单词 | softshell |
释义 | softshelladj.n. A. adj. (attributive). 1. Having a soft shell; = soft-shelled adj. 1. Also: of or relating to something that has a soft shell. Chiefly in the names of animals (see softshell clam n., softshell crab n., softshell turtle n. at Compounds). Cf. hardshell adj. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [adjective] > having a hard protective covering > having a shell > having a soft shell soft-shelled1611 softshell1670 the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > fruit or reproductive product > nut > [adjective] > of or relating to a shell > having a shell > of a certain kind hard-shelled1599 shelled1611 hardshell1670 softshell1670 paper-shelled1753 1670 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 2) viii. 44 The Wall-nut, is of several sorts; the soft shell, and the hard, the whiter, and the blacker grain. 1811 J. M. Baker Let. 19 June in T. Jefferson Papers (2007) Retirement Ser. IV. 4 William R Lee..will..Send on One quarter Cask Albaflor Wine—One Bag Soft shell almonds. 1883 G. B. Goode Rev. Fishery Industries U.S. 51 This Crab is eaten in both the hard and soft shell condition. 1929 H. A. A. Nicholls & J. H. Holland Text-bk. Trop. Agric. (ed. 2) ii. xix. 552 The ‘Thin-shell’ or ‘Soft-shell’ palm nut.., so called because the nuts are easily cracked owing to the very thin shell. 1974 W. Foley Child in Forest 149 The cracked or soft-shell eggs were given to the men for breakfast. 2003 Chile Pepper Feb. 59/1 Amberjack..is basted with a blueberry barbecue sauce and garnished with crispy softshell crawfish. 2. U.S. That adopts or advocates a moderate course or policy in politics or religion. Cf. softshell Baptist n., softshell Democrat n. at Compounds. Now chiefly historical.Recorded earliest in softshell Baptist. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > [adjective] > advocating or adopting a moderate course softshell1844 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > restrained or moderate behaviour > [adjective] > that adopts a moderate course or policy softshell1844 soft-shelled1849 1844 Home Missionary Mag. Dec. 184/2 The Baptists here are divided into two parties, called Anti-missionary and Missionary, or ‘Hardshell’ and ‘Softshell’ Baptists. 1853 J. E. Cooley Speech before Democracy of Syracuse 46 The men of the south..may..confirm, possibly, in the Senate of the United States, the free-soil and soft-shell appointments of General Pierce. 1865 Pall Mall Gaz. 12 May 1 The type of what the Americans might call the ‘soft-shell’ Radicals. 1956 ABA Jrnl. June 592/2 The soft-shell egg-heads, the left-threaded screwballs, the pseudo-philosophers. 2010 J. Ryan John Sayles, Filmmaker (ed. 2) 105 Danny uses the Old Testament story of Joseph and Potiphar's wife to communicate Joe's innocence to the softshell congregation. B. n. 1. Chiefly U.S. A soft-shelled turtle. Also: a soft-shelled crab, lobster, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > suborder Cryptodira > member of family Trionychidae (soft-shell) mud turtle1756 softshell turtle1804 soft tortoise1821 mud terrapin1829 softshell1830 softback1832 Trionyx1835 potamian1851 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > miscellaneous or unspecified types of crab sea lion1601 blue crab1763 violet crab1774 angular crab1777 red crab1825 softshell1830 turtle-crab1838 porcellanian1840 Thelphusian1842 lady crab1844 oxystome1852 lobster-crab1854 porcelain crab1854 ochidore1855 havil1857 mask crab1857 sepoy crab1857 violet land crab1864 frog crab1876 stool-crab1880 paper-shell1890 porter crab1904 mitten crab1934 the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Macrura > soft-shelled lobster softshell1884 1830 R. C. Sands in M. R. Mitford Stories Amer. Life II. 288 The soft-shell of the Red River. 1846 T. B. Thorpe Myst. Backwoods 156 It is Turtle Lake from its abundance of ‘green, amphibious soft-shells’. 1884 R. Rathbun in G. B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 783 ‘Black Lobster,’ ‘Soft-shell,’ ‘Berried Lobster.’ 1935 Z. N. Hurston Mules & Men i. iii. 79 Ah'm gointer prune a gang of soft-shells (turtles). 1941 Louisiana: Guide to State (Federal Writers' Project) 227 ‘Soft-shells’ and ‘busters’ (shedding crabs from which the old shell is pried off) are coated with cracker meal and fried. 2001 Trav. Afr. Winter 120/4 The Nile soft-shell is the biggest freshwater turtle in Africa. 2002 New Cook Bk. (Better Homes & Gardens) (ed. 12) 298/2 Live soft-shell blue crabs are available mid-May through September, but frozen soft-shells can be purchased year-round. 2. U.S. a. = softshell Baptist n. at Compounds. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > Democratic Party > member or adherent of > of branch of loco-foco1835 loco1838 O.K.1840 hard1843 softshell1845 barn-burner1848 hardshell1852 soft1853 softshell1853 Bourbon1859 short-hairs1867 New Dem1962 Blue Dog1995 1845 Knickerbocker 26 285 A ‘Hard-Shell’ recently turned a ‘Soft-Shell’ out of church. 1930 Amer. Speech 5 412 The Soft-shells were more liberal as regards worldly practices. 2015 L. Alther in L. Alther & F. Gilot About Women viii. 228 The Soft Shells believed anyone had the potential to be saved. b. Politics. A member of the less conservative of the two factions into which the Democratic Party in New York state was divided in 1852 and subsequent years; (later sometimes more generally) a moderate or progressive Democrat. Cf. soft n. 6b. