sophistn.

Brit.

/ˈsɒfɪst/, U.S.

/ˈsɑfəst/,

/ˈsoʊfəst/

Etymology: < Latin sophista, sophistēs, < Greek σοϕιστής, < σοϕίζεσθαι to become wise or learned. Hence also Spanish sofista, Italian sofista, French sophiste.

1. In ancient Greece, one specially engaged in the pursuit or communication of knowledge; esp. one who undertook to give instruction in intellectual and ethical matters in return for payment.In the latter sense contrasted with philosopher, and frequently used as a term of disparagement.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun] > professional teacher

mastereOE

schoolmistress1335

mistress1340

sophistera1387

sophist1542

schoolman1712

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > philosophy of the sophists > adherent of

sophistera1387

sophist1542

dunce?1546

dunser?1550

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 14^v Sophistes at the fyrst begynnyng wer men that professed to bee teachers of wisedome and eloquence, and the name of Sophistes was had in honoure and price.

1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. i. i. sig. Aij The Gretians..naming it first Sophia, and suche as therein were skilled Sophistes or wysardes.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Oo2^v Not onely in the persons of the Sophists, but euen in Socrates himselfe.

1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 98 As well sculpters and painters.., as Sophists and Rhetoricians.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Introd. 6 The very Sophists themselves..have declar'd him no Sophist, but a Philosopher.

1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music vi. 137 In later Times it became a common Practice for Sophists and Rhetoricians to contend in Prose, at the Olympic Games, for the Crown of Glory.

1835 T. Mitchell in tr. Aristophanes Acharnians 717 (note) Socrates having ironically addressed the two boasting and ridiculous sophists..as gods.

a1842 T. Arnold Hist. Later Rom. Commonw. (1846) II. xii. 451 The profession of a Sophist was a legal exemption from the duties of a juryman.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic ix. 267 The great use of disputation by the ancient sophists and the Schoolmen, as a logical exercise and a means of education.

2. One who is distinguished for learning; a wise or learned man.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun]

uþwitec888

larewc900

learnerc900

witec900

wise manOE

leredc1154

masterc1225

readera1387

artificer1449

man of science1482

rabbi1527

rabbin1531

worthy1567

artsmanc1574

philologer1588

artist1592

virtuoso1613

sophist1614

fulla1616

scholastica1633

philologist1638

gnostic1641

scholarian1647

pundit1661

scientman1661

savant1719

ollamh1723

maulvi1776

pandect1791

Sabora1797

erudit1800

mallam1829

Gelehrter1836

erudite1865

walking encyclopaedia1868

Einstein1942

1614 J. Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue ii. 320 Whose prudent Problems, touching every Theam, Draw thousand Sophists to Jerusalem.

1645 Bp. J. Hall Remedy Discontentm. xvi. 88 Those Indian Sophists that took their name from their nakednesse.

1727 N. Lardner Wks. (1838) I. 131 There were in the city two sophists..(or rabbies) who were reckoned exceedingly skilful in the laws of their country.

1794 T. Taylor tr. Pausanias Descr. Greece III. 321 For this god is a sophist, who purifies souls after death.

1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. vi. 64 Can all, saint, sage, or sophist ever writ, People this lonely tower, this tenement refit?

a1857 R. A. Vaughan Ess. & Remains (1858) I. 46 If we may credit some of our sophists, it [religion] descended from heaven like some of the deified stones of antiquity.

a. One who makes use of fallacious arguments; a specious reasoner.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > misleading argument, sophistry > [noun] > false reasoner, sophist

sophisterc1380

Duns man1528

chop-loge1542

dunser?1550

shifter1567

chop-logic1575

sophist1581

casuist1616

casualist1633

Jesuit1640

logicaster1683

chopper1699

special pleader1796

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 34 You knowe also that we naturallie hate cauillers and Sophists, who at euerie word will ouerthwart us.

1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st xliii. 22 Hence! ye, who snare and stupefy the mind, Sophists, of beauty, virtue, joy, the bane!

1774 T. Reid Brief Acct. Aristotle's Logic i. §1, in Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man II. iii. 170 The pride and vanity of the sophist appear too much in his writings.

1820 L. Hunt Indicator 5 Apr. 201 It is only for sophists to pretend that we, whose eyes contain the fountains of tears, need never give way to them.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 7 Nor, it was said, had the speculations of this odious school of sophists [Roman Catholic casuists] been barren of results.

1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. xi. 167 Thou art, and thou remain'st, a sophist, liar.

figurative.1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham III. ix. 130 Our passions are terrible sophists!

b. attributive or in appositive use.

ΚΠ

c1730 Savage Character in Wks. (1775) II. 209 Whose savage mind wants sophist-art to draw O'er murder'd virtue specious veils of law.

1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 43 I laugh..At the sophist schools.

