/ˈsɪmplᵻsiːz/, U.S. /ˈsɪmpləˌsiz/, simplicia Brit. /sɪmˈplɪsɪə/, U.S. /sɪmˈplɪsiə/.simplexadj.n.
/ˈsɪmplɛks/, U.S. /ˈsɪmˌplɛks//ˈsɪmplᵻsiːz/, U.S. /ˈsɪmpləˌsiz/, simplicia Brit. /sɪmˈplɪsɪə/, U.S. /sɪmˈplɪsiə/. A. adj.
1. Having or involving a single part, structure, etc.; not composite; unitary; undivided or indivisible. Now somewhat rare in general use.
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the world > relative properties > wholeness > state or quality of being simple, unmixed, or uncompounded > [adjective] > composed of one part
singlea1387
simplea1398
simplexa1398
uncompound1541
uncomposed1570
incompounded1603
uncombined1611
uncompounded1615
incomplexed1628
incomposed1634
uncoacted1642
incomplex1658
elementalish1671
incomposite1677
incomplicate1686
uncomplex1702
incompound1735
uncomplicated1792
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. i. xv. 51 He [sc. God] is myȝti to þinges wiþoute nombre, simplex, noȝt componed, noȝt flittinge, noþir flechinge, inpassibil, innumerabil, noȝt chaungeabil.
1594 T. Blundeville Exercises i. xx. f. 21 Simplex [proportion], is when the Antecedent..containeth the consequent.
1639 J. Barker Christian Sacrifice 117 Let it be simplex, a wise and warie, but a single harmlesse heart.
1866 A. Cayley Coll. Math. Papers (1892) V. 402 The cone may consist of a single sheet; it is then of the simplex kind.
1895 I. K. Funk et al. Standard Dict. Eng. Lang. II. Simplex telegraph, a single-needle dial telegraph.
1970 J. S. La Fontaine City Politics ix. 116 They are simplex rather than multiplex relations.
2. Telegraphy, Telephony, and Computing. Designating a device, (part of a) system, or circuit in which signals can be sent along a line in only one direction at a time. Also: of or relating to this phenomenon.
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society > communication > telecommunication > [adjective] > types of system
multiplex1873
quadruplex1874
diplex1878
sextuplex1879
simplex1884
diode1886
hexode1886
tetrode1886
triode1886
octuplex1893
selective1906
quadded1914
multiplexed1964
muxed1991
society > computing and information technology > hardware > [adjective] > type of circuit or component
simplex1884
hardwire1962
hardwired1965
on-chip1976
1884 Telegr. Jrnl. & Electr. Rev. 14 June 510/1 It was possible to send double the number of messages that the ordinary simplex system would allow of.
1938 Proc. IRE 26 57 It is possible to modify the signals in the various fashions usually applied to the simplex radio-telegraph circuits.
1975 Sci. Amer. Jan. 55 (advt.) We have a range of modems, from 50 to 2400 bits per second, both for simplex and duplex traffic.
2008 Voice Radio Communications Guide Fire Service (U.S. Fire Admin.) 19 When users on simplex radios are deployed to the interior of a structure they create a radio receiver network.
3. Linguistics. Of a word or a word form: simple, uncompounded; without an affix. Cf. sense B. 1a.
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1890 A. S. Gatschet Klamath Indians ii. 124 Kē..is the simplex form of kē'k,..and the radix of gét.
1947 Mod. Lang. Rev. 42 354 The Sw[edish] vovve and Icel[andlic] voffi are formed from the simplex words by lengthening of the final consonant and the addition of a hypocoristic suffix -e or -i.
2011 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 110 302 The word ‘umborwesende’ in Beowulf..could be a single compound or two simplex words ‘umbor wesende’.
4.
a. Of an eye: (supposedly) having pigment on the posterior surface of the iris only (rather than on both the anterior and posterior surfaces), and so appearing blue. Also: designating this type of pigmentation; having eyes with this type of pigmentation. Contrasted with duplex adj. 1d. Now historical and rare.Eye colour was later recognized to result from the amount, rather than the presence or absence, of pigment in the anterior layer of the iris.
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1908 C. C. Hurst in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 80 86 The eyes in which the posterior pigment alone is present in the iris, the anterior pigment being absent. Such eyes may be called simplex.
1908 C. C. Hurst in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 86 96 In heredity, the simplex type [of pigmentation] behaves as a Mendelian recessive to the duplex type, which is dominant.