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > American politics > [noun] > Democratic Party > member or adherent of > of branch of loco-foco1835 loco1838 O.K.1840 hard1843 softshell1845 barn-burner1848 hardshell1852 soft1853 softshell1853 Bourbon1859 short-hairs1867 New Dem1962 Blue Dog1995 1853 Yankee Notions Mar. 81/1 All the Democrats, North and South, who have visited him, Secessionists and Abolitionists,..Hard Shells and Soft Shells, Old Fogies and Young Americans. 1866 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 201/1 The ‘Soft Shells’ were ‘Free-soil’ Democrats. 1927 D. T. Lynch ‘Boss’ Tweed xiii. 153 He pleaded almost daily the need of uniting the Hardshells and the Softshells. 1997 J. A. Goldman Building New York's Sewers 124 By the early 1850s both New York State's and City's Democratic Party had split into two factions, the Hard-Shells and the Soft-Shells. Compounds softshell Baptist n. U.S. (now historical) a Baptist holding relatively liberal views.Opposed to hardshell Baptist n. at hardshell adj. and n. Compounds. ΚΠ 1844 Home Missionary Mag. Dec. 184/2 The Baptists here are divided into two parties, called Anti-missionary and Missionary, or ‘Hardshell’ and ‘Softshell’ Baptists. 1872 M. S. De Vere Americanisms 241 Such are the Soft Shell Baptists, so called on account of their less stern manners and less rigid principles. 1915 L. A. Harding Hist. Decatur County, Indiana viii. 213 Missionary work, and even Sunday schools, have been opposed in Baptist churches in the past, and thus have arisen ‘Hardshell’ and ‘Softshell’ Baptists. 1996 P. Conn Pearl S. Buck i. 2 They represented all the major Protestant denominations: Congregationalists, Methodists, hardshell and softshell Baptists, [etc.]. softshell clam n. U.S. a large, edible bivalve mollusc, Myia arenaria (family Myidae), found in tidal mudflats in the north Atlantic and east Pacific.Also called sand gaper, soft clam, steamer, longneck. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > class Pelecypoda or Conchifera > [noun] > section Siphonida > sinu-pallialia > family Myacidae fleming1603 clam1672 clamp1672 basket-shell1713 Mya1777 soft clam1800 smurlin1806 sand-clam1809 long clam1811 old maid1815 softshell clam1818 maninose1843 gaper1853 long neck1857 geoduck1881 bluenose1883 sand-gaper1887 mano1899 1818 Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2 296 Soft shell Clam. These animals..are excellent eating. 1920 A. F. Pattee Pract. Dietetics (ed. 13) 168 There are two varieties, the hard and soft shell clams. 1968 J. Hay Sandy Shore v. 22 Anyone raking for soft-shell clams might associate the flats with little else. 2011 Harper's Bazaar (U.K. ed.) July 36/2 We'd go to crab shacks together and take away steamed soft-shell clams. softshell crab n. U.S. a crab that has shed its shell and is awaiting the hardening of the new one, enabling most of the animal to be eaten; also called soft crab. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > crabs at particular stage soft crab1737 softshell crab1806 megalopa1815 buster1855 megalops1855 shedder-crab1860 peeler1866 shedder1872 prawn-stage1896 fat crab1905 1806 Monthly Mag. Feb. 28/2 The soft shell crab is the greatest delicacy. 1887 Lippincott's Monthly Mag. Sept. 456 Baltimore,..the home of the soft-shell crab, the diamond-back terrapin. 1977 E. Leonard Unknown Man No. 89 xx. 202 Softshell crabs, very good fish, steak. 2011 New Yorker 15 Aug. 44/2 One has to eat the chitinous exoskeleton, but the same is true for soft-shell crab. softshell Democrat n. U.S. Politics (now historical) a member of the less conservative of the two factions into which the Democratic Party in New York state was divided in 1852 and subsequent years; cf. sense B. 2b. ΚΠ 1854 Boston Post 27 Jan. The distinction between a hard shell and a soft shell democrat. 1909 W. A. Goulder Reminiscences xii. 101 The Democratic party in Missouri was at that time divided into two factions; the ‘hard’ and the ‘soft-shell Democrats’. 2008 P. C. Cohen et al. Flash Press 261 Walsh was identified as a ‘soft-shell’ Democrat and noted for his radical, democratic, and pro-Southern sympathies. softshell turtle n. any of various freshwater turtles that constitute the family Trionychidae, esp. North American turtles of the genus Apalone (or Trionyx), which are characterized by a flexible leathery carapace. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Chelonia (turtles and tortoises) > [noun] > suborder Cryptodira > member of family Trionychidae (soft-shell) mud turtle1756 softshell turtle1804 soft tortoise1821 mud terrapin1829 softshell1830 softback1832 Trionyx1835 potamian1851 1804 J. Pinkerton Mod. Geogr. (new ed.) II. 451 (note) The soft-shell turtle..is peculiar to America. 1884 F. W. True in G.B. Goode et al. Fisheries U.S.: Sect. I 152 The food of the Soft-shell Turtles consists of small fishes, snails, and other small animals. 1943 Z. N. Hurston Let. 15 May in Life in Lett. (2002) 488 I go for hush-puppies too and soft-shell turtle. 2002 G. M. Eberhart Mysterious Creatures II. 372/2 The African softshell turtle (Trionyx triunguis ) reaches a length of 3 feet. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1670 |
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