shittimn.

Brit.

/ˈʃɪtɪm/, U.S.

/ˈʃɪdəm/

Forms:

α. Middle English sechim, Middle English sechym, Middle English sichym, Middle English sychym.

β. Middle English cetyne, 1500s seathin, 1500s–1600s sethim, 1500s–1600s sethin, 1500s–1600s setim.

γ. 1500s–1600s sittim, 1600s– shittim.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Hebrew. Etymons: French sethim; Latin setim; Hebrew šiṭṭīm, šiṭṭāh.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French sethim, sethin, setin shittah tree (c1300 in Old French; earlier in Anglo-Norman as sechim (c1175 in an apparently isolated attestation: see note below; French sétim )), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin setim, sethim, setthim (Vulgate), and that word's etymon (iii) Hebrew šiṭṭīm, plural of šiṭṭāh shittah n.In α. forms probably by folk-etymological association with Sechim (now Shechem ; also †Settim , †Sittim , etc.; post-classical Latin Sechem , Sichem < Hebrew Šĕ̆ḵem ; now Shechem ), the name of a Canaanite town (later the first capital of the kingdom of Israel) on the site of the modern town of Nablus; compare: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cl. 1048 Sechim is a name of an hille and of a cuntrey and of a tree.Anglo-Norman sechim may likewise be influenced by association with the biblical place name. In γ. forms directly < Hebrew.

a. = shittah n. Also attributive. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > African

shittima1382

citrus1555

cam-wood1699

jacaranda1753

kokerboom1774

quiver tree1789

geelhout1790

rooihout1790

yellowwood1790

mat-wood1792

assegai1793

assegai tree1793

hardpear1801

rooi els1801

argan1809

beaver-wood1810

mat tree1812

saffraan1819

salie1819

sneezewood1834

African teak1842

hyawaballi1851

sage-wood1854

mvule1858

til1858

yari-yari1858

cannibal stinkwood1859

kiaat1862

knobwood1862

milkwood1862

tryssil1862

sulphur-tree1863

khaya1864

cailcedra1866

flat-crown1868

umzimbeet1870

kuka1882

odum1887

iroko1890

opepe1891

Natal mahogany1904

muhimbi1906

obeche1906

agba1908

makoré1915

afara1920

agboin1920

abura1921

podo1922

afrormosia1923

guarea1936

Mansonia1936

dahoma1955

utile1956

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > biblical timber trees

gopher-wood1611

shittah tree1611

shittim1668

α.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xxv. 5 Treese of sychim [a1425 L.V. Sechym; L. setim].

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cl. 1048 Sechim [L. sethim] is a name..of a tree þat is liche to whiteþorn in leues.

c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 52 (MED) The burdoun..was..maad of tre of Sechim..On the ende anhy was a pomelle of a round mirour.

β. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 79 The tree in whiche this glas stode..was named cetyne, hit sholde endure euer er it wold rote.1592 T. Lodge Euphues' Golden Legacie B j b Her tongue of a Sethin leafe, that neuer wagges but with a Southeast winde.1592 R. Greene Philomela sig. F3^v As if he had..eaten of the seathin root, that maketh a man to be as cruell in heart as it is hard in the rynde.1656 T. Blount Glossographia Sethim or Setim. Sittim.γ. 1656 [see β. ]. 1668 J. Owen Exercitations Epist. to Hebrews xxii. 297 We know nothing of the Shittim-tree, or of this wood; for what ever is discoursed of it..is meer conjecture, ending in professed uncertainty.1766 D. Jennings Jewish Antiq. II. i. 9 Some tell us of a grove of shittim trees near mount Sinai, from whence they had their wood.1865 H. B. Tristram Land of Israel 524 Among the tangled wilderness, chiefly near its western edge, still grow many of the acacia trees, ‘shittim’ (Acacia sayal).1916 F. C. Eiselen Bks. of Pentateuch vii. 111 The Shittim tree, whose wood was used in the tabernacle, is the one tree that is found in any numbers in the wadies of Sinai.1927 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 13 Aug. 5/5 Another attack on the Ark of the Covenant is the statement of ‘science’ that the acacia, or shittim, tree, of which the Ark was built does not grow bigger than a bush.

b. In full shittim wood. The wood of the shittah tree; acacia wood. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > acacia

shittim1560

sunta1817

1560 Bible (Geneva) Exod. xxv. 13 And thou shalt make barres of Shittim wood, and couer them with golde.

a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. E^v In Frigats bottomd with rich Sethin planks.

1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xxv. 5 And shittim wood .

a1667 A. Cowley Davideis 53 in Wks. (1668) Near this Halls end a Shittim Table stood.

