swarthn.¹

/swɔːθ/

Forms: Also 1600s sworth, 1700s swarthe.

Etymology: Old English swearþ : see sward n. and compare swarf n.³

Now only dialect.

1. Skin, rind; figurative the surface, outside.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > bacon > rind

swarthc725

bacon skin1580

bacon-rind1606

rind1607

swath1873

the world > life > the body > skin > [noun]

swardc725

fellOE

hidea1000

leather1303

skina1325

rinda1413

swarth?c1450

swadc1460

thackc1480

skin coat1589

hackle1609

flesha1616

pelta1626

integument1664

barka1758

exoskeleton1839

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > the outside or exterior > external aspect as opposed to internal

rindeOE

barkc1374

shell1377

husk1567

cortex1660

swarth1807

without1899

c725 Corpus Gloss. C 198 Cater, suearth.

c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 363/9 Catrum, swearð.

?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 2280 For oft knelyng his knees boun, A grete swarth was on þaim groune.

1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 49 Lest for the swarth I past retrievan, The substance torfeit.

1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Swarth,..any outward covering, as the rind of bacon.

1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Swarth, the skin of hams and bacon.

a. Green turf, grass land, greensward.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > grassland

wong971

greenc1225

clowrec1350

bentc1360

swarth?a1400

flaughtc1400

grassa1500

sward?1507

greenswarda1522

sward-earth1541

swarf1599

over-swarth1649

lawn1674

sod1729

swath1776

spine1786

swad1877

turfage1899

padang1909

?a1400 Morte Arth. 1126 One the erthe [he] hittez A swerde lenghe with-in þe swarthe.

?a1400 Morte Arth. 1466 Swyftly with swerdes, they swappene there-aftyre,..That alle swellttez one swarthe.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) V. 37 In Cairarvonshir..is LLin thedwarchen, wher [is] the Swymming Island, and ther of it hath the Name as of a suimming Swarth of Yerth.

1594 H. Plat Diuerse Sorts of Soyle 19 in Jewell House Cloddes of earth..such as are full of swarth.

1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) v. vi. 533 New broken swarthes.

1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 18 The swarth par'd first away, and the earth stirred a foot deep or more.

1771 J. S. Morrit in A. Hunter et al. Georgical Ess. (new ed.) II. vii. 139 Two acres of rich sand land, which the year before had been ploughed out of swarth.

1794 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Cambr. 93 The old swarthe produces a very indifferent herbage, but may be much improved, by breaking up, [etc.].

1798 Trans. Soc. Arts 16 242 He has it in contemplation to leave the rest to swarth without sowing seeds on it.

b. qualified by green (or grassy).

ΚΠ

1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) iii. i. 335 As soone as you see these bankes firme, and beginning to grow to haue a greene swarth vpon them.

a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd i. v. 6 in Wks. (1640) III On every greene sworth, and in every path.

1751 R. Paltock Life Peter Wilkins I. xi. 97 I walked over the green Swarth to the Wood.

1785 W. Cowper Task i. 110 Through lanes, Of grassy swarth close cropt by nibbling sheep.

†c. transferred. Applied to the top layers of soil. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > topsoil

swarth1649

uncallow1787

callow1823

ridding1827

encallow1836

baring1871

kelly1884

1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver vii. 38 This..cold hungry water is found, beneath the first and second swarth of thy Lands.

d. attributive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [adjective] > grassland

swarded1513

turfy1552

swarth1598

laundy1611

swarthy1613

turfed1628

swardy1639

scurfy1712

herbaged1727

lawny1744

turfen1778

greenswarded1797

open range1905

tall-grass1920

1598 I. R. Fitzherbert's Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) i. viii. 13 If you sowe Winter corne..vpon swarth ground.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vi. 5 Some plaine leuell Meddowe or such like greene swarth ground.

1794 Act for inclosing South Kelsey 26 Any old Green Swarth Ground.

1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. (at cited word) ‘Swarth-balks’, the end portions of a field, left unploughed, for a cart-way.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

swarthn.²

/swɔːθ/

Etymology: Obscure altered form of swath n.¹

Now dialect.

a. = swath n.¹ 3.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > crop as it falls cut

swathc1325

swarth1552

rew1553

swatch1577

lodging1733

swipe1869

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Swarth of grasse newe mowen.

