son of a bitchn.int.

Brit.

/ˌsʌn əv ə ˈbɪtʃ/, U.S.

/ˌsən əv ə ˈbɪtʃ/,

/ˈsən əv ə ˌbɪtʃ/

Inflections: Plural sons of bitches.

Forms:

α. 1600s– son of a bitch, 1900s– sonofabitch, 1900s– sonovabitch, 1900s– sonuvabitch, 1900s– sunovabych.

β. 1900s– sonabitch, 1900s– sonna bitch, 1900s– sonnenbitch, 1900s– sonsabitches (plural).

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: son n.¹, of prep., a pron., bitch n.¹

Etymology: < son n.¹ + of prep. + a pron. + bitch n.¹ Compare son of a —— at son n.¹ Phrases 1f. Compare French fils de chienne (1651 in the passage translated in quot. 1665 at sense A. 1a), fils de chien (a1483 in Middle French as filz de chient ). Compare earlier bitch-son n. at bitch n.¹ Compounds 3.In β. forms with reduction of the unstressed preposition of (see a prep.²) and omission of the indefinite article.

colloquial. Now chiefly North American.

A. n.

a. As a general term of abuse for a man. Cf. bitch-son n. at bitch n.¹ Compounds 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > [noun] > loathsome or unpleasant person

hateful1510

son of a ——?1576

son of a bitch1655

nuisance1661

obnoxity1851

oik1917

knob1920

putz1928

swipe1929

jack-off?1939

jagoff?1939

sumbitch1944

jerko1949

sonofa1950

bloody1960

weeny1964

dick1966

gross-out1966

wank1970

poison ivy1976

jerkwad1980

dickwad1983

dickweed1984

jerkweed1988

knob jockey1989

wankstain1990

ball sack1991

bawbag1999

dicksack1999

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 20 One that..art nothing but the composition of a knaue, begger, coward, pander, and the sonne and heire of a mungrell bitch.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Coxcombe i. i. in Comedies & Trag. (1647) 100/1 They had no mothers, they are the sons of bitches.]

1655 Middlesex Session Rolls (London Metropolitan Archives: MJ/SR/1141) 278 Damaris Dry..to answere Richard Carter Headborough..y^t she did..reuile him..Calling him y^e sonn of a Bitch, asking him also where y^e Bawd his mother was.

1665 J. B. tr. P. Scarron Comical Romance 8 The most cholerick of the two, turning towards the Marker: Son of a Bitch [Fr. Fils de chienne], said he, wherefore didst thou lend my clothes to that Puppet-player?

c1675 Purgatorium Hibernicum (MS. 470, Nat. Libr. Ireland) 69 That cursed son of a bitch there, That ugly, foultool, greasy mitcher.

1702 J. Shirley Triumph of Wit (ed. 4) 215 There stands Jack Ketch, that Son of a Bitch, that owes us all a grudge.

1762 L. Sterne Let. 11 Jan. in Lett. 1739–64 (2009) 222 Phelps is a son of a Bitch for saying I was worse than when I left You for I am ten, nay 15 per Cen^ts better.

1800 J. Sappington in T. Jefferson Notes Virginia 52 Logan's brother..attempted to strike him, saying ‘White man, son of a bitch.’

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. xiv. 243 You burgoo-eating, pea-soup-swilling, trouser-scrubbing son of a bitch.

1929 E. Pound Let. 1 Feb. (1971) 224 The stinking sons-of-bitches who rot the country.

1951 J. D. Salinger Catcher in Rye iii. 30 Boy, I can't stand that sonuvabitch.

1987 A. Miller Timebends (1988) vi. 401 He was not terrible, he was a goddam sonabitch!

1996 C. Higson Getting Rid of Mr Kitchen vi. 71 You really are a pitiless son of a bitch, aren't you?

2010 J. Fielding Wild Zone ix. 101 I say you're a no-good son of a bitch, that's what I say.

b. In neutral or approving contexts: a man, a fellow. Also used as a familiar, friendly, or ironic form of address.With use of 'tis in reference to a person in quot. 1697, compare it pron. 2c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > man > [noun]