1693 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. II. viii. 296 What particular kind of Wood that is which is call'd Shittim..is not agreed among the Learned; some thinking it to be Cedar, others the Pitch-Tree, others Box.

1791 Brown's Sacred Tropol. (new ed.) ii. vii. 173 They are compared to shittah-trees or shittim-wood.

1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. vii. 163 The ancient Ark..was..of shittim or acacia.

1894 R. Hunter Sunday School Teacher's Bible Man. 51/1 It [sc. the Ark of the Covenant] was to be made of shittim (i.e. acacia) wood, and overlaid within and without with pure gold.

1911 Nature 18 May 383/2 Shittim-wood might, of course, now be translated as acacia, but even this would be unsatisfactory, as the tree popularly known in this country by the latter name is really a Robinia.

1991 P. O'Brian Nutmeg of Consol. (1993) vii. 183 We mean to build a tabernacle of shittim-wood for our chapel.

2. U.S. More fully shittim wood, shittim tree. Any of several similar North American shrubby trees; esp. a kind of buckthorn, Rhamnus purshiana, of western areas, and Sideroxylon lanuginosum, of the southern states and Mexico.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorny berry-bush > [noun] > buckthorn or rhamnus bushes and parts

rhamna1425

rhamnus1562

buckthorn1578

hart-thorn1607

purging buckthorn1706

shittim1878

1878 Gardener's Monthly & Horticulturist Jan. 29/2 I have for a dozen years been acquainted with a tree in the Neosho Valley, Kansas, called shittim wood.

1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 41 Rhamnus Purshiana,..Shittim wood.

1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 102 Bumelia lanuginosa,..Shittim wood.

1905 R. S. Kellogg Forest Belts Western Kansas & Nebraska (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Forestry, No. 66) 33 The mesquite, wild china, and shittimwood..reach up into the State [sc. Kansas] from the South.

1987 in C. Kowalchik & W. H. Hylton Rodale's Illustr. Encycl. Herbs 66/1 Also known by the nicknames ‘shittim’ and ‘wahoo’, cascara sagrada is a deciduous shrub or small tree.

