > of features indicating temperament

sensuous1843

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective]

flatc1400

hardc1400

low-cheeredc1400

large?a1425

ruscledc1440

well-visagedc1440

platter-faced1533

well-faced1534

full-faced1543

fair-faced1553

bright-faceda1560

crab-faced1563

crab-snouted1563

crab-tree-faced1563

long-visaged1584

owlya1586

wainscot-faced1588

flaberkin1592

rough-hewn1593

angel-faced1594

round-faced1594

crab-favoured1596

rugged1596

weasel-faced1596

rough-faced1598

half-faced1600

chitty1601

lenten-faced1604

broad-faced1607

dog-faced1607

weaselled-faced1607

wry-faced1607

maid-faced1610

warp-faced1611

ill-faceda1616

lean-faceda1616

old-faceda1616

moon-faced1619

monkey-faced1620

chitty-face1622

chitty-faceda1627

lean-chapt1629

antic-faced1635

bloat-faced1638

bacon-facea1640

blue-faced1640

hatchet-faced1648

grave1650

lean-jawed1679

smock-faced1684

lean-visaged1686

flaber1687

baby-faced1692

splatter-faced1707

chubby1722

puggy1722

block-faced1751

haggard-looking1756

long-faced1762

haggardly1763

fresh-faced1766

dough-faced1773

pudding-faced1777

baby-featured1780

fat-faced1782

haggard1787

weazen-face1794

keen1798

ferret-like1801

lean-cheeked1812

mulberry-faced1812

open-faced1813

open-countenanced1819

chiselled1821

hatchety1821

misfeatured1822

terse1824

weazen-faced1824

mahogany-faced1825

clock-faced1827

sharp1832

sensual1833

beef-faced1838

weaselly1838

ferret-faced1840

sensuous1843

rat-faced1844

recedent1849

neat-faced1850

cherubimical1854

pinch-faced1859

cherubic1860

frownya1861

receding1866

weak1882

misfeaturing1885

platopic1885

platyopic1885

pro-opic1885

wind-splitting1890

falcon-face1891

blunt-featured1916

bun-faced1927

fish-faced1963

1843 Boston Post 7 Feb. His full sensuous (not sensual) lips fully balance his eminently intellectual forehead and eyes.

1895 H. R. Haggard Heart of World (1899) vii. 100 His mouth was cruel and sensuous.

1909 E. Thomas Jefferies 122 His expression [was] sensuous, tender, ‘silent and aware’.

1982 U. Bentley Nat. Order (1983) 19 Her mouth was red and sensuous, never completely at rest, of the type frequently called generous.

2004 Cinéblitz Internat. June 46/1 The international looking Aishwarya with the pouting lips and the sensuous eyes.

5. Of life or a way of living: devoted to the gratification of the senses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [adjective]

sensible?a1425

voluptuousc1440

sensual1502

epicurish1548

epicurious1553

epicureala1555

epicurean1583

volupt1585

flesh-pleasing1647

sensuistic1839

sensuous1858

apolaustic1871

1858 Daily News 18 May 7/3 He lived like a fighting-cock all the time, kept a splendid house with a large retinue of servants, and might be said to have enjoyed a sensuous life.

1859 I. Taylor Logic in Theol. 309 A sensuous or a frivolous life.

1912 New-Church Messenger 27 Mar. 198/1 Men began to live a sensuous life believing only the things that reported to their minds through..their bodily senses.

1970 R. Schacht Alienation iii. 73 He designates as essential two other general kinds of life: ‘social life’, or existence in fellowship with other men, and ‘sensuous life’, or cultivation and enjoyment of the senses.

2011 A. Eastham Aesthetic Afterlives iv. 86 The examples of Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde set an ideal of a sensuous life to come.

B. n.

With the. That which is sensuous.

ΚΠ

1818 S. T. Coleridge Friend (new ed.) I. 267 The Understanding wherever it does not possess or use the Reason, as another and inward eye, may be defined the conception of the Sensuous.

1883 M. Chapman tr. P. A. R. Janet Theory of Morals i. vi. 116 We see that the sensuous is extraneous to the good, and is only its exterior form.

