sparthn.¹

Forms: Also Middle English sparþe, Middle English–1600s (1800s) sparthe, Middle English sparreth, 1800s sperth(e.

Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse sparða.

Etymology: < Old Norse sparða of obscure origin, perhaps related to Old High German partâ (Middle High German barte ), Old Saxon barda (Middle Low German barde ) of the same meaning. Compare spar n.⁵Sparke in Spenser St. Ireland Wks. (Globe) 676/1 is probably a misreading for either sparthe or sparre.

Obsolete exc. Historical.

1. A long-handled broad-bladed battle-axe, used especially by the Irish down to the 16th century.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > axe > [noun]

wi-axc897

hand-axeOE

wifleOE

axec1275

poleaxe1294

Danish axe1297

hache1322

gisarmea1325

pollhache1324

spartha1363

battle-axec1380

the sheenc1400

sparc1440

Welsh glaive1483

twibit1510

twibill1558

tomahawkc1612

two-billc1619

sagaris1623

francisca1683

tom-axe1759

tomahawk1761

a1363 R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) I. 350 Tres fratres..usum securium, qui Anglice sparth dicitur, ad terram Hiberniæ comportarunt.

a1400–50 Alexander 1403 Now a schaft, now a schild,..Now a sparth, now a spere.

a1400–50 Alexander 2458 Sparrethis spetous to spend & speris in handis.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 209 An ax in his oþer [hand], a hoge & vn-mete, A spetos sparþe to expoun in spelle quo-so myȝt.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1662 He hath a Sparth of .xx. pound of wighte.

c1425 Eng. Conq. Ireland 16 Al, with wepne ryngynge, speres and sparthes ruthlynge to-geddre.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 273/2 Sparthe, an instrument.

1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland ii. i. 33/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II The one part giuing a fierce onset with stones and spa [r] ths, & the other defending themselues with bowes and weapons.

a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 30 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Their chiefe armes were Skeynes, Speares, Darts, Slings, and Sparthes, (which we call Galloglas Axes).

a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 85 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Of these and the former Norwegians, the Irish tooke the use of the Sparthes, now called Galloglas axes.

1800 W. Scott Eve St. John 2 At his saddle gerthe was a good steel sperthe.

2. transferred. A fighting-man armed with an axe of this kind; a gallowglass.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > axe

sparc1440

sparthc1518

axeman1807

gisarmier1834

poleaxer1885

c1518 in Jrnl. Kilkenny Arch. Soc. (1862) 2nd Ser. 4 112 The said Brene shull finde on his propre Costes an c Sparthis of Gallogles, on his vitailles and wagges..for a quarter of a yere.

1862 Jrnl. Kilkenny Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 4 112 (note) Every Sparthe or axman was attended by four ‘horse boys’.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	sparth
释义	sparthn.¹ Forms: Also Middle English sparþe, Middle English–1600s (1800s) sparthe, Middle English sparreth, 1800s sperth(e. Origin: A borrowing from early Scandinavian. Etymon: Norse sparða. Etymology: < Old Norse sparða of obscure origin, perhaps related to Old High German partâ (Middle High German barte ), Old Saxon barda (Middle Low German barde ) of the same meaning. Compare spar n.⁵Sparke in Spenser St. Ireland Wks. (Globe) 676/1 is probably a misreading for either sparthe or sparre. Obsolete exc. Historical. 1. A long-handled broad-bladed battle-axe, used especially by the Irish down to the 16th century. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > axe > [noun] wi-axc897 hand-axeOE wifleOE axec1275 poleaxe1294 Danish axe1297 hache1322 gisarmea1325 pollhache1324 spartha1363 battle-axec1380 the sheenc1400 sparc1440 Welsh glaive1483 twibit1510 twibill1558 tomahawkc1612 two-billc1619 sagaris1623 francisca1683 tom-axe1759 tomahawk1761 a1363 R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) I. 350 Tres fratres..usum securium, qui Anglice sparth dicitur, ad terram Hiberniæ comportarunt. a1400–50 Alexander 1403 Now a schaft, now a schild,..Now a sparth, now a spere. a1400–50 Alexander 2458 Sparrethis spetous to spend & speris in handis. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 209 An ax in his oþer [hand], a hoge & vn-mete, A spetos sparþe to expoun in spelle quo-so myȝt. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1662 He hath a Sparth of .xx. pound of wighte. c1425 Eng. Conq. Ireland 16 Al, with wepne ryngynge, speres and sparthes ruthlynge to-geddre. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 273/2 Sparthe, an instrument. 1587 J. Hooker tr. Giraldus Cambrensis Vaticinall Hist. Conquest Ireland ii. i. 33/1 in Holinshed's Chron. (new ed.) II The one part giuing a fierce onset with stones and spa [r] ths, & the other defending themselues with bowes and weapons. a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 30 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Their chiefe armes were Skeynes, Speares, Darts, Slings, and Sparthes, (which we call Galloglas Axes). a1604 M. Hanmer Chron. Ireland 85 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) Of these and the former Norwegians, the Irish tooke the use of the Sparthes, now called Galloglas axes. 1800 W. Scott Eve St. John 2 At his saddle gerthe was a good steel sperthe. 2. transferred. A fighting-man armed with an axe of this kind; a gallowglass. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > axe sparc1440 sparthc1518 axeman1807 gisarmier1834 poleaxer1885 c1518 in Jrnl. Kilkenny Arch. Soc. (1862) 2nd Ser. 4 112 The said Brene shull finde on his propre Costes an c Sparthis of Gallogles, on his vitailles and wagges..for a quarter of a yere. 1862 Jrnl. Kilkenny Arch. Soc. 2nd Ser. 4 112 (note) Every Sparthe or axman was attended by four ‘horse boys’. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021). † sparthn.² Obsolete. rare. (Meaning obscure.) ΚΠ a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Trial of Fox l. 895 in Poems (1981) 38 The anteloip, the sparth furth can speid. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.¹a1363n.²?a1500
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sparthn.1

† sparthn.2

sparthn.¹

† sparthn.²