1852 M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna, & Other Poems ii. 29 Before the Sophist brood hath overlaid The last spark of man's consciousness with words.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 43 The style gets the better of the thought in the Sophist-poet Euripides.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	sophist
释义	sophistn. Brit. /ˈsɒfɪst/, U.S. /ˈsɑfəst/, /ˈsoʊfəst/ Etymology: < Latin sophista, sophistēs, < Greek σοϕιστής, < σοϕίζεσθαι to become wise or learned. Hence also Spanish sofista, Italian sofista, French sophiste. 1. In ancient Greece, one specially engaged in the pursuit or communication of knowledge; esp. one who undertook to give instruction in intellectual and ethical matters in return for payment.In the latter sense contrasted with philosopher, and frequently used as a term of disparagement. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > [noun] > professional teacher mastereOE schoolmistress1335 mistress1340 sophistera1387 sophist1542 schoolman1712 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > ancient Greek philosophy > post-Socratic philosophy > [noun] > philosophy of the sophists > adherent of sophistera1387 sophist1542 dunce?1546 dunser?1550 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 14^v Sophistes at the fyrst begynnyng wer men that professed to bee teachers of wisedome and eloquence, and the name of Sophistes was had in honoure and price. 1547 W. Baldwin Treat. Morall Phylos. i. i. sig. Aij The Gretians..naming it first Sophia, and suche as therein were skilled Sophistes or wysardes. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Oo2^v Not onely in the persons of the Sophists, but euen in Socrates himselfe. View more context for this quotation 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 98 As well sculpters and painters.., as Sophists and Rhetoricians. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) Introd. 6 The very Sophists themselves..have declar'd him no Sophist, but a Philosopher. 1763 J. Brown Diss. Poetry & Music vi. 137 In later Times it became a common Practice for Sophists and Rhetoricians to contend in Prose, at the Olympic Games, for the Crown of Glory. 1835 T. Mitchell in tr. Aristophanes Acharnians 717 (note) Socrates having ironically addressed the two boasting and ridiculous sophists..as gods. a1842 T. Arnold Hist. Later Rom. Commonw. (1846) II. xii. 451 The profession of a Sophist was a legal exemption from the duties of a juryman. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic ix. 267 The great use of disputation by the ancient sophists and the Schoolmen, as a logical exercise and a means of education. 2. One who is distinguished for learning; a wise or learned man. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > scholarly knowledge, erudition > learned person, scholar > [noun] uþwitec888 larewc900 learnerc900 witec900 wise manOE leredc1154 masterc1225 readera1387 artificer1449 man of science1482 rabbi1527 rabbin1531 worthy1567 artsmanc1574 philologer1588 artist1592 virtuoso1613 sophist1614 fulla1616 scholastica1633 philologist1638 gnostic1641 scholarian1647 pundit1661 scientman1661 savant1719 ollamh1723 maulvi1776 pandect1791 Sabora1797 erudit1800 mallam1829 Gelehrter1836 erudite1865 walking encyclopaedia1868 Einstein1942 1614 J. Sylvester Bethulia's Rescue ii. 320 Whose prudent Problems, touching every Theam, Draw thousand Sophists to Jerusalem. 1645 Bp. J. Hall Remedy Discontentm. xvi. 88 Those Indian Sophists that took their name from their nakednesse. 1727 N. Lardner Wks. (1838) I. 131 There were in the city two sophists..(or rabbies) who were reckoned exceedingly skilful in the laws of their country. 1794 T. Taylor tr. Pausanias Descr. Greece III. 321 For this god is a sophist, who purifies souls after death. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. vi. 64 Can all, saint, sage, or sophist ever writ, People this lonely tower, this tenement refit? a1857 R. A. Vaughan Ess. & Remains (1858) I. 46 If we may credit some of our sophists, it [religion] descended from heaven like some of the deified stones of antiquity. 3. a. One who makes use of fallacious arguments; a specious reasoner. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > misleading argument, sophistry > [noun] > false reasoner, sophist sophisterc1380 Duns man1528 chop-loge1542 dunser?1550 shifter1567 chop-logic1575 sophist1581 casuist1616 casualist1633 Jesuit1640 logicaster1683 chopper1699 special pleader1796 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 34 You knowe also that we naturallie hate cauillers and Sophists, who at euerie word will ouerthwart us. 1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st xliii. 22 Hence! ye, who snare and stupefy the mind, Sophists, of beauty, virtue, joy, the bane! 1774 T. Reid Brief Acct. Aristotle's Logic i. §1, in Ld. Kames Sketches Hist. Man II. iii. 170 The pride and vanity of the sophist appear too much in his writings. 1820 L. Hunt Indicator 5 Apr. 201 It is only for sophists to pretend that we, whose eyes contain the fountains of tears, need never give way to them. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. vi. 7 Nor, it was said, had the speculations of this odious school of sophists [Roman Catholic casuists] been barren of results. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. xi. 167 Thou art, and thou remain'st, a sophist, liar. figurative.1828 E. Bulwer-Lytton Pelham III. ix. 130 Our passions are terrible sophists! b. attributive or in appositive use. ΚΠ c1730 Savage Character in Wks. (1775) II. 209 Whose savage mind wants sophist-art to draw O'er murder'd virtue specious veils of law. 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 43 I laugh..At the sophist schools. 1852 M. Arnold Empedocles on Etna, & Other Poems ii. 29 Before the Sophist brood hath overlaid The last spark of man's consciousness with words. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 43 The style gets the better of the thought in the Sophist-poet Euripides. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1542
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