speculumn.

/ˈspɛkjʊləm/

Forms: Plural ˈspecula and -ums.

Etymology: < Latin speculum, < specĕre to look (at), observe. So French spéculum, Italian speculo, specolo, Spanish espéculum.

1. A surgical instrument of various forms, used for dilating orifices of the body so as to facilitate examination or operations.Frequently with Latin genitive of the part for which the instrument is used, as speculum oculi, speculum oris, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > dilator or speculum

tendiculec1425

speculum1598

dilatator1611

dilatatory1611

dilater1634

dilator1688

diopter1706

quadrivalve1852

duck-bill speculum1879

proctoscope1896

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > by physical means > of specific parts or using specific instruments > specific examining instruments

speculum1598

diopter1706

otoscope1853

stomatoscope1853

laparoscope1855

cardioscope1856

sphygmoscope1856

stereoscope1857

laryngoscope1860

pharyngoscope1861

rhinoscope1861

autolaryngoscope1863

vaginoscope1863

oesophagoscope1868

photophore1871

rectoscope1871

endoscope1872

autoscope1873

glottiscope1876

polyscope1878

duck-bill speculum1879

tracer1882

diaphanoscope1883

gastroscope1888

cystoscope1889

kinetoskotoscope1896

photoscope1896

proctoscope1896

bronchoscope1899

sigmoidoscope1900

arthroscope1925

peritoneoscope1939

toposcope1951

fibrescope1954

mediastinoscope1966

fetoscope1968

angioscope1980

1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. C ij b/1 A Dilatorye of the Eyeliddes, or the Speculum of the Eye.

1671 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Speculum oris, an Instrument to skrew open the mouth, that the Chirurgion may discern the diseased parts of the throat.

1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 100 Dilatorium is a Chyrurgeons Instrument wherewith the Womb or the Mouth is dilated or opened. It is called likewise Speculum, because by it one may see into the Mouth, or the Womb.

1752 W. Smellie Treat. Midwifery I. Introd. p. xlix He is the first who gives a draught of the Speculum Matricis for dilating the Os Internum.

1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 103 Permit me to offer the model of a Speculum Oculi, for insertion in the Medical and Physical Journal.

1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 3552 Specula, an elegant assortment for the eye, ear, vagina, rectum and nose.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 983 Under an anæsthetic the speculum may be of service.

a. A mirror or reflector (of glass or metal) used for some scientific purpose; †a lens.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus

bain1477

speculum1650

filtering paper1651

wheel-fire1662

filter paper1670

sun furnace1763

respirator1789

candle-ball1794

rectifier1822

candle-bomb1823

filter1823

oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823

shade1837

graduator1839

pipette1839

thistle funnel1849

pressure tube1852

ozonizer1858

dialyser1861

Liebig condenser1861

Sprengel pump1866

Sprengel tube1866

water softener1867

mercury pump1869

Bunsen burner1870

dialysator1877

test-mixer1877

tube-condenser1877

Kipp1879

reflux condenser1880

policeman1888

converter1889

pressure boiler1891

spot plate1896

hydrogen electrode1898

sampler1902

reactor1903

fume-chamber1905

Permutit1910

microburner1911

salt bridge1915

precipitator1919

Raschig ring1920

microneedle1921

titrator1928

laboratory coatc1936

spray tower1937

precipitron1938

ion exchanger1941

potentiostat1942

chemostat1950

Knudsen pipette1951

pH-stat1956

cryopump1958

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun]

glass1545

optic1599

optic glass1607

perspicil1611

lenticular1658

spectacle-glass1682

lens1693

speculum1756

optical1944

lenslet1956

1650 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica (ed. 2) vii. xviii. 325 Archimedes burnt the ships of Marcellus, with speculums of parabolicall figures.

1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 46 The giving to a large Metalline Speculum a Concave figure, would never enable it to set Wood on fire.

1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 327 The notes [of Leonardo da Vinci] are written in a very small hand, and from the right to the left, so that they cannot be easily read without a magnifying speculum.

?1790 J. Imison School of Arts (ed. 2) 218 There are four of these concave specula, of different magnifying powers, to be used as objects to be examined may require.

1825 Gentleman's Mag. 95 i. 292/1 On opening it, it was found to contain in the lid a small convex metallic speculum, and in the under-part a larger one.

1860 M. Faraday Var. Forces Nature (1874) 186 A single small speculum, no larger than a nut, will send it in any direction we please.