1916 Colonnade Mar. 78 Art is by nature amphibolous; because of art's position in both the sensuous and the spiritual.

1988 L. A. Blom & L. T. Chaplin Moment of Movement iii. 28 The improv experience strives for access to movement nonjudgementally—to the blunt and the grounded, the funny and the bizarre, the sensuous and the lyric.

2007 Church Times 16 Mar. 25/1 It has always had trouble distinguishing the sensual from the sensuous.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	sensuous
释义	sensuousadj.n. Brit. /ˈsɛnsjʊəs/, /ˈsɛnʃʊəs/, U.S. /ˈsɛn(t)ʃəwəs/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin sensus , -ous suffix. Etymology: < classical Latin sensus sense n. + -ous suffix.Apparently coined by Milton in an attempt to avoid the sexual connotations of sensual adj., and adopted from him by Coleridge; see also note at sense A. 2. In practice there has been considerable semantic overlap between the two words since the mid 19th cent. A. adj. 1. a. Of, relating to, or concerned with the senses or sensation; derived from or perceived by the senses.See note in etymology. The absence of evidence for the word from the 17th and 18th centuries, other than Milton's (and Johnson's misapprehension of his use: see note at sense A. 2), strongly suggests that Coleridge's assertion of more widespread usage in earlier writers is incorrect. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > [adjective] > of or relating to the senses sensuous1641 1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 3 The Soule..finding the ease she had from her visible, and sensuous collegue the body in performance of Religious duties..shifted off from her selfe, the labour of high soaring any more. 1644 J. Milton Of Educ. 6 To which Poetry would be made subsequent, or indeed rather precedent, as being lesse suttle and fine, but more simple, sensuous and passionate. 1814 S. T. Coleridge Princ. Genial Crit. iii, in Farley's Bristol Jrnl. 27 Aug. Thus to express in one word what belongs to the senses, or the recipient and more passive faculty of the soul, I have re-introduced the word, sensuous, used among many others of our elder writers by Milton. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biographia Literaria I. v. 99 Plato adopted it [sc. Ιδεα] as a technical term, and as the antithesis to Ειδωλα, or sensuous images. 1843 R. W. Emerson Transcendentalist in Dial Jan. 298 The idealist..does not deny the sensuous fact:..but he will not see that alone. 1859 T. J. Gullick & J. Timbs Painting 154 The external or sensuous qualities of art. 1904 G. S. Hall Adolescence II. xii. 179 Culture developed through the four stages of manism, when each [sc. the moon, sun, planets, etc.] was regarded as only the sensuous object it seemed, [etc.]. 1977 Ballet Rev. 6 ii. 74 The idealists and many of the rationalists hold that the sensuous body is reducible to, or generated by, or somehow absorbed in, the functioning of mind. 2015 J. S. Hendrix Unconscious Thought in Philos. & Psychoanal. v. 158 Abbildung is direct image formation, the power to depict a sensuous object, or reproduce it as phenomenon. b. Of a belief, concept, etc.: relating to or based on what is perceptible by the senses; material. Also: (of language or its components) relating to physical objects. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > expressed belief, opinion > [adjective] > based on sensation sensuous1853 the mind > language > linguistics > semantics > meaning or signification > [adjective] > relating to sensible objects sensuous1853 1853 Evangelical Mag. Jan. 27/2 The views of Kant have an apparent identity with the sensuous theory. 1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech iv. 152 Languages very crude and sensuous in their character. 1871 J. S. Blackie Four Phases Morals 132 The familiar and sensuous theology of Homer. 1906 Reader Sept. 450/2 The sensuous empiricism of Locke and the materialistic Deism of the French school. 1976 T. Eagleton Crit. & Ideol. iv. 147 Eliot is able to combine an idealist totality with the sensuous empiricism which is its other aspect. 