churla800

werec900

rinkeOE

wapmanc950

heOE

wyeOE

gomeOE

ledeOE

seggeOE

shalkOE

manOE

carmanlOE

mother bairnc1225

hemea1250

mother sona1250

hind1297

buck1303

mister mana1325

piecec1325

groomc1330

man of mouldc1330

hathela1350

sire1362

malea1382

fellowa1393

guestc1394

sergeant?a1400

tailarda1400

tulka1400

harlotc1405

mother's sona1470

frekea1475

her1488

masculinea1500

gentlemana1513

horse?a1513

mutton?a1513

merchant1549

child1551

dick1553

sorrya1555

knavea1556

dandiprat1556

cove1567

rat1571

manling1573

bird1575

stone-horse1580

loona1586

shaver1592

slave1592

copemate1593

tit1594

dog1597

hima1599

prick1598

dingle-dangle1605

jade1608

dildoa1616

Roger1631

Johnny1648

boy1651

cod1653

cully1676

son of a bitch1697

cull1698

feller1699

chap1704

buff1708

son of a gun1708

buffer1749

codger1750

Mr1753

he-man1758

fella1778

gilla1790

gloak1795

joker1811

gory1819

covey1821

chappie1822

Charley1825

hombre1832

brother-man1839

rooster1840

blokie1841

hoss1843

Joe1846

guy1847

plug1848

chal1851

rye1851

omee1859

bloke1861

guffin1862

gadgie1865

mug1865

kerel1873

stiff1882

snoozer1884

geezer1885

josser1886

dude1895

gazabo1896

jasper1896

prairie dog1897

sport1897

crow-eater1899

papa1903

gink1906

stud1909

scout1912

head1913

beezer1914

jeff1917

pisser1918

bimbo1919

bozo1920

gee1921

mush1936

rye mush1936

basher1942

okie1943

mugger1945

cat1946

ou1949

tess1952

oke1970

bra1974

muzhik1993

1697 T. D'Urfey Intrigues at Versailles 12 I knew one Gulchen, that us'd to carry Sacks to the Pinnace in our Dock at Rotterdam—just like him, 'tis a good lusty fore-handed well-set Son of a Bitch.

1925 Amer. Speech 1 139/1 Hi, you red-eyed son-of-a-bitch! How's the holy old rough side of your liver this mornin?

1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) xv. 294 ‘The son of a bitch is crazy,’ said, in soft English, but completely without malice or disapproval.

1958 J. Carew Wild Coast ix. 124 He was a drinking, whoring, kindly savage son-of-a-bitch.

1979 A. Hailey Overload (new ed.) iii. xiii. 258 Besides, the son-of-a-bitch had guts and was honest.

1995 P. Conroy Beach Music (1996) xxvi. 417 Grab the wheel, Mama, because I'm one annulled son of a bitch.

2014 N.Y. Observer (Nexis) 29 Sept. Don't ever change Chris Pratt, you beautiful sonofabitch.

2. As an abusive or (occasionally) admiring term for an animal, esp. a fierce, aggressive, or disobedient one. rare before 20th cent.

ΚΠ

1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. vii. 30 We saw an overgrown curst mangy Curr with a pair of Heads, a Wolf's Belly, and Claws like the Devil of Hell. The Son of a Bitch was fed with Cost; for he liv'd on a Mulctiplicity of Fine Amonds.

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. viii. 63 These sons of bitches of horses, which I had bought but two days before.

1909 Rep. Appellate Courts Illinois 141 177 The son of a bitch [sc. a dog] he bit me.

1992 Equinox Aug. 76/1 ‘He's a pointy-looking son of a bitch’, says a cowboy, admiring the tan brute.

2011 N.Y. Daily News (Nexis) 4 Feb. 5 That was so much better than having to reach in and let the little sonofabitch [sc. a groundhog] bite you.

3. As a term for a thing, esp. something contemptible or (in later use) something large or impressive; (also) a difficult or unpleasant task or situation. rare before 20th cent.