1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 72/2 The Swarth..are the rows of the cut Grass as the Sithe leaves it.

1706 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 25 2237 The Waves came rolling down, like long Swarths of Grass, one upon another.

1714 Philos. Trans. 1713 (Royal Soc.) 28 91 When it is cut, it must in most Years lie 5 or 6 Days in swarth.

a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 277 I could have no prospect of mowing a good swarth in the French-grass.

1763 Museum Rusticum (ed. 2) I. 236 In Buckinghamshire they cannot use a cradle, their crops being in general so heavy, that the workmen could not carry over the swarth.

1819 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. ii. ix. 226 They mow four acres of oats, wheat, rye, or barley in a day, and, with a cradle, lay it so smooth in the swarths, that it is tied up in sheaves with the greatest neatness and ease.

1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. II. vii. 124 There were groups of children in many parts of the field, and women to look after them, mostly sitting on the fresh swarth.

attributive.1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon vii. 171 The barley is gathered from the swarth into sheaves,..and, after the swarth-corn is secured, the fields are carefully raked.

b. to mow in swarth: see quots.

ΚΠ

1763 Museum Rusticum (ed. 2) I. 235 Horse-beans..they usually mow with a bare scythe, in swarth, as they term it; that is, they mow the beans towards the beans.

1764 Museum Rusticum (ed. 2) III. lxxvi. 336 As to mowing wheat in swarth, I think it will litter about very much, for beans do so.

c. Applied to growing grain: cf. swath n.¹ 3b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > standing crop

swath1577

standing crop1683

stand1833

swarth1880

1880 J. B. Phear Aryan Village i. 4 These open spaces..are..covered..by green waving swarths of rice.

2. transferred and figurative. = swath n.¹ 4a, 2b †at full swarth: (apparently) ‘in full swing’ (Davies), like a scythe making swaths.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > that which has length > a long or continuous extent of something

range1601

swath?1606

length1609

swartha1616

stretch1661

ringe1706

span1894

the world > action or operation > in operation [phrase] > in full operation

afloat?1548

in (full) play1669

in full swing1703

at full swarth1713

in blast, at or in full blast1780

in (also at) full riot1848

the world > life > death > [noun] > general loss of life > in battle

casualtya1513

loss1840

swarth1847

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. iii. 143 An affection'd Asse, that cons State without booke, and vtters it by great swarths.

1713 W. Darrell Gentleman Instructed (ed. 5) iii. iii. 403 Tho' his Design miscarried, his Malice was at full swarth.

1847 J. S. Le Fanu T. O'Brien 267 Old time sweeps in his swarth.

1855 J. S. C. Abbott Hist. Napoleon II. ix. 139 He sees the course of his heroes by the black swarth of dead men.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

swarthn.³

/swɔːθ/

Etymology: Variant of swarf n.²

= swarf n.² a.With quot. 1596 cf. quot. 1566 at swarf n.² a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment > shaving or chip > filings

filing1398

swarf1566

swarth1596

slip1667

wheel-swarf1831

swaff1846

1596 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 259 In dieng stuffe..In brasell, half a hundreth and xj pounds, 46s. 8d. In galles, viij poundes, 6s. In swarthe, iiij pounds, 8d.

1783–4 London Sessions Papers 472 He told me that there was some swarth, that is iron file dust.

1892 Rigby in Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 111 140 A capillary brass tube [in a drilling-machine], supplying soap-and-oil emulsion at a pressure of 80 lbs. on the inch. This washes out the ‘swarth’ and cools the cutting-edge.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

swarthn.⁴

Etymology: perhaps substantive use of swarth adj. and n.⁵ But compare Scots warth, variant wraith.

dialect.

The apparition of a dying person; a wraith.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [noun] > wraith or doppelgänger

wraith1513

swarth1674

double-man1691

taisch1773

fetch1787

double1798

double-goer1824

double-ganger1830

fetch-like1841

doppelganger1851

1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 47 A Swarth, Cumb., the Ghost of a dying man.

1790 F. Grose Pop. Superstit. in Provinc. Gloss. 13 These apparitions are called Fetches, or Wraiths, and in Cumberland, Swarths.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

swarthadj.n.⁵

Etymology: Obscure variant of swart adj. and n.; compare swarthy adj.¹, and swarf adj., swarfish adj., swarfy adj.