1912 Biometrika 8 275 The classification of ‘duplex’ and ‘simplex’ eyes is erroneous.
1946 R. R. Gates Human Genetics I. v. 88 Hurst..classified eyes as duplex or simplex.
1978 S. Wright Evol. & Genetics Populations IV. 423 Hurst drew a line between clear blue with no pigment in the front of the iris (simplex) and all of those with such pigment in any degree (duplex).
b. Genetics. Originally: having, or characterized by having, one dominant and one recessive allele at a given locus (= heterozygous adj. at heterozygote n. Derivatives) (now rare or disused). In later use: (of a polyploid individual) having a single dominant allele at a given locus on all of the homologous chromosomes. Cf. duplex adj. 1e, nulliplex adj., triplex adj. 2, etc.
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the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [adjective] > allele > condition with respect to
heterozygous1902
homozygous1902
nulliplex1911
simplex1911
hemizygous1921
quadruplex1923
triallelic1944
heterogenic1947
homogenic1947
null1955
1911 Pop. Sci. Monthly Jan. 17 If the children get the tendency from one parent only, they still have brown eyes, but the condition is said to be simplex.
1915 Internat. Jrnl. Orthodontia 1 152 If on the other hand the offspring receives any unit character in a single dose, i.e., from only one parent; as in case three, the F1 generation is said to be in respect to this particular character simplex or heterozygous (impure, hybrid).
1921 A. F. Blakeslee in Amer. Naturalist 55 257 A Poinsettia plant may, to speak in terms of the dominant factor, be considered nulliplex with no dominant genes, or simplex, duplex or triplex with, respectively, 1, 2, or 3 dominant factors (i.e., usu., homozygous for the recessive allele).
1932 F. W. Sansome & J. L. Philp Recent Adv. in Plant Genetics v. 182 There are five possible types of zygote in the tetraploid, quadruplex SSSS, triple SSSs, duplex SSss, simplex Ssss and nulliplex ssss.
1963 K. R. Lewis & B. John Chromosome Marker iv. iii. 327 On selfing, a tetraploid of this kind [sc. AAaa] will give not three types of offspring but five, namely AAAA (quadruplex), AAAa (triplex), AAaa (duplex), Aaaa (simplex) and aaaa (nulliplex).
2014 J. Brown et al. Plant Breeding (ed. 2) v. 78/2 Consider one of the worst situations, where both starting parents are simplex.
5. Originally and chiefly U.S. Designating an apartment (or occasionally other property) on one floor only; single-storey. Usually contrasted with duplex n. 1 or triplex adj. 4a.
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1909 Amer. Architect 27 Jan. 29/2 This building will contain two triplex apartments, and five simplex apartments.
2005 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 16 Jan. i. 10 (advt.) Simplex and duplex units with up to 2800 square feet.
B. n.
1. Linguistics.
a. A simple or uncompounded word; a word without an affix.
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the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > [noun] > compounding > uncompounded word
simplec1450
single1589
radical word1605
simplex1731
1731 B. Beiler New German Gram. 193 Some compound Verbs have somewhat irregular [conjugation], which their Simplex's have not.
1892 Classical Rev. Feb. 58/2 When..a complex was formed from any two of the above simplicia.
1904 Expositor Nov. 361 In the New Testament..the simplex ἰδεῖν is exceedingly common.
2002 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 102 1 A constituent of one compound is echoed in a nearby simplex.
b. In transformational grammar: = simplex sentence n. at Compounds 2. Now rare.
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the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > sentence > specific types of
clause?c1225
compound sentence1772
complex sentence1881
run-on1892
kernel1957
simplex1960
matrix sentence1964
1960 R. B. Lees Gram. Eng. Nominalizations iii. 101 Within the matrix-sentence, or any other simplex, the subject governs -self.
1965 Language 41 269 These differences in the treatment of repeated and nonrepeated material are evident in both simplexes (single-kernel sentences) and complexes (multikernel sentences).
2. Mathematics. A set of points describing a triangle, tetrahedron, or a generalization of these shapes to an arbitrary dimension, each of these representing the simplest convex polytope for its given dimension.More precisely, a simplex is a polytope that is the convex hull (convex hull n. at convex adj. and n. Additions) of its vertices.Frequently with numeral expressing the dimension of the simplex, as 0-simplex, 1-simplex, 2-simplex, etc.
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the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [noun]
figure1340
numbera1398
species1660
simplex1905
1905 R. Mehmke in Proc. Section Sci. Koninklijke Akad. van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam 7 595 I chose the case of a figure filled with a homogeneous matter in the space of (n-1) dimensions, analogous to the tetrahedron, thus according to the well-known expression of Mr. Schoute a simplex Sn.