ΚΠ

1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. xxxvi. 276 If so be that son of a bitch of a tree hadn't come athwart my weather-bow [etc.].

1899 Pacific Reporter 56 98/2 It is a son of a bitch of a shame for to hit a man like that.

1939 J. Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath xx. 335 They's a big son-of-a-bitch of a peach orchard I worked in.

1957 J. Kerouac On the Road i. iv. 24 They gunned up the truck to seventy... ‘We been riding this sonofabitch since Des Moines.’

1983 L. O'Connor Reporter in Sweet Chicago v. 132 It's a son of a bitch to be turning out this slop in the U.S. Army... It's a real son of a bitch.

2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon xxxv. 525 They're so different from us that reading their minds is a son of a bitch.

2017 D. Hunt & R. J. Pineiro Without Mercy xxii. 134 Patterson..spotted the runaway tanker... ‘That's one big son of a bitch.’

4. As a term of abuse for a woman. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused > female

visenagec1460

bitch-clout?a1475

harlot?c1500

tarleather1575

whipperginnie1593

brach1612

city wire1616

she-dog1624

cunt1663

faggot1722

son of a bitch1936

1936 H. Miller Black Spring 250 He got to working overtime in order to lay aside the little bribe which would make the frigid son of a bitch come across like a nymphomaniac.

1982 R. S. Reid Max Holly vi. 127 She's a real sonofabitch.

B. int.

Used as an expletive expressing anger, annoyance, surprise, etc.

ΚΠ

1933 Follies Winter 31/2 ‘Your vocabulary is all right.’ ‘Sunovabych!’

1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie ii. 31 ‘Sonofabitch!’ she snarled. ‘They can tell when a woman isn't looking for a pickup.’

1970 T. McNally ¡Cuba Si! in Three Plays 8 Son of a bitch, those buzzards got my goat.

1992 H. N. Schwarzkopf It doesn't take Hero x. 156 Something had been gnawing at me all day..and now all of a sudden it hit me. Son of a bitch!

2010 Canberra Times (Nexis) 30 Jan. a12 You suddenly blurted Son-of-a-bitch as if you had spotted a sniper.

Phrases

Used in comparisons or similes to emphasize strength, ferocity, speed, etc., esp. in like a son of a bitch.

ΚΠ

1828 Lion 17 Oct. 511 He worked like a son of a bitch.

1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie viii. 76 I hit Philly sick as a sonofabitch.

1976 New Yorker 15 Mar. 32/3 Well, I hit that bastard with my white fist and ran out of there like a sonuvabitch.

1990 R. Ludlum Bourne Ultimatum i. 5 Get out of here—run like a son of a bitch and find a telephone.

2005 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg. 27 Apr. b4 The car takes off like a son-of-a-bitch.

Derivatives

ˌson-of-a-ˈbitching adj. despicable, obnoxious, contemptible (used esp. as an intensifier).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [adjective] > as abused

lousyc1386

greasya1529

mongrela1594

shake rotten1595

strummell-patch1600

thornbackly1605

toad-spotted1608

pissabed1643

shit-breeched1664

shit-breech1675

mole-catching1693

nine-eyed1694

poxya1758

cocksucking1872

bastard1877

motherfucking1890

son-of-a-bitching1902

so-and-so1929

mother-raping1932

zombie1937

chickenshit1940

pissy-arsed1940

bastarding1944

mother-loving1948

mothering1951

1902 Southwestern Reporter 69 876/1 I am going to kill that son of a bitching partner of mine.

1930 J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel i. 101 Every sonofabitchin yellerleg in the State of Nevada.