A. adj.

a. Dusky, swarthy, black.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > dark

wana1000

swartOE

darkOE

under-dark1382

sad1415

swartish1483

sable?a1513

dark-coloured?1523

swarth?1527

fuskish1563

swarty1572

saturnine1581

sable-suiteda1592

sable visaged1608

gloomy1632

sable-vested1667

fuscous1671

umbratile1678

sable-hooded1770

gangrenous1794

burnt1897

bead-dark1937

?1527 [see swarthness n. at Derivatives].

1569 C. Tye tr. G. Boccaccio Nastagio & Trauersari sig. Avi^v A knight, of colour swarthe.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vi. xxii. 787 Such women as..are subiect to pale and swarth colours.

1600 E. B. in Englands Helicon sig. Biv^v Swarth clowdes.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine ii. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Gg3^v/1 He lookes Of a more rusty swarth complexion Then an old arming doublet.

1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 749 A swarth Indian with his belt of beads.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles i. vii. 13 Where thwarting tides, with mingled roar, Part thy swarth hills from Morvern's shore.

1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters I. vii. 92 The complexion—from tan and exposure—was brown and swarth.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

a1625 J. Fletcher Island Princesse v. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ppp2^v/1 Foule swarthe ingratitude.

B. n.⁵

Swarthiness; dusky complexion or colour. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [noun] > shade or tone > darkness

swartnessa1100

darknessa1398

sable?a1513

swarthness?1527

darksomeness1571

swarthiness1577

swartha1661

a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 258 The skies Face and black swarth of cloud threaten no ill: 'Tis summer-thunder.

1872 R. Browning Fifine xv First Let me..pourtray you..The gypsy's foreign self, no swarth our sun could bake.

Derivatives

ˈswarthish adj. somewhat swarthy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > of dark variety or complexion

swarta1395

black-browed1590

swarfy1602

swarthy1602

swarf1619

swartish1630

swarthish1653

swarfish1671

brunette1724

dusky1827

brunet1840

1653 W. Ramesey Astrologia Restaurata 86 A..long visage, and a swarthish complexion.

ˈswarthness n. swarthiness, duskiness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [noun] > shade or tone > darkness

swartnessa1100

darknessa1398

sable?a1513

swarthness?1527

darksomeness1571

swarthiness1577

swartha1661

?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns ii. ii. 11 b A swarthnes, a derknes & dymnes in the vryne, most to blaknesse warde.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

swarthv.¹

Etymology: < swarth n.¹

Now dialect.

transitive and intransitive = sward v. 1, 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > produce vegetation [verb (transitive)] > cover with vegetation > grass

sward1610

swarth1610

the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > be covered with vegetation [verb (intransitive)] > specific grassland

sward1610

swarth1765

1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. vi. 13 With what Herbage the Crust or Sword is matted, mantled and swarthed.

1765 Museum Rusticum 4 xxi. 95 If, through..some mischance in the hay-seeds, it should not swarth well.

1858 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 19 i. 256 Where land is of a rich loamy character, there is no difficulty in getting it to swarth over with grass of good quality.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

swarthv.²

/swɔːð/

/swɔːθ/

Etymology: < swarth adj. and n.⁵

rare.

transitive. To make swarthy, to darken.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [verb (transitive)] > darken

darka1398

darken1550

sad1573

infuscate1650

swarthy1663

swarth1846

nebulate1874

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > darkness > [verb (transitive)]

swart1577

swartha1889

1846 G. Warburton Hochelaga II. 161 Complexion fresh and ruddy but swarthed over by sun and wind.

a1889 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 180 His cheeks the forth-and-flaunting sun Had swarthed about with lion-brown.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