1965 Amer. Math. Monthly 72 79 Every point of the space that is not on any of the hyperplanes is contained in an even number of simplices.
2007 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) Feb. 13/1 Just as a tetrahedron has four triangular faces, a 4-simplex is bounded by five tetrahedrons.
3. Originally and chiefly U.S. A simplex apartment or (occasionally) other single-floor property. See sense A. 5.
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society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > flat or apartment > type of
studio flat1882
studio apartment1884
mansard1886
penthouse1892
single end1897
walk-up1907
railroad flat1908
simplex1912
service flat1913
studio1918
kitchenette1920
duplex1922
garden flat1922
flatlet1925
show flat1929
quadruplex1939
council flat1941
garden apartment1942
walk-back1945
multilevel1959
tower apartment1961
condominium1962
triplex1962
condo1984
1912 N.Y. Times 25 July 15/2 (advt.) 12-room simplex with large foyer and 4 baths occupying entire floor, $3700.
1949 Abilene (Texas) Reporter-News 8 Aug. (Evening Final ed.) 7/3 Modern apartments varying from three room simplexes to five room duplexes (two stories).
2008 D. Fitzgerald Window on Park 92 The building was originally built with 12-room simplexes and duplexes on the lower floors.
Compounds
C1. Mathematics. In linear programming.
simplex algorithm n. an algorithm used for finding the optimal solution of a linear function subject to a set of linear constraints by considering adjacent vertices of a convex polytope, each subsequent vertex representing a better solution of the function than the previous one.The simplex algorithm was developed by American mathematician George Dantzig (1914–2005).
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1954 G. B. Dantzig & D. R. Fulkerson in Naval Res. Logistics Q. 1 217 Even a large transportation type problem having no special features can be solved by hand using the simplex algorithm.
1984 New Scientist 6 Dec. 20/3 Narendra Karmarker has developed an algorithm which is both polynomial and outperforms the simplex algorithm in practice.
2017 R. W. Cottle & M. N. Thapa Linear & Nonlinear Optimization iv. 87 Testing the system for the existence of a solution can be carried out by formulating the corresponding Phase I Problem and solving it by the Simplex Algorithm.
simplex method n. a method for finding the optimal solution of a linear function subject to a set of linear constraints by application of the simplex algorithm; (also) the simplex algorithm itself.
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the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > method of calculation or analysis
extrapolation1872
functional analysis1876
inversion1880
Fourier analysis1929
formalism1940
linear programming1949
quadratic programming1951
simplex method1951
convex programming1963
deconvolution1967
1951 G. B. Dantzig in T. C. Koopmans Activity Anal. Production & Allocation xxi. 339 The general nature of the ‘simplex’ approach (as the method discussed here is known).]
1951 R. Dorfman in T. C. Koopmans Activity Anal. Production & Allocation xxii. 351 The simplex method makes use of the fact that any point in an n-dimensional space can be expressed as a sum of n linearly independent points.
1980 A. J. Jones Game Theory iii. 155 The relationship with our earlier notation is simply that we have replaced Aτ by A because this is the natural and universally accepted thing to do in setting up the simplex method.
2011 E. V. Denardo Linear Programming iv. 113 Computer codes that execute the simplex method are widely available.
simplex tableau n. a matrix or table representing a linear function and its constraints in a form suited to the application of the simplex algorithm.
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the world > relative properties > number > graph or diagram > [noun] > table
tableOE
time1863
multiplication table1881
operations table1940
simplex tableau1952
tableau1952
1952 Econometrica 20 165 Insofar as computations are concerned it is most convenient to arrange the data at each stage in a ‘simplex tableau’ as shown in Table I.
1966 A. Battersby Math. in Managem. v. 125 A more usual form of presentation is the Simplex tableau in which all the variables have columns allocated to them.
2010 D. L. Grosh Linear Programming Beginners vii. 243 These are precisely the columns of the simplex tableau at the end of the first iteration.
C2.
simplex sentence n. Linguistics (now somewhat rare) (in transformational grammar) a sentence analysed as having a single-kernel structure; a kernel sentence; see kernel n.1 8b(b).
ΚΠ
1960 R. B. Lees Gram. Eng. Nominalizations ii. 42 All simplex sentences generated by this grammar are now represented in the form of one of the following strings [etc.].
1986 A. Verhagen Ling. Theory & Function of Word Order in Dutch ii. 25 In the beginning of transformational grammar, all input to the optional transformations consisted of representations which each represented the structure of a simplex sentence.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.a1398