1960 J. Kirkwood There must be Pony! i. 8 The meanest son-of-a-bitching parrot you could ever run up against.

2006 S. Lanning Harper's Bluff xl. 299 I'm gonna make good and sure that son-of-a-bitching father of his rots in the filthiest prison I can find.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	son of a bitch
释义	son of a bitchn.int. Brit. /ˌsʌn əv ə ˈbɪtʃ/, U.S. /ˌsən əv ə ˈbɪtʃ/, /ˈsən əv ə ˌbɪtʃ/ Inflections: Plural sons of bitches. Forms: α. 1600s– son of a bitch, 1900s– sonofabitch, 1900s– sonovabitch, 1900s– sonuvabitch, 1900s– sunovabych. β. 1900s– sonabitch, 1900s– sonna bitch, 1900s– sonnenbitch, 1900s– sonsabitches (plural). Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: son n.¹, of prep., a pron., bitch n.¹ Etymology: < son n.¹ + of prep. + a pron. + bitch n.¹ Compare son of a —— at son n.¹ Phrases 1f. Compare French fils de chienne (1651 in the passage translated in quot. 1665 at sense A. 1a), fils de chien (a1483 in Middle French as filz de chient ). Compare earlier bitch-son n. at bitch n.¹ Compounds 3.In β. forms with reduction of the unstressed preposition of (see a prep.²) and omission of the indefinite article. colloquial. Now chiefly North American. A. n. 1. a. As a general term of abuse for a man. Cf. bitch-son n. at bitch n.¹ Compounds 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > hatred > object of detestation (person or thing) > [noun] > loathsome or unpleasant person hateful1510 son of a ——?1576 son of a bitch1655 nuisance1661 obnoxity1851 oik1917 knob1920 putz1928 swipe1929 jack-off?1939 jagoff?1939 sumbitch1944 jerko1949 sonofa1950 bloody1960 weeny1964 dick1966 gross-out1966 wank1970 poison ivy1976 jerkwad1980 dickwad1983 dickweed1984 jerkweed1988 knob jockey1989 wankstain1990 ball sack1991 bawbag1999 dicksack1999 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear vii. 20 One that..art nothing but the composition of a knaue, begger, coward, pander, and the sonne and heire of a mungrell bitch. View more context for this quotation a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Coxcombe i. i. in Comedies & Trag. (1647) 100/1 They had no mothers, they are the sons of bitches.] 1655 Middlesex Session Rolls (London Metropolitan Archives: MJ/SR/1141) 278 Damaris Dry..to answere Richard Carter Headborough..y^t she did..reuile him..Calling him y^e sonn of a Bitch, asking him also where y^e Bawd his mother was. 1665 J. B. tr. P. Scarron Comical Romance 8 The most cholerick of the two, turning towards the Marker: Son of a Bitch [Fr. Fils de chienne], said he, wherefore didst thou lend my clothes to that Puppet-player? c1675 Purgatorium Hibernicum (MS. 470, Nat. Libr. Ireland) 69 That cursed son of a bitch there, That ugly, foultool, greasy mitcher. 1702 J. Shirley Triumph of Wit (ed. 4) 215 There stands Jack Ketch, that Son of a Bitch, that owes us all a grudge. 1762 L. Sterne Let. 11 Jan. in Lett. 1739–64 (2009) 222 Phelps is a son of a Bitch for saying I was worse than when I left You for I am ten, nay 15 per Cen^ts better. 1800 J. Sappington in T. Jefferson Notes Virginia 52 Logan's brother..attempted to strike him, saying ‘White man, son of a bitch.’ 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. xiv. 243 You burgoo-eating, pea-soup-swilling, trouser-scrubbing son of a bitch. 1929 E. Pound Let. 1 Feb. (1971) 224 The stinking sons-of-bitches who rot the country. 1951 J. D. Salinger Catcher in Rye iii. 30 Boy, I can't stand that sonuvabitch. 1987 A. Miller Timebends (1988) vi. 401 He was not terrible, he was a goddam sonabitch! 1996 C. Higson Getting Rid of Mr Kitchen vi. 71 You really are a pitiless son of a bitch, aren't you? 2010 J. Fielding Wild Zone ix. 101 I say you're a no-good son of a bitch, that's what I say. b. In neutral or approving contexts: a man, a fellow. Also used as a familiar, friendly, or ironic form of address.With use of 'tis in reference to a person in quot. 1697, compare it pron. 