n.¹c725

n.²1552

n.³1596

n.⁴1674

adj.n.⁵?1527

v.¹1610

v.²1846

单词	swarth
释义	swarthn.¹ /swɔːθ/ Forms: Also 1600s sworth, 1700s swarthe. Etymology: Old English swearþ : see sward n. and compare swarf n.³ Now only dialect. 1. Skin, rind; figurative the surface, outside. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > pork > [noun] > bacon > rind swarthc725 bacon skin1580 bacon-rind1606 rind1607 swath1873 the world > life > the body > skin > [noun] swardc725 fellOE hidea1000 leather1303 skina1325 rinda1413 swarth?c1450 swadc1460 thackc1480 skin coat1589 hackle1609 flesha1616 pelta1626 integument1664 barka1758 exoskeleton1839 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > the outside or exterior > external aspect as opposed to internal rindeOE barkc1374 shell1377 husk1567 cortex1660 swarth1807 without1899 c725 Corpus Gloss. C 198 Cater, suearth. c1050 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 363/9 Catrum, swearð. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 2280 For oft knelyng his knees boun, A grete swarth was on þaim groune. 1807 J. Stagg Misc. Poems (new ed.) 49 Lest for the swarth I past retrievan, The substance torfeit. 1869 J. C. Atkinson Peacock's Gloss. Dial. Hundred of Lonsdale Swarth,..any outward covering, as the rind of bacon. 1878 W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (ed. 2) Swarth, the skin of hams and bacon. 2. a. Green turf, grass land, greensward. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [noun] > grassland wong971 greenc1225 clowrec1350 bentc1360 swarth?a1400 flaughtc1400 grassa1500 sward?1507 greenswarda1522 sward-earth1541 swarf1599 over-swarth1649 lawn1674 sod1729 swath1776 spine1786 swad1877 turfage1899 padang1909 ?a1400 Morte Arth. 1126 One the erthe [he] hittez A swerde lenghe with-in þe swarthe. ?a1400 Morte Arth. 1466 Swyftly with swerdes, they swappene there-aftyre,..That alle swellttez one swarthe. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) V. 37 In Cairarvonshir..is LLin thedwarchen, wher [is] the Swymming Island, and ther of it hath the Name as of a suimming Swarth of Yerth. 1594 H. Plat Diuerse Sorts of Soyle 19 in Jewell House Cloddes of earth..such as are full of swarth. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) v. vi. 533 New broken swarthes. 1664 J. Evelyn Sylva 18 The swarth par'd first away, and the earth stirred a foot deep or more. 1771 J. S. Morrit in A. Hunter et al. Georgical Ess. (new ed.) II. vii. 139 Two acres of rich sand land, which the year before had been ploughed out of swarth. 1794 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Cambr. 93 The old swarthe produces a very indifferent herbage, but may be much improved, by breaking up, [etc.]. 1798 Trans. Soc. Arts 16 242 He has it in contemplation to leave the rest to swarth without sowing seeds on it. b. qualified by green (or grassy). ΚΠ 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) iii. i. 335 As soone as you see these bankes firme, and beginning to grow to haue a greene swarth vpon them. a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd i. v. 6 in Wks. (1640) III On every greene sworth, and in every path. View more context for this quotation 1751 R. Paltock Life Peter Wilkins I. xi. 97 I walked over the green Swarth to the Wood. 1785 W. Cowper Task i. 110 Through lanes, Of grassy swarth close cropt by nibbling sheep. †c. transferred. Applied to the top layers of soil. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > [noun] > topsoil swarth1649 uncallow1787 callow1823 ridding1827 encallow1836 baring1871 kelly1884 1649 W. Blith Eng. Improver vii. 38 This..cold hungry water is found, beneath the first and second swarth of thy Lands. d. attributive. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > [adjective] > grassland swarded1513 turfy1552 swarth1598 laundy1611 swarthy1613 turfed1628 swardy1639 scurfy1712 herbaged1727 lawny1744 turfen1778 greenswarded1797 open range1905 tall-grass1920 1598 I. R. Fitzherbert's Bk. Husbandry (rev. ed.) i. viii. 13 If you sowe Winter corne..vpon swarth ground. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice vi. 5 Some plaine leuell Meddowe or such like greene swarth ground. 1794 Act for inclosing South Kelsey 26 Any old Green Swarth Ground. 1876 C. C. Robinson Gloss. Words Dial. Mid-Yorks. (at cited word) ‘Swarth-balks’, the end portions of a field, left unploughed, for a cart-way. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). swarthn.² /swɔːθ/ Etymology: Obscure altered form of swath n.¹ Now dialect. 1. a. = swath n.¹ 3. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > harvesting > [noun] > cutting, reaping, or mowing > crop as it falls cut swathc1325 swarth1552 rew1553 swatch1577 lodging1733 swipe1869 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Swarth of grasse newe mowen. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. 72/2 The Swarth..are the rows of the cut Grass as the Sithe leaves it. 1706 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 25 2237 The Waves came rolling down, like long Swarths of Grass, one upon another. 1714 Philos. Trans. 1713 (Royal Soc.) 28 91 When it is cut, it must in most Years lie 5 or 6 Days in swarth. a1722 E. Lisle Observ. Husbandry (1757) 277 I could have no prospect of mowing a good swarth in the French-grass. 1763 Museum Rusticum (ed. 2) I. 236 In Buckinghamshire they cannot use a cradle, their crops being in general so heavy, that the workmen could not carry over the swarth. 1819 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. ii. ix. 226 They mow four acres of oats, wheat, rye, or barley in a day, and, with a cradle, lay it so smooth in the swarths, that it is tied up in sheaves with the greatest neatness and ease. 1861 T. Hughes Tom Brown at Oxf. II. vii. 124 There were groups of children in many parts of the field, and women to look after them, mostly sitting on the fresh swarth. attributive.1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon vii. 171 The barley is gathered from the swarth into sheaves,..and, after the swarth-corn is secured, the fields are carefully raked. b. to mow in swarth: see quots. ΚΠ 1763 Museum Rusticum (ed. 2) I. 235 Horse-beans..they usually mow with a bare scythe, in swarth, as they term it; that is, they mow the beans towards the beans. 1764 Museum Rusticum (ed. 2) III. lxxvi. 336 As to mowing wheat in swarth, I think it will litter about very much, for beans do so. c. Applied to growing grain: cf. swath n.¹ 3b. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > cultivation of plants or crops > crop or crops > [noun] > standing crop swath1577 standing crop1683 stand1833 swarth1880 1880 J. B. Phear Aryan Village i. 4 These open spaces..are..covered..by green waving swarths of rice. 2. transferred and figurative. = swath n.¹ 4a, 2b †at full swarth: (apparently) ‘in full swing’ (Davies), like a scythe making swaths. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > that which has length > a long or continuous extent of something range1601 swath?1606 length1609 swartha1616 stretch1661 ringe1706 span1894 the world > action or operation > in operation [phrase] > in full operation afloat?1548 in (full) play1669 in full swing1703 at full swarth1713 in blast, at or in full blast1780 in (also at) full riot1848 the world > life > death > [noun] > general loss of life > in battle casualtya1513 loss1840 swarth1847 a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) ii. iii. 143 An affection'd Asse, that cons State without booke, and vtters it by great swarths. 1713 W. Darrell Gentleman Instructed (ed. 5) iii. iii. 403 Tho' his Design miscarried, his Malice was at full swarth. 1847 J. S. Le Fanu T. O'Brien 267 Old time sweeps in his swarth. 1855 J. S. C. Abbott Hist. Napoleon II. ix. 139 He sees the course of his heroes by the black swarth of dead men. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2019). swarthn.³ /swɔːθ/ Etymology: Variant of swarf n.² = swarf n.² a.With quot. 1596 cf. quot. 1566 at swarf n.² a. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > a separate part > a fragment > shaving or chip > filings filing1398 swarf1566 swarth1596 slip1667 wheel-swarf1831 swaff1846 1596 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 259 In dieng stuffe..In brasell, half a hundreth and xj pounds, 46s. 8d. In galles, viij poundes, 6s. In swarthe, iiij pounds, 8d. 1783–4 London Sessions Papers 472 He told me that there was some swarth, that is iron file dust. 1892 Rigby in Minutes Proc. Inst. Civil Engineers 111 140 A capillary brass tube [in a drilling-machine], supplying soap-and-oil emulsion at a pressure of 80 lbs. on the inch. This washes out the ‘swarth’ and cools the cutting-edge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2021). swarthn.⁴ Etymology: perhaps substantive use of swarth adj. and n.⁵ But compare Scots warth, variant wraith. dialect. The apparition of a dying person; a wraith. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > ghost or phantom > [noun] > wraith or doppelgänger wraith1513 wraith1513 swarth1674 double-man1691 taisch1773 fetch1787 double1798 double-goer1824 double-ganger1830 fetch-like1841 doppelganger1851 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 47 A Swarth, Cumb., the Ghost of a dying man. 1790 F. Grose Pop. Superstit. in Provinc. Gloss. 13 These apparitions are called Fetches, or Wraiths, and in Cumberland, Swarths. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online June 2021). swarthadj.n.