2012 Jrnl. Mod. Lit. 36 i. 55 Reaching the physical world beyond the book through the sensuous basis of language. †2. Probably: full of tender or passionate feelings. Obsolete. rare.Johnson's definition in quot. 1755 is based on a misapprehension of quot. 1644 at sense A. 1a. Lady Morgan's use of the word (four times in all) in her popular novel Woman: or Ida of Athens (see quots. 1809¹, 1809²) is most likely based on Johnson, and may have contributed to the word's revival. ΚΠ 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Sensuous, tender; pathetick; full of passion.] 1809 Lady Morgan Woman I. 126 In the pleasure-breathing form of the elegant and sensuous greek [sic] he saw nothing but incitement, and from her yielding, tender mind he expected nothing but compliance. 1809 Lady Morgan Woman IV. 284 The dark and languid eyes, humid and bright in their bewitching softness, were fastened on the earth, timidity and love mingling their sensurous [sic] expressions, chased from the beamy countenance each trace of pride and suffering. 3. a. Of pleasure, enjoyment, etc.: received through the senses.In later use often coloured by sense A. 3b, with the implication of indulging in passive enjoyment. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > [adjective] > received through the senses (of pleasure) sensualc1443 sensuous1821 1821 C. Lloyd Desultory Thoughts London 124 So ne'er were sensuous pleasures fairly got, 'Till held unconsciously as though held not. 1877 W. Black Green Pastures (1878) xxxvii. 295 It was something to gaze on with a placid and sensuous satisfaction. 1909 E. R. Tennant in Expositor Aug. 123 That sensuous pleasure is a possibility is..a thing to give God thanks for. 1953 S. Plath Jrnl. 24 Jan. (2000) 164 And now the sensuous delight of sitting warm and clear-eyed at my desk, looking out of the window into the thick, steamy, rain-lashed dripping air, and hearing the cars slithering by. 2014 J. O. Young Critique Pure Music v. 158 Many listeners report receiving sensuous pleasure from music. b. Attractive or gratifying to the senses; physically pleasurable. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > [adjective] > pleasing to the senses > of surroundings or climate delicate1553 sensuous1858 snug1888 1858 Ballou's Monthly Mag. Apr. 378/2 Tropic gardens flung out their wealth of fragrance on the soft, sensuous air. 1878 J. Miller Songs Italy 51 How sensuous the night! how soft was the sound Of her voice on the night. 1905 Daily Chron. 17 July 8/6 The cigarette-laden air of the sensuous room. 1977 N.Y. Times 3 Apr. (Long Island Weekly section) 24/2 The Island is a sensuous place. 2005 G. Farrer-Halls Aromatherapy Bible i. 42 To create a sensuous evening atmosphere you could try rose, patchouli, mandarin and sandalwood. 4. a. Readily affected by the senses; keenly responsive to pleasure derived from the senses.Generally without the pejorative overtones of sensual adj. 3a. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > [adjective] > keenly alive to pleasures of senses sensuous1836 1836 A. Kaufman tr. A. Tholuck Comm. Gospel St. John vi. 157 The more the sensuous multitude [Ger. der sinnliche Haufe] could promise themselves external happiness from such a man of God, they were the more anxious to make him their earthly ruler. 1875 J. R. Lowell in N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 370 A poet is innocently sensuous when his mind permeates and illumines his senses; when they..muddy the mind, he becomes sensual. 1909 F. Harris The Man Shakespeare ii. xv. 406 He has all the qualities and all the shortcomings of the reflective, humane, sensuous artist temperament. 1978 T. M. Horner Jonathan loved David vii. 92 The Romans indulged in it [sc. homosexuality] with a relish that highly sensuous people..frequently do. 2014 T. W. Smith On Flinching iii. 150 Paul Verlaine, famous..as a sensuous poet. b. Of facial features: believed to indicate keen responsiveness to pleasure derived from the senses. Cf. sensual adj. 3d.In later use sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense A. 