1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 317/1 Place the speculum, face downwards, in a dish.

figurative.1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. xlvii. 404 The ultimate object intended to be reflected from this great speculum of creation.1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm vi. 146 The few individuals in every age to whom it has happened to live, and act, and speak under the focus of the speculum of history.

b. spec. A metallic mirror forming part of a reflecting telescope.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > mirror > [noun] > speculum

object-speculum1672

metal1693

speculum1704

mirror1762

reflector1815

1704 I. Newton Opticks i. i. 80 Such an Instrument..if it be 6 Foot long, (reckoning the length from the Speculum to the Prism, and thence to the Focus T).

1782 J. Edwards in Naut. Almanac (1787) 52 The Springs at the Back of the great Speculum, which are every Moment varying their Elasticity.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 44 It..is susceptible of so exquisite a polish, as to be admirably adapted for the speculums of telescopes.

c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 73/2 The speculum is generally made of an alloy composed of variable quantities of copper and tin.

1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. §481 The largest reflector in the world has been constructed by the late Earl of Rosse; its mirror, or speculum, is six feet in diameter.

c. transferred. A telescope fitted with a speculum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instrument for distant vision > [noun] > telescope > reflecting telescopes

reflecting telescope1672

reflector1735

speculum1789

Herschelian telescope1792

Newtonian1820

reflector telescope1840

Cassegrain1888

Nasmyth1960

Nasmyth–Cassegrain1972

1789 Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1790) 80 10 In hopes of great success with my forty-feet speculum, I deferred the attack upon Saturn till that should be finished.

†3. A diagram or drawing. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram

plat1508

plot1551

plack1552

placket1552

lineament1570

draught1580

landscape1642

plan1664

speculum1676

chart1880

1676 H. Coley Clavis Astrologiæ (ed. 2) iii. xi. 574 A Speculum of the Geniture, or Table of the Radiations of the Planets.

4. Ornithology. A lustrous mark on the wings of certain birds; = mirror n. 7c.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > wing or wings > marking on

beauty spot1804

wing-bar1844

speculum1847

wing-band1872

mirror1903

1847 Bewick's Hist. Brit. Birds (new ed.) II. 342 The speculum, or beauty-spot [of the wings], is of a well-grounded violet colour.

1863 C. St. John Nat. Hist. Moray 35 The pochard has no speculum or bright bar on the wing.

1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man I. viii. 291 The beautiful green speculum on the wings is common to both sexes.

5. = speculum metal at sense 6a (see sense 6a).

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other alloys of copper and tin

bell-metal1541

speculum metal1796

temper1875

speculum1912

1912 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 24 321 The gold surface was brought into closer proximity to the speculum surface.

1929 Bureau of Standards Jrnl. Res. (U.S.) 2 343 Data are presented on the ultra-violet reflecting power of various metals—beryllium, chromium,..speculum, stellite, and stain-less steel.

1941 Proc. Physical Soc. 53 263 It is not without interest to note that speculum has not such a good reflecting power as the three former materials.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XIII. 650/1 Among special cast bronzes are bell metal..and speculum.

6. attributive.

a. speculum metal, an alloy of copper and tin used for making specula. Also speculum steel.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other alloys of copper and tin

bell-metal1541

speculum metal1796

temper1875

speculum1912

1796 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 86 438 The composition in common use, which contains the greatest proportion of tin, is called speculum metal.

1807–10 R. Tannahill Poems (1846) 76 'Twas by the rays' reflected heat, Frae speculum steel.

1818 W. Phillips Outl. Mineral. & Geol. (ed. 3) 46 If the proportion of tin [to copper] amount to one third, it forms speculum metal, used for reflecting telescopes.

1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 13/1 2 lbs. copper, 1 lb. tin, 1 oz. arsenic, form a good speculum metal.

b. speculum forceps n. (see quot. 1875).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > forceps

tenaclesc1400

tongsc1425

raven's bill1446

parrotbill1598

duck's bill1601

swan's bill1631

forceps1634

beaks1656

volsella1684

tenaculum1693

rostrum1722

crane's-bill1753

porte-aiguille1830

volsellum1851

vulsellum1863

iris-forceps1874

speculum forceps1875

bulldog forceps1880

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2261/1 Speculum-forceps, long, slender forceps, used for dressing wounds or operating on parts not accessible except through speculums.