⁵ Etymology: Obscure variant of swart adj. and n.; compare swarthy adj.¹, and swarf adj., swarfish adj., swarfy adj. A. adj. a. Dusky, swarthy, black. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > dark wana1000 swartOE darkOE under-dark1382 sad1415 swartish1483 sable?a1513 dark-coloured?1523 swarth?1527 fuskish1563 swarty1572 saturnine1581 sable-suiteda1592 sable visaged1608 gloomy1632 sable-vested1667 fuscous1671 umbratile1678 sable-hooded1770 gangrenous1794 burnt1897 bead-dark1937 ?1527 [see swarthness n. at Derivatives]. 1569 C. Tye tr. G. Boccaccio Nastagio & Trauersari sig. Avi^v A knight, of colour swarthe. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vi. xxii. 787 Such women as..are subiect to pale and swarth colours. 1600 E. B. in Englands Helicon sig. Biv^v Swarth clowdes. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Captaine ii. ii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Gg3^v/1 He lookes Of a more rusty swarth complexion Then an old arming doublet. 1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 749 A swarth Indian with his belt of beads. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles i. vii. 13 Where thwarting tides, with mingled roar, Part thy swarth hills from Morvern's shore. 1851 M. Reid Scalp Hunters I. vii. 92 The complexion—from tan and exposure—was brown and swarth. b. figurative. ΚΠ a1625 J. Fletcher Island Princesse v. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Ppp2^v/1 Foule swarthe ingratitude. B. n.⁵ Swarthiness; dusky complexion or colour. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [noun] > shade or tone > darkness swartnessa1100 darknessa1398 sable?a1513 swarthness?1527 darksomeness1571 swarthiness1577 swartha1661 a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 258 The skies Face and black swarth of cloud threaten no ill: 'Tis summer-thunder. 1872 R. Browning Fifine xv First Let me..pourtray you..The gypsy's foreign self, no swarth our sun could bake. Derivatives ˈswarthish adj. somewhat swarthy. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [adjective] > relating to tone > of dark variety or complexion swarta1395 black-browed1590 swarfy1602 swarthy1602 swarf1619 swartish1630 swarthish1653 swarfish1671 brunette1724 dusky1827 brunet1840 1653 W. Ramesey Astrologia Restaurata 86 A..long visage, and a swarthish complexion. ˈswarthness n. swarthiness, duskiness. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [noun] > shade or tone > darkness swartnessa1100 darknessa1398 sable?a1513 swarthness?1527 darksomeness1571 swarthiness1577 swartha1661 ?1527 Iudycyall of Vryns ii. ii. 11 b A swarthnes, a derknes & dymnes in the vryne, most to blaknesse warde. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online March 2022). swarthv.¹ Etymology: < swarth n.¹ Now dialect. transitive and intransitive = sward v. 1, 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > produce vegetation [verb (transitive)] > cover with vegetation > grass sward1610 swarth1610 the world > the earth > land > landscape > fertile land or place > land with vegetation > be covered with vegetation [verb (intransitive)] > specific grassland sward1610 swarth1765 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia i. vi. 13 With what Herbage the Crust or Sword is matted, mantled and swarthed. 1765 Museum Rusticum 4 xxi. 95 If, through..some mischance in the hay-seeds, it should not swarth well. 1858 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 19 i. 256 Where land is of a rich loamy character, there is no difficulty in getting it to swarth over with grass of good quality. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online September 2018). swarthv.² /swɔːð//swɔːθ/ Etymology: < swarth adj. and n.⁵ rare. transitive. To make swarthy, to darken. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > quality of colour > [verb (transitive)] > darken darka1398 darken1550 sad1573 infuscate1650 swarthy1663 swarth1846 nebulate1874 the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > darkness > [verb (transitive)] swart1577 swartha1889 1846 G. Warburton Hochelaga II. 161 Complexion fresh and ruddy but swarthed over by sun and wind. a1889 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 180 His cheeks the forth-and-flaunting sun Had swarthed about with lion-brown. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1918; most recently modified version published online September 2018). < n.¹c725n.²1552n.³1596n.⁴1674adj.n.⁵?1527v.¹1610v.²1846
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swarthn.1

swarthn.2

swarthn.3

swarthn.4

swarthadj.n.5

Derivatives

swarthv.1

swarthv.2

swarthn.¹

swarthn.²

swarthn.³

swarthn.⁴

swarthadj.n.⁵

swarthv.¹

swarthv.²