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > [adjective] > keenly alive to pleasures of senses > of features indicating temperament sensuous1843 the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > types of face > [adjective] flatc1400 hardc1400 low-cheeredc1400 large?a1425 ruscledc1440 well-visagedc1440 platter-faced1533 well-faced1534 full-faced1543 fair-faced1553 bright-faceda1560 crab-faced1563 crab-snouted1563 crab-tree-faced1563 long-visaged1584 owlya1586 wainscot-faced1588 flaberkin1592 rough-hewn1593 angel-faced1594 round-faced1594 crab-favoured1596 rugged1596 weasel-faced1596 rough-faced1598 half-faced1600 chitty1601 lenten-faced1604 broad-faced1607 dog-faced1607 weaselled-faced1607 wry-faced1607 maid-faced1610 warp-faced1611 ill-faceda1616 lean-faceda1616 old-faceda1616 moon-faced1619 monkey-faced1620 chitty-face1622 chitty-faceda1627 lean-chapt1629 antic-faced1635 bloat-faced1638 bacon-facea1640 blue-faced1640 hatchet-faced1648 grave1650 lean-jawed1679 smock-faced1684 lean-visaged1686 flaber1687 baby-faced1692 splatter-faced1707 chubby1722 puggy1722 block-faced1751 haggard-looking1756 long-faced1762 haggardly1763 fresh-faced1766 dough-faced1773 pudding-faced1777 baby-featured1780 fat-faced1782 haggard1787 weazen-face1794 keen1798 ferret-like1801 lean-cheeked1812 mulberry-faced1812 open-faced1813 open-countenanced1819 chiselled1821 hatchety1821 misfeatured1822 terse1824 weazen-faced1824 mahogany-faced1825 clock-faced1827 sharp1832 sensual1833 beef-faced1838 weaselly1838 ferret-faced1840 sensuous1843 rat-faced1844 recedent1849 neat-faced1850 cherubimical1854 pinch-faced1859 cherubic1860 frownya1861 receding1866 weak1882 misfeaturing1885 platopic1885 platyopic1885 pro-opic1885 wind-splitting1890 falcon-face1891 blunt-featured1916 bun-faced1927 fish-faced1963 1843 Boston Post 7 Feb. His full sensuous (not sensual) lips fully balance his eminently intellectual forehead and eyes. 1895 H. R. Haggard Heart of World (1899) vii. 100 His mouth was cruel and sensuous. 1909 E. Thomas Jefferies 122 His expression [was] sensuous, tender, ‘silent and aware’. 1982 U. Bentley Nat. Order (1983) 19 Her mouth was red and sensuous, never completely at rest, of the type frequently called generous. 2004 Cinéblitz Internat. June 46/1 The international looking Aishwarya with the pouting lips and the sensuous eyes. 5. Of life or a way of living: devoted to the gratification of the senses. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > sensuality > [adjective] sensible?a1425 voluptuousc1440 sensual1502 epicurish1548 epicurious1553 epicureala1555 epicurean1583 volupt1585 flesh-pleasing1647 sensuistic1839 sensuous1858 apolaustic1871 1858 Daily News 18 May 7/3 He lived like a fighting-cock all the time, kept a splendid house with a large retinue of servants, and might be said to have enjoyed a sensuous life. 1859 I. Taylor Logic in Theol. 309 A sensuous or a frivolous life. 1912 New-Church Messenger 27 Mar. 198/1 Men began to live a sensuous life believing only the things that reported to their minds through..their bodily senses. 1970 R. Schacht Alienation iii. 73 He designates as essential two other general kinds of life: ‘social life’, or existence in fellowship with other men, and ‘sensuous life’, or cultivation and enjoyment of the senses. 2011 A. Eastham Aesthetic Afterlives iv. 86 The examples of Walter Pater and Oscar Wilde set an ideal of a sensuous life to come. B. n. With the. That which is sensuous. ΚΠ 1818 S. T. Coleridge Friend (new ed.) I. 267 The Understanding wherever it does not possess or use the Reason, as another and inward eye, may be defined the conception of the Sensuous. 1883 M. Chapman tr. P. A. R. Janet Theory of Morals i. vi. 116 We see that the sensuous is extraneous to the good, and is only its exterior form. 1916 Colonnade Mar. 78 Art is by nature amphibolous; because of art's position in both the sensuous and the spiritual. 1988 L. A. Blom & L. T. Chaplin Moment of Movement iii. 28 The improv experience strives for access to movement nonjudgementally—to the blunt and the grounded, the funny and the bizarre, the sensuous and the lyric. 2007 Church Times 16 Mar. 25/1 It has always had trouble distinguishing the sensual from the sensuous. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1641
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