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单词 septentrion
释义

Septentrionn.adj.

Brit. /sɛpˈtɛntrɪən/, U.S. /sɛpˈtɛntriən/
Inflections: Plural Septentriones Brit. /sɛptɛntrɪˈəʊniːz/, U.S. /sɛpˌtɛntriˈoʊniz/, Septentrions.
Forms: Middle English Septemptryoun, Middle English Septemtrion, Middle English Septemtrione, Middle English Septemtrioun, Middle English Septemtryoun, Middle English–1500s Septemtryon, Middle English–1500s Septentryon, Middle English 1600s Septentrione, Middle English– Septentrion, late Middle English Semptrioun (transmission error); also Scottish pre-1700 Septemtrione.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French septemtriun, septentrion; Latin septentriō.
Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman septemtriun, Anglo-Norman and Middle French septentrion (compare Old French septemtrion , septentriun ; French septentrion ) the north (late 12th cent.), the constellation of the Great Bear (late 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman, 17th cent. in continental French), the constellation of the Little Bear (c1380), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin septentriō (chiefly in plural septentriōnēs , originally septem triōnēs ) the seven stars of the constellation of the Plough, northern quarter of the sky, northerly regions of the world or their inhabitants, northern part of a specified area < septem seven (see septem- comb. form) + triōnēs , plural of triō plough ox, perhaps < the same base as terere to rub (see trite adj.).Compare Spanish septentrión , Italian settentrione (both 13th cent.), Portuguese septentrião (14th cent.), all in the senses ‘the north, the northern regions of the world, the northern part of the heavens’. With sense A. 2b compare Middle English seuene triones in an earlier witness of the text cited in quot. 1478, showing substitution of seven adj. for the first element of the Latin word; it is unclear whether the variant reading vii tyryones should be read as sevene tyryones or as septem tyryones, although the former seems more likely:?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) ii. met. vi. l. 1474 Nero goueyrende by Ceptre alle þe peoples þat ben vndir þe colde sterres þat hyȝten þe seuene triones [?c1425 Cambr. Ii.3.21 vii tyryones; L. septem gelidi triones], þis is to seyn..vndir þe parties of þe norþe.
A. n.
1. The north; a northerly direction; the northern regions of the world; the northern part of the heavens.Now chiefly in translations from French, Spanish, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > North > [noun]
northc1175
Septentriona1393
septentrional?a1425
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 1264 (MED) Constantinople the Cite..Stant untoward Septemtrion, Wher as be weie of pourveance Hath Aries the governance.
c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 381 He..This wide world hadde in subieccioun Bothe Est and West North [read South] and Septemtrioun.
1503 tr. Kalendayr Shyppars sig. hviiiv Drawyng towart the septentryon and other tymys towart the myd day.
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 i. iv. 137 Thou art as opposite to euerie good, As the Antipodes are vnto vs, Or as the south to the Septentrion.
1652 J. Wright tr. J.-P. Camus Nature's Paradox xii. 368 The Polonians have two powerfull..neighbours, the Moscovianns towards the Septentrion and the Turk in the Orientall part.
1729 W. Hatchett tr. G. B. Comazzi Morals Princes xxxvii. 345 While Aurelian was imploy'd in the Septentrion, the Marcomanians enter'd Lombardy.
1875 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 20 Oct. 5/3 Though the North-West Passage problem has..been geographically solved, the discovery is, after all, but a small factor of what is sought for in the exploration of the Septentrion.
2018 Mod. Lang. Rev. 113 404 A timely scientific rediscovery of France's multiple contacts with the Septentrion during a period which was for far too long considered as being exclusively dominated by curiosity towards the Mediterranean.
2.
a. In singular. The prominent group of seven stars known as the Plough (also Charles’s Wain; the Big Dipper) in the northern constellation Ursa Major. Occasionally: the constellation Ursa Minor. Now historical.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Ursa Major
Ursac888
Arcturusc1374
beara1398
Ursa Major1398
ploughc1425
Septentrionc1425
seven starsc1425
Great Bear1555
plough star1558
Helice1596
polar bear1648
dipper1842
Big Dipper1856
the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Ursa Minor
beara1398
Septentrionc1425
horn1513
Little Bear1555
cynosure1596
Ursa Minor1728
dog's tail1851
c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) i. l. 674 (MED) Þe sterrys and constellacioun, Whiche þe axtre rounde aboute goon, Þat clerkis calle þe Septemtryon.