1881 Trans. Obstetr. Soc. 22 47 The ovum could generally be removed by the administration of ergot and the ordinary speculum forceps.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	speculum
释义	speculumn. /ˈspɛkjʊləm/ Forms: Plural ˈspecula and -ums. Etymology: < Latin speculum, < specĕre to look (at), observe. So French spéculum, Italian speculo, specolo, Spanish espéculum. 1. A surgical instrument of various forms, used for dilating orifices of the body so as to facilitate examination or operations.Frequently with Latin genitive of the part for which the instrument is used, as speculum oculi, speculum oris, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > dilator or speculum tendiculec1425 speculum1598 dilatator1611 dilatatory1611 dilater1634 dilator1688 diopter1706 quadrivalve1852 duck-bill speculum1879 proctoscope1896 the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > examination > [noun] > by physical means > of specific parts or using specific instruments > specific examining instruments speculum1598 diopter1706 otoscope1853 stomatoscope1853 laparoscope1855 cardioscope1856 sphygmoscope1856 stereoscope1857 laryngoscope1860 pharyngoscope1861 rhinoscope1861 autolaryngoscope1863 vaginoscope1863 oesophagoscope1868 photophore1871 rectoscope1871 endoscope1872 autoscope1873 glottiscope1876 polyscope1878 duck-bill speculum1879 tracer1882 diaphanoscope1883 gastroscope1888 cystoscope1889 kinetoskotoscope1896 photoscope1896 proctoscope1896 bronchoscope1899 sigmoidoscope1900 arthroscope1925 peritoneoscope1939 toposcope1951 fibrescope1954 mediastinoscope1966 fetoscope1968 angioscope1980 1598 A. M. tr. J. Guillemeau Frenche Chirurg. C ij b/1 A Dilatorye of the Eyeliddes, or the Speculum of the Eye. 1671 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Speculum oris, an Instrument to skrew open the mouth, that the Chirurgion may discern the diseased parts of the throat. 1684 tr. S. Blankaart Physical Dict. 100 Dilatorium is a Chyrurgeons Instrument wherewith the Womb or the Mouth is dilated or opened. It is called likewise Speculum, because by it one may see into the Mouth, or the Womb. 1752 W. Smellie Treat. Midwifery I. Introd. p. xlix He is the first who gives a draught of the Speculum Matricis for dilating the Os Internum. 1800 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 4 103 Permit me to offer the model of a Speculum Oculi, for insertion in the Medical and Physical Journal. 1862 Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 3552 Specula, an elegant assortment for the eye, ear, vagina, rectum and nose. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 983 Under an anæsthetic the speculum may be of service. 2. a. A mirror or reflector (of glass or metal) used for some scientific purpose; †a lens. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > equipment or apparatus > [noun] > miscellaneous apparatus bain1477 speculum1650 filtering paper1651 wheel-fire1662 filter paper1670 sun furnace1763 respirator1789 candle-ball1794 rectifier1822 candle-bomb1823 filter1823 oxyhydrogen blowpipe1823 shade1837 graduator1839 pipette1839 thistle funnel1849 pressure tube1852 ozonizer1858 dialyser1861 Liebig condenser1861 Sprengel pump1866 Sprengel tube1866 water softener1867 mercury pump1869 Bunsen burner1870 dialysator1877 test-mixer1877 tube-condenser1877 Kipp1879 reflux condenser1880 policeman1888 converter1889 pressure boiler1891 spot plate1896 hydrogen electrode1898 sampler1902 reactor1903 fume-chamber1905 Permutit1910 microburner1911 salt bridge1915 precipitator1919 Raschig ring1920 microneedle1921 titrator1928 laboratory coatc1936 spray tower1937 precipitron1938 ion exchanger1941 potentiostat1942 chemostat1950 Knudsen pipette1951 pH-stat1956 cryopump1958 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] glass1545 optic1599 optic glass1607 perspicil1611 lenticular1658 spectacle-glass1682 lens1693 speculum1756 optical1944 lenslet1956 1650 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica (ed. 2) vii. xviii. 325 Archimedes burnt the ships of Marcellus, with speculums of parabolicall figures. 1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 46 The giving to a large Metalline Speculum a Concave figure, would never enable it to set Wood on fire. 1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 327 The notes [of Leonardo da Vinci] are written in a very small hand, and from the right to the left, so that they cannot be easily read without a magnifying speculum. ?1790 J. Imison School of Arts (ed. 2) 218 There are four of these concave specula, of different magnifying powers, to be used as objects to be examined may require. 1825 Gentleman's Mag. 95 i. 292/1 On opening it, it was found to contain in the lid a small convex metallic speculum, and in the under-part a larger one. 1860 M. Faraday Var. Forces Nature (1874) 186 A single small speculum, no larger than a nut, will send it in any direction we please. 1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 317/1 Place the speculum, face downwards, in a dish. figurative.1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. xlvii. 