1997 L. B. Clegg Empty Schoolhouse 34 There was a white gum we'd chew that came from a shittim tree. It was more like a chewing gum.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	shittim
释义	shittimn. Brit. /ˈʃɪtɪm/, U.S. /ˈʃɪdəm/ Forms: α. Middle English sechim, Middle English sechym, Middle English sichym, Middle English sychym. β. Middle English cetyne, 1500s seathin, 1500s–1600s sethim, 1500s–1600s sethin, 1500s–1600s setim. γ. 1500s–1600s sittim, 1600s– shittim. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Hebrew. Etymons: French sethim; Latin setim; Hebrew šiṭṭīm, šiṭṭāh. Etymology: < (i) Middle French sethim, sethin, setin shittah tree (c1300 in Old French; earlier in Anglo-Norman as sechim (c1175 in an apparently isolated attestation: see note below; French sétim )), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin setim, sethim, setthim (Vulgate), and that word's etymon (iii) Hebrew šiṭṭīm, plural of šiṭṭāh shittah n.In α. forms probably by folk-etymological association with Sechim (now Shechem ; also †Settim , †Sittim , etc.; post-classical Latin Sechem , Sichem < Hebrew Šĕ̆ḵem ; now Shechem ), the name of a Canaanite town (later the first capital of the kingdom of Israel) on the site of the modern town of Nablus; compare: ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cl. 1048 Sechim is a name of an hille and of a cuntrey and of a tree.Anglo-Norman sechim may likewise be influenced by association with the biblical place name. In γ. forms directly < Hebrew. 1. a. = shittah n. Also attributive. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > African shittima1382 citrus1555 cam-wood1699 jacaranda1753 kokerboom1774 quiver tree1789 geelhout1790 rooihout1790 yellowwood1790 mat-wood1792 assegai1793 assegai tree1793 hardpear1801 rooi els1801 argan1809 beaver-wood1810 mat tree1812 saffraan1819 salie1819 sneezewood1834 African teak1842 hyawaballi1851 sage-wood1854 mvule1858 til1858 yari-yari1858 cannibal stinkwood1859 kiaat1862 knobwood1862 milkwood1862 tryssil1862 sulphur-tree1863 khaya1864 cailcedra1866 flat-crown1868 umzimbeet1870 kuka1882 odum1887 iroko1890 opepe1891 Natal mahogany1904 muhimbi1906 obeche1906 agba1908 makoré1915 afara1920 agboin1920 abura1921 podo1922 afrormosia1923 guarea1936 Mansonia1936 dahoma1955 utile1956 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > [noun] > biblical timber trees gopher-wood1611 shittah tree1611 shittim1668 α. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) Exod. xxv. 5 Treese of sychim [a1425 L.V. Sechym; L. setim]. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cl. 1048 Sechim [L. sethim] is a name..of a tree þat is liche to whiteþorn in leues. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Lyfe Manhode (Cambr.) (1869) 52 (MED) The burdoun..was..maad of tre of Sechim..On the ende anhy was a pomelle of a round mirour. β. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Hist. Reynard Fox (1970) 79 The tree in whiche this glas stode..was named cetyne, hit sholde endure euer er it wold rote.1592 T. Lodge Euphues' Golden Legacie B j b Her tongue of a Sethin leafe, that neuer wagges but with a Southeast winde.1592 R. Greene Philomela sig. F3^v As if he had..eaten of the seathin root, that maketh a man to be as cruell in heart as it is hard in the rynde.1656 T. Blount Glossographia Sethim or Setim. Sittim.γ. 1656 [see β. ]. 1668 J. Owen Exercitations Epist. to Hebrews xxii. 297 We know nothing of the Shittim-tree, or of this wood; for what ever is discoursed of it..is meer conjecture, ending in professed uncertainty.1766 D. Jennings Jewish Antiq. II. i. 9 Some tell us of a grove of shittim trees near mount Sinai, from whence they had their wood.1865 H. B. Tristram Land of Israel 524 Among the tangled wilderness, chiefly near its western edge, still grow many of the acacia trees, ‘shittim’ (Acacia sayal).1916 F. C. Eiselen Bks. of Pentateuch vii. 111 The Shittim tree, whose wood was used in the tabernacle, is the one tree that is found in any numbers in the wadies of Sinai.1927 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 13 Aug. 5/5 Another attack on the Ark of the Covenant is the statement of ‘science’ that the acacia, or shittim, tree, of which the Ark was built does not grow bigger than a bush. b. In full shittim wood. The wood of the shittah tree; acacia wood. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > wood > wood of specific trees > [noun] > acacia shittim1560 sunta1817 1560 Bible (Geneva) Exod. xxv. 13 And thou shalt make barres of Shittim wood, and couer them with golde. a1592 R. Greene Frier Bacon (1594) sig. E^v In Frigats bottomd with rich Sethin planks. 1611 Bible (King James) Exod. xxv. 5 And shittim wood . View more context for this quotation a1667 A. Cowley Davideis 53 in Wks. (1668) Near this Halls end a Shittim Table stood. 1693 J. Edwards Disc. conc. Old & New-Test. II. viii. 296 What particular kind of Wood that is which is call'd Shittim..is not agreed among the Learned; some thinking it to be Cedar, others the Pitch-Tree, others Box. 1791 Brown's Sacred Tropol. (new ed.) ii. vii. 173 They are compared to shittah-trees or shittim-wood. 1863 A. P. Stanley Lect. Jewish Church I. vii. 163 The ancient Ark..was..of shittim or acacia. 1894 R. Hunter Sunday School Teacher's Bible Man. 51/1 It [sc. the Ark of the Covenant] was to be made of shittim (i.e. acacia) wood, and overlaid within and without with pure gold. 1911 Nature 18 May 383/2 Shittim-wood might, of course, now be translated as acacia, but even this would be unsatisfactory, as the tree popularly known in this country by the latter name is really a Robinia. 1991 P. O'Brian Nutmeg of Consol. (1993) vii. 183 We mean to build a tabernacle of shittim-wood for our chapel. 2. U.S. More fully shittim wood, shittim tree. Any of several similar North American shrubby trees; esp. a kind of buckthorn, Rhamnus purshiana, of western areas, and Sideroxylon lanuginosum, of the southern states and Mexico. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > thorny berry-bush > [noun] > buckthorn or rhamnus bushes and parts rhamna1425 rhamnus1562 buckthorn1578 hart-thorn1607 purging buckthorn1706 shittim1878 1878 Gardener's Monthly & Horticulturist Jan. 29/2 I have for a dozen years been acquainted with a tree in the Neosho Valley, Kansas, called shittim wood. 1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 41 Rhamnus Purshiana,..Shittim wood. 1884 C. S. Sargent Rep. Forests N. Amer. 102 Bumelia lanuginosa,..Shittim wood. 1905 R. S. Kellogg Forest Belts Western Kansas & Nebraska (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Forestry, No. 66) 33 The mesquite, wild china, and shittimwood..reach up into the State [sc. Kansas] from the South. 1987 in C. Kowalchik & W. H. Hylton Rodale's Illustr. Encycl. Herbs 66/1 Also known by the nicknames ‘shittim’ and ‘wahoo’, cascara sagrada is a deciduous shrub or small tree. 1997 L. B. Clegg Empty Schoolhouse 34 There was a white gum we'd chew that came from a shittim tree. It was more like a chewing gum. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1382
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