?1556 N. Smyth in tr. Herodian Hist. Annot. sig. Gg.iii This name Septentrion..commeth of that, that .vij. starres doo make a signe in the heauen in forme of a wayne, & oxen yoked to labour.
1836 I. C. Wright tr. B. Lombardi in tr. Dante Purgatorio 445 (note) As we call septentrion the seven stars of the Ursa Major, visible in our heaven, so Dante calls septentrion, the before mentioned lights of the candelabras.
1981 M. Musa in tr. Dante Divine Comedy (1985) II. xxx. 325 The constellation sometimes called Septentrion is probably the Little Dipper (Ursa Minor), which contains seven stars, including the North Star.
1994 H. Weinfield in tr. S. Mallarmé Coll. Poems 274/2 The Septentrion is the seven stars of the Dipper that point to the North Star, and the physical layout of the text on this folio forms a hieroglyph of the Dipper.
b. In plural. The seven stars forming this group; (occasionally) the stars of Ursa Minor. Now historical.
ΚΠ
1478 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Caxton) ii. met. vi This Nero gouerned by ceptre al the peoples that be vnder the colde sterres that highten the septemtriones.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Evv Ye seuen starres called Septentriones (being not farre from Vrsa maior called charles wayne).
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. ii. xxv. 16 That region of the skie which is under the North starre Septentriones.
1654 E. Gayton Pleasant Notes Don Quixot iv. xxv. 286 What influence the septentriones had upon him..is to be easily guess'd.
1859 Ld. Lytton Wanderer 21 Wild Desire; Which, hungering for the sources of the suns, Makes moan beyond the blue Septentrions.
1872 Pop. Sci. Monthly Dec. 228 The ‘seven stars’ of Ursa Major—the Septentriones of the ancients—are known to all.
1963 A. Huxley Lit. & Sci. xix. 46 The Ptolemaic system..is here taken for granted. But fortunately Shakespeare refrains from going into details. There are none of Donne's trepidations, none of Dante's Septentrions of the First Heaven.
3. A northerner. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of specific region > [noun] > northern people > person
northerner1283
Septentrion1607
northerling1616
northern1774
northlander1797
hyperborean1816
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 42 There is a constellation called the beare in the figure of seauen Starres like a Carte... The Septentrions call them Triones, that is yoked Oxen.
1854 J. R. Lowell Jrnl. Italy in Wks. (1890) I. 175 We graver-tempered and -mannered Septentrions.
B. adj.
Northern. Cf. septentrional adj. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > direction > cardinal points > North > [adjective]
northwardeOE
northlyeOE
northOE
northenc1175
northerna1225
septentrionalc1392
Septentrion1541
septentrial1542
northerly1556
norland1577
northernly1594
septentrionical1654
northwardly1676
septentrionic1829
1541 R. Barlow tr. M. Fernández de Enciso Brief Summe Geogr. (1932) 37 Ffraunce stondeth betwene the levant see and the ocean see, and on the southwest part it hathe spayne and the monteynes perineos and on the septentrion parte it hathe germania.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. vii. 318 The Sunne declining North-ward.., and warming..the Septentrion sides of these Cynthian mountaynes.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 31 A ridge of hills That screen'd the fruits of the earth and seats of men From cold Septentrion blasts. View more context for this quotation
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision II. xxxii. 98 And in their hands upheld those lights secure From blast septentrion and the gusty south.
a1849 H. Coleridge Poems (1850) II. 251 Their countless hosts Sped from their chill septentrion nursery.
1924 Independent (N.Y.) 12 Apr. 202/1 Captain Roald Amundsen will ‘put it to the touch’ again, attempting the flight from Spitzbergen to Alaska over the Septentrion Pole.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.adj.a1393
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