situpan.

Brit.

/sɪˈtuːpə/,

/sɪˈtuːpɑː/, U.S.

/sɪˈtupə/,

/sɪˈtuˌpɑ/, East African English

/siˈtupa/

Inflections: Plural chitupas, situpas, unchanged.

Forms: 1900s– chitupa, 1900s– situpa.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Lozi. Partly a borrowing from Bemba. Etymons: Lozi situpa, Bemba citupa.

Etymology: Partly < Lozi situpa ( < si- , singular class prefix + -tupa identity document), and partly (in form chitupa) < its cognate Bemba citupa.

In Southern Rhodesia (subsequently Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (subsequently Zambia): an official document that the British colonial government required black Africans to carry, certifying the holder's personal details, tribal affiliation, and employment history. Now historical. Situpas were issued in the early to mid 20th cent., initially only to black African men, but later also to black African women. Black Africans protested against the situpa system, which severely restricted their movement, and enabled abusive labour practices and ethnic segregation.

ΚΠ

1928 NADA: S. Rhodesia Native Affairs Departmental Ann. 6 101 Men, I have lost my situpa.

1976 Ekistics 41 148/1 All migrants to the towns had to possess a situpa..endorsed for the journey by their chief.

1989 S. Chinodya Harvest of Thorns (1990) xv. 101 All men take out your situpas and hold your hands up!

2007 Sunday Times (Nexis) 29 Apr. 11 In order to have accepted the things I'd accepted, such as black men having to carry situpas.., I had to have seen Africans as second-class citizens.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

单词	situpa
释义	situpan. Brit. /sɪˈtuːpə/, /sɪˈtuːpɑː/, U.S. /sɪˈtupə/, /sɪˈtuˌpɑ/, East African English /siˈtupa/ Inflections: Plural chitupas, situpas, unchanged. Forms: 1900s– chitupa, 1900s– situpa. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Lozi. Partly a borrowing from Bemba. Etymons: Lozi situpa, Bemba citupa. Etymology: Partly < Lozi situpa ( < si- , singular class prefix + -tupa identity document), and partly (in form chitupa) < its cognate Bemba citupa. In Southern Rhodesia (subsequently Zimbabwe) and Northern Rhodesia (subsequently Zambia): an official document that the British colonial government required black Africans to carry, certifying the holder's personal details, tribal affiliation, and employment history. Now historical. Situpas were issued in the early to mid 20th cent., initially only to black African men, but later also to black African women. Black Africans protested against the situpa system, which severely restricted their movement, and enabled abusive labour practices and ethnic segregation. ΚΠ 1928 NADA: S. Rhodesia Native Affairs Departmental Ann. 6 101 Men, I have lost my situpa. 1976 Ekistics 41 148/1 All migrants to the towns had to possess a situpa..endorsed for the journey by their chief. 1989 S. Chinodya Harvest of Thorns (1990) xv. 101 All men take out your situpas and hold your hands up! 2007 Sunday Times (Nexis) 29 Apr. 11 In order to have accepted the things I'd accepted, such as black men having to carry situpas.., I had to have seen Africans as second-class citizens. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < n.1928
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