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] churla800 werec900 rinkeOE wapmanc950 heOE wyeOE gomeOE ledeOE seggeOE shalkOE manOE carmanlOE mother bairnc1225 hemea1250 mother sona1250 hind1297 buck1303 mister mana1325 piecec1325 groomc1330 man of mouldc1330 hathela1350 sire1362 malea1382 fellowa1393 guestc1394 sergeant?a1400 tailarda1400 tulka1400 harlotc1405 mother's sona1470 frekea1475 her1488 masculinea1500 gentlemana1513 horse?a1513 mutton?a1513 merchant1549 child1551 dick1553 sorrya1555 knavea1556 dandiprat1556 cove1567 rat1571 manling1573 bird1575 stone-horse1580 loona1586 shaver1592 slave1592 copemate1593 tit1594 dog1597 hima1599 prick1598 dingle-dangle1605 jade1608 dildoa1616 Roger1631 Johnny1648 boy1651 cod1653 cully1676 son of a bitch1697 cull1698 feller1699 chap1704 buff1708 son of a gun1708 buffer1749 codger1750 Mr1753 he-man1758 fella1778 gilla1790 gloak1795 joker1811 gory1819 covey1821 chappie1822 Charley1825 hombre1832 brother-man1839 rooster1840 blokie1841 hoss1843 Joe1846 guy1847 plug1848 chal1851 rye1851 omee1859 bloke1861 guffin1862 gadgie1865 mug1865 kerel1873 stiff1882 snoozer1884 geezer1885 josser1886 dude1895 gazabo1896 jasper1896 prairie dog1897 sport1897 crow-eater1899 papa1903 gink1906 stud1909 scout1912 head1913 beezer1914 jeff1917 pisser1918 bimbo1919 bozo1920 gee1921 mush1936 rye mush1936 basher1942 okie1943 mugger1945 cat1946 ou1949 tess1952 oke1970 bra1974 muzhik1993 1697 T. D'Urfey Intrigues at Versailles 12 I knew one Gulchen, that us'd to carry Sacks to the Pinnace in our Dock at Rotterdam—just like him, 'tis a good lusty fore-handed well-set Son of a Bitch. 1925 Amer. Speech 1 139/1 Hi, you red-eyed son-of-a-bitch! How's the holy old rough side of your liver this mornin? 1951 E. Paul Springtime in Paris (U.K. ed.) xv. 294 ‘The son of a bitch is crazy,’ said, in soft English, but completely without malice or disapproval. 1958 J. Carew Wild Coast ix. 124 He was a drinking, whoring, kindly savage son-of-a-bitch. 1979 A. Hailey Overload (new ed.) iii. xiii. 258 Besides, the son-of-a-bitch had guts and was honest. 1995 P. Conroy Beach Music (1996) xxvi. 417 Grab the wheel, Mama, because I'm one annulled son of a bitch. 2014 N.Y. Observer (Nexis) 29 Sept. Don't ever change Chris Pratt, you beautiful sonofabitch. 2. As an abusive or (occasionally) admiring term for an animal, esp. a fierce, aggressive, or disobedient one. rare before 20th cent. ΚΠ 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais 5th Bk. Wks. vii. 30 We saw an overgrown curst mangy Curr with a pair of Heads, a Wolf's Belly, and Claws like the Devil of Hell. The Son of a Bitch was fed with Cost; for he liv'd on a Mulctiplicity of Fine Amonds. 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. viii. 63 These sons of bitches of horses, which I had bought but two days before. 1909 Rep. Appellate Courts Illinois 141 177 The son of a bitch [sc. a dog] he bit me. 1992 Equinox Aug. 76/1 ‘He's a pointy-looking son of a bitch’, says a cowboy, admiring the tan brute. 2011 N.Y. Daily News (Nexis) 4 Feb. 5 That was so much better than having to reach in and let the little sonofabitch [sc. a groundhog] bite you. 3. As a term for a thing, esp. something contemptible or (in later use) something large or impressive; (also) a difficult or unpleasant task or situation. rare before 20th cent. ΚΠ 1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. xxxvi. 276 If so be that son of a bitch of a tree hadn't come athwart my weather-bow [etc.]. 