404 The ultimate object intended to be reflected from this great speculum of creation.1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm vi. 146 The few individuals in every age to whom it has happened to live, and act, and speak under the focus of the speculum of history. b. spec. A metallic mirror forming part of a reflecting telescope. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > mirror > [noun] > speculum object-speculum1672 metal1693 speculum1704 mirror1762 reflector1815 1704 I. Newton Opticks i. i. 80 Such an Instrument..if it be 6 Foot long, (reckoning the length from the Speculum to the Prism, and thence to the Focus T). 1782 J. Edwards in Naut. Almanac (1787) 52 The Springs at the Back of the great Speculum, which are every Moment varying their Elasticity. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 44 It..is susceptible of so exquisite a polish, as to be admirably adapted for the speculums of telescopes. c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 73/2 The speculum is generally made of an alloy composed of variable quantities of copper and tin. 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. §481 The largest reflector in the world has been constructed by the late Earl of Rosse; its mirror, or speculum, is six feet in diameter. c. transferred. A telescope fitted with a speculum. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instrument for distant vision > [noun] > telescope > reflecting telescopes reflecting telescope1672 reflector1735 speculum1789 Herschelian telescope1792 Newtonian1820 reflector telescope1840 Cassegrain1888 Nasmyth1960 Nasmyth–Cassegrain1972 1789 Herschel in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) (1790) 80 10 In hopes of great success with my forty-feet speculum, I deferred the attack upon Saturn till that should be finished. †3. A diagram or drawing. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram plat1508 plot1551 plack1552 placket1552 lineament1570 draught1580 landscape1642 plan1664 speculum1676 chart1880 1676 H. Coley Clavis Astrologiæ (ed. 2) iii. xi. 574 A Speculum of the Geniture, or Table of the Radiations of the Planets. 4. Ornithology. A lustrous mark on the wings of certain birds; = mirror n. 7c. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > parts of or bird defined by > [noun] > wing or wings > marking on beauty spot1804 wing-bar1844 speculum1847 wing-band1872 mirror1903 1847 Bewick's Hist. Brit. Birds (new ed.) II. 342 The speculum, or beauty-spot [of the wings], is of a well-grounded violet colour. 1863 C. St. John Nat. Hist. Moray 35 The pochard has no speculum or bright bar on the wing. 1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man I. viii. 291 The beautiful green speculum on the wings is common to both sexes. 5. = speculum metal at sense 6a (see sense 6a). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other alloys of copper and tin bell-metal1541 speculum metal1796 temper1875 speculum1912 1912 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 24 321 The gold surface was brought into closer proximity to the speculum surface. 1929 Bureau of Standards Jrnl. Res. (U.S.) 2 343 Data are presented on the ultra-violet reflecting power of various metals—beryllium, chromium,..speculum, stellite, and stain-less steel. 1941 Proc. Physical Soc. 53 263 It is not without interest to note that speculum has not such a good reflecting power as the three former materials. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XIII. 650/1 Among special cast bronzes are bell metal..and speculum. 6. attributive. a. speculum metal, an alloy of copper and tin used for making specula. Also speculum steel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other alloys of copper and tin bell-metal1541 speculum metal1796 temper1875 speculum1912 1796 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 86 438 The composition in common use, which contains the greatest proportion of tin, is called speculum metal. 1807–10 R. Tannahill Poems (1846) 76 'Twas by the rays' reflected heat, Frae speculum steel. 1818 W. Phillips Outl. Mineral. & Geol. (ed. 3) 46 If the proportion of tin [to copper] amount to one third, it forms speculum metal, used for reflecting telescopes. 1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 13/1 2 lbs. copper, 1 lb. tin, 1 oz. arsenic, form a good speculum metal. b. speculum forceps n. (see quot. 1875). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > surgical instruments > [noun] > forceps tenaclesc1400 tongsc1425 raven's bill1446 parrotbill1598 duck's bill1601 swan's bill1631 forceps1634 beaks1656 volsella1684 tenaculum1693 rostrum1722 crane's-bill1753 porte-aiguille1830 volsellum1851 vulsellum1863 iris-forceps1874 speculum forceps1875 bulldog forceps1880 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 2261/1 Speculum-forceps, long, slender forceps, used for dressing wounds or operating on parts not accessible except through speculums. 1881 Trans. Obstetr. Soc. 22 47 The ovum could generally be removed by the administration of ergot and the ordinary speculum forceps. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1913; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1598
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