1899 Pacific Reporter 56 98/2 It is a son of a bitch of a shame for to hit a man like that. 1939 J. Steinbeck Grapes of Wrath xx. 335 They's a big son-of-a-bitch of a peach orchard I worked in. 1957 J. Kerouac On the Road i. iv. 24 They gunned up the truck to seventy... ‘We been riding this sonofabitch since Des Moines.’ 1983 L. O'Connor Reporter in Sweet Chicago v. 132 It's a son of a bitch to be turning out this slop in the U.S. Army... It's a real son of a bitch. 2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon xxxv. 525 They're so different from us that reading their minds is a son of a bitch. 2017 D. Hunt & R. J. Pineiro Without Mercy xxii. 134 Patterson..spotted the runaway tanker... ‘That's one big son of a bitch.’ 4. As a term of abuse for a woman. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [noun] > as abused > female visenagec1460 bitch-clout?a1475 harlot?c1500 tarleather1575 whipperginnie1593 brach1612 city wire1616 she-dog1624 cunt1663 faggot1722 son of a bitch1936 1936 H. Miller Black Spring 250 He got to working overtime in order to lay aside the little bribe which would make the frigid son of a bitch come across like a nymphomaniac. 1982 R. S. Reid Max Holly vi. 127 She's a real sonofabitch. B. int. Used as an expletive expressing anger, annoyance, surprise, etc. ΚΠ 1933 Follies Winter 31/2 ‘Your vocabulary is all right.’ ‘Sunovabych!’ 1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie ii. 31 ‘Sonofabitch!’ she snarled. ‘They can tell when a woman isn't looking for a pickup.’ 1970 T. McNally ¡Cuba Si! in Three Plays 8 Son of a bitch, those buzzards got my goat. 1992 H. N. Schwarzkopf It doesn't take Hero x. 156 Something had been gnawing at me all day..and now all of a sudden it hit me. Son of a bitch! 2010 Canberra Times (Nexis) 30 Jan. a12 You suddenly blurted Son-of-a-bitch as if you had spotted a sniper. Phrases Used in comparisons or similes to emphasize strength, ferocity, speed, etc., esp. in like a son of a bitch. ΚΠ 1828 Lion 17 Oct. 511 He worked like a son of a bitch. 1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie viii. 76 I hit Philly sick as a sonofabitch. 1976 New Yorker 15 Mar. 32/3 Well, I hit that bastard with my white fist and ran out of there like a sonuvabitch. 1990 R. Ludlum Bourne Ultimatum i. 5 Get out of here—run like a son of a bitch and find a telephone. 2005 Sandusky (Ohio) Reg. 27 Apr. b4 The car takes off like a son-of-a-bitch. Derivatives ˌson-of-a-ˈbitching adj. despicable, obnoxious, contemptible (used esp. as an intensifier). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior person > [adjective] > as abused lousyc1386 greasya1529 mongrela1594 shake rotten1595 strummell-patch1600 thornbackly1605 toad-spotted1608 pissabed1643 shit-breeched1664 shit-breech1675 mole-catching1693 nine-eyed1694 poxya1758 cocksucking1872 bastard1877 motherfucking1890 son-of-a-bitching1902 so-and-so1929 mother-raping1932 zombie1937 chickenshit1940 pissy-arsed1940 bastarding1944 mother-loving1948 mothering1951 1902 Southwestern Reporter 69 876/1 I am going to kill that son of a bitching partner of mine. 1930 J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel i. 101 Every sonofabitchin yellerleg in the State of Nevada. 1960 J. Kirkwood There must be Pony! i. 8 The meanest son-of-a-bitching parrot you could ever run up against. 2006 S. Lanning Harper's Bluff xl. 299 I'm gonna make good and sure that son-of-a-bitching father of his rots in the filthiest prison I can find. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2017; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.int.1655
随便看	θ232006 θ232007 θ232008 θ232009 θ23201 θ232010 θ232011 θ232012 θ232013 θ232014 θ232015 θ232016 θ232017 θ232018 θ232019 θ23202 θ232020 θ232021 θ232022 θ232023 θ232024 θ232025 θ